Will be Published about September, 1877, 

MORFORD'S 

ISEEI m SESSiTi Mi-Mi 



-OF- 



fLIBHARY OF CONGRESS,! 



% 



m 



2 laprtgltt ^Jc 



||hkp;A-£.2|apn9W5o. 



f fe whole cross- 

ii L River to the 

# Great Ameri- 

^^ UNITED STATES OP KMMIGL py, the Sierra 

CHIEF WONDERS OF THE GOLDEN STATE, 

Intended to be at once the most instructive and amnsinu 
book yet produced on the subject, and 

INVALUABLE AS A COMPANION AND GUIDE BOOK. 



Handsome 16 7110., of about 250 pages, liberally illustrated. 

CHAS. T. DILLINGHAM, Publisher, New York, 

LEE & SHEPARD, Boston, and 

THE UNION NEWS CO. (on all Railways.) 



DO NOT MISTAKE THE COMPANY. 




TO 



CasTi Assets, over $4,000,000. 



m 



rHE TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY 

OF HARTFORD, CONN., 

grants everything desirable in 
LUTE J^lSllD J^CCxjJ)E:S-r IMSXJJa^7?^CE. 



\) 



ACCIDENT DEPARTMENT. 

Foreign Travel. — Policies insuring against death by any form of accident, 
at home or abroad. 

RATE PER $1000. 
Onk Month. Two N nihs. Thkke Months. One Year. 

5?2.oo. $3-35- «f3.8o. $5.00. 

Amkkican Travel ■ Polities insuring agamsi death by accident, and cov- 
ering liuieinnity for disabling injuries, at rale of $5.00 per week with eack 
"jIljOoo insured. 
\ RATE PER $1000 

One Month. Two Monihs. 'IHkhe Months. One Year. 

$1.50. 12.25 ^1^3. 00. $5.00. 

Daily average of Losses paid, $9(10 00 (during twelve years.) 

LIFE DEPARTMENT. 

in its Life Department, the Tkavklkks grants lull Life and FNnowMEifT 
Policies, enibracing (he be^i features of the bis( C'.mp^mei.. as to non f>>rftruuie, 
terms ot payment, etc., but Without any of the complications or uuceriaintics of 
the note system 

All policies non-foifeitablc. its five, ten. fittcen and twenty year policies can 
Reconverted imo endowments, at the option of the iniurAnt. 'I'his teaturc is 
original with this Company. 

R.DENNIS, Secretary. J G. BA TTmsON, Preiident. 

Njcw Yokk Office. Tribune Bui ding. 

R. M. JOHNSON, Manager 



morford's 
Short-Trip Guide 



TO 



AMERICA. 



{UNITED STATES AND DOMINION OF CANADA.) 



By 'HENRY MORFORD, 

AUTHOR OF THE " SHORT-TRIP GUIDE TO EUROPE,'' " OVER-SHA,' 
"PARIS IN '67," ETC: 



J^adL^ 



CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM. 

BOSTON: 
LEE & SHEPAKD. 

LONDOK: 
TRUBNER & CO., 

AND 

W. H. SMITH & S02f. 



mi 






\ \* 



Entered at Stationers' Hall, London— all rights reserved. 

Entered according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 18T7, 

By henry MOKFORD, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at "Washington, D. 0. 



l.^ 



S.10. F. Jf E&BiTT & Co., Printers, Pearl and Pine St., Kew York. 







ADTERTISEMENT 

TO THE SEVENTH EDITION, 

111 tlie preparation of the seventh, edition of the '* Short- 
Trip Guide to America," necessarily most of the features 
which had won it so much of commendation and success in 
previous editions, iiave been retained • though many varia- 
tions have been found necessary, from the constant changes 
of routes, widening of space covered by railway transit, alter- 
nations and improvements in cities, &c. Some entirely new 
and important routes ha-ve been added, and completions of 
only -less consequence made in others. Most of the very 
close particulars given last year with reference to the City of 
Philadelphia, have been retained as permanently useful; and 
especial attention has been paid to the very latest alterations 
in the City of New York. Southern and Western routes 
have also been materially remodeled and extended; and the 
various new railway connections with the main line crossincr 
the Continent to the Pacific, will be found carefully noted, 
as well as th« improvements and alterations made by the 
last three years in the strange City of the Golden Gate. It 
is believed that, taken all in all, the " Short-Trip Guide " 
for 1877 will be found reasonably complete, and thoroughly 
welcome to the large body of native and foreign travelers to 
whose convenience it may minister. 

New York and London, 
June, 1877. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



fNDEX i 

DisTAXCics. Time and Fakes xiv 

Cost AXD Time of Short American Trips .- 7 

P KEF AK AXIOM'S for the Trip to America 17 

■\Yhat to Do and A^oid on Shipboard ^. 30 

Bell-Time at Sea ...^ 4g 

i!J"E\v York. City, Harbor and -SubTirbs , 4-2 

KouTE 'No. 1. — iSTorthern — New York to ]Sliagara and Canada 62 

" No. 2. — Northern — New York to Niagara aud Canada 63 

" No, 3 —Northern — New York to Saratoga, Lake Georg-e, &c, 9t 

^* No. 4. — Eastern— New York to Boston^ hj N^ew Haven, 

Providence, &c ] 03 

" No. S. — Eastern — Boston to Portland and Canada 124 

■*' No. ti. — Northern and Eastern — Boston to White Monn- 

tains, &e , 129 

•" No. 7. — Northern and Eastern — New York to White Moun- 
tains, &-e 136 

-" No. <8. — Near 'Westem— New York to Philadelphia 14^ 

■" No. 9. — Westei'n and Southern — Philadelphia to Baltimore, 

Washington and Kiehmond 162 

•" No. 9h. — Special Virginian— Baltimore or Washington to 

Viiginia Cities^ Springs and Mountains 159 

^' No.9|. — Western and Somth- Western — Washingtoner Bal- 
timore, to Chicago and St Louis 1801 

■" No. 10. — South- Weatera — Riehmond te Charleston, Savan- 
nah, New Orleans, &e 19@ 

*" No. 11.— South - Western — WasMngton or Bicbmoad to 

Nashville and New Orleans 195 

■*' No. 11 -J. — SoRthern — liichmond to Charleston, Savannah, 

and Florida Besorts 196a 

■" No. 12. — Western — New York or Philadelphia to Cincinnati 

aud Chicago 197 

" No. 13.— Western — New York to Chicago. &e 206 

^' No. 14 Western— Cincinnati to Louisville, St. Loms .and 

Chicago 21^ 

" No. '1.5. — Northern and Western — Buffalo to Chicago, by- 
Lake Shore 22S 

" No. 16. — Northern — New York or Pliiladelphia to Coal and 

Oil Peg-ions 228 

" No. 17. — Canadian and Western — Niagara to Detroit and 

Chicago 231 

" No. 18 — North-Western — Chieago t-o St Paul and Lake 

Superior 237 

" No. 19. — Canadian — Niagara t-o Toronto, Ottawa, ]^£ontreal, 

(Quebec, &c 241 

" No. 20. — Canadian — Niagara to Toronto, Montreal aaid Que- 
bec, by Steamers 257 

" No. 21.— Far Western— Chicago to Omaha, Salt Lake City 

and Saa Francisco ^ ^ 261 

Off Eoute and Minor Places...! -. - 277 

i^TRAir6HII• LINES and Banking Houses ■ — - 

A ME uiCAX HuTELS for Travellers — 

itEMIXUEJiS TO PtAJdBLEliS ..- -^-... ^........^ -— = 



INDEX 



[PJUACIS AND ROUTES. FOR PLACES THEMSELVES, SEE FIGURES IN HEAVT 

type; for PL ices KOT found in this INDEX, SEE " OFF- 

ROUTE AND MINOR PLACES," PRECEDING.] 



A 

Acapnico, Mex., 273. 
Adirondack MoiTntains, 97, 100. 
Adrian, Midi., 227, 235. 
Akron, Oliio, 2lo. 
Alameda (and Warm Springs), 

Cal., 271, 273. 
Albany, N. Y., 70. 
Albion, Midi., 235. 
Albion, N. Y., 77. 
Alexandria, Ya., 183, 185, 195. 
Alkali, Keb., 269. 
Allegheny City, Ta., 200. 
AUeglieny Mountains, 1D9. 
Alleglieny Springs, Va., 195. 
AUentown, Fa., 208. 
Alliance, 0., 210. 
Altoona, Pa.. 199. 
Alton Bay, N. II , 125, 129. 
Alton, 111., 224, 239, 261, 203. 
Alton, N. H., 129. 
Amador, Cal., 274. 
Amlierst, Mass., 139. 
Ammonoosuc Falls, N. n., 134. 
Anchorage, Ky., 217. 
Andover, North, Mass, 124. 
Annapolis Junction. Md., 171. 
Annapolis, Md., 1G8, 171. 
Ann Arbor, Mich., 235. 
Appomattox, Ya., 195. 
Aquia Creek, Ya., 183, 185. 
Argenta, Nov., 272. 
Arlington House, Ya., 182. 
Arnprior, Can., 243. 
Arthabasca (Junction), Can,, 128, 

251. 
Ashland, Iowa, 2G3. 
Ashland. Ky., 217. 
Aspen, Utah, 271. 
Aspinwall, Cent. Amer., 273. 
Athens, N. Y., 70. 



Athens, O., 203. 
Atlanta, Ga., 191. 
Atlantic, Iowa, 264. 
Atlantic City, N. J., 150, 160. 
Attleboro, Mass., 110. 
Auburn, Cal., 273. 
Auburn, N. Y., 76. 
AUGUSTA, Ga., 191. 
Augusta, Me., 127, 
An Sable River, N. Y., TOO. 
Austin, Iowa, 23S, 261, 262. 
Austin, Nev., 269. 
Australia (to;, 273. 

B. 

Balleton Spa. N. Y., 91. 

BALTlilORE, Md., 1G4. 193, 201— 
Fort McHenry, 165 — Monu- 
ments, 165 — Streets, 165— 
Public Buildings, 166 — Churches 
166— Lit. Inst,, 166— Theatres, 
167— Hotels, 167— Cemeteries, 
167— Excursions, 168 — Longer 
Excursions, 168, 169, 170. 

Bangor, Me., 127, 

Barry town, N, Y., 68. 

Batavia, N. Y., 77. 

Bathurst, N. B., 260. 

Battle Creek, Mich., 235. 

Battle Mountain, Nev., 272. 

Bay City, Mich., 240. 

Beauport, Can., 253. 

Beaverton, Can., 242. 

Becancour, Can., 128. 

Bedford Springs, Pa., 199. 

Bel-Air, Md , 168. 

Belle Air, O., 202. 

Belleville. Can., 243. 

Bellows Falls, Vt., 140. 

Belmont, Mo., 220. 

Belmont, Nev., 269. 



INDEX. 



J'.eloit, Wis., 238. 

Berkeley Springs, Va.. lS9a. 

J'.ergen Tunnel, N. J., S3. 

I'.erlm, Can., 232, 242. 

I'.etlilehem, N. H., 134. 

3;ethieiiem, Pa., 208. 

lieverley, N. J., 150. 

r.idUeionl, Me., 125. 

i;is* Oak Flat Koute, Cal., 2767?. 

Ijig Trees of Calaveras, Cal.,276«. 

V.'\g I'rees of Mariposa, Cal., 27di. 

liiy; Tnnnei, Ya , 195. 

IJiuoliaraton, N. Y., 76, 87. 

IJird'a Point, Mo., 221. 

llirmmgliam, Pa., 200. 

P.ismavck, Mo., 221. 

Bitter"Creek, V/yo„ 271. 

Black Ptiver, Can., 128. 

Bladensburg, Mel., 171. 

Blairsville, Pa.. 200. 

]'.Ioo(ivPoncl, N. Y.,95. 

Blooiiiington, 111., 224, 261, 202, 
2t;3. 

I'.Ioomsbnry. N. J., 207. 

Boca. Cal., 273. 

3!o:s(; City, Idaho. 2G8, 269. 

r.onsack's, Va., 195. 

Boone. Iowa. 202. 

J'.oonton, N. J., 228. 

Bordentown, N. J., 148, 150, 
ICO. 

Boston, 107, 110, 115, 251— 
Streets, 117— Public Grounds, 
117 — Antiquities, 117 — Public 
Buildinpis, 118— Monuments, 119 
—(.'li arches, 119— Libraries and 
Bit. Inst., 119— Theatres, 120— 
Hotels, 120— Excursions, ,120— 
Jlarvard University, 120— "\Vasli- 
inaion Head Quartt-r?, 121 — 
}s!oimt Auburn Cemetery, 121 — 
Bout;er Excursions, 121, 122. 

Botiiwell, Can., 232. 

Bound Brook, N. J., 206. 

Bowling Green, Ky., 219. 

Bownianville, Can , 2-i2. 

Bradlnrd, Mass., 124. 

B.ninch Intersection. Pa., 198. 

P.ranchville, S. C, 191. 

]-nindvwine CH-eek, Pa., 162. 

B.raltleboro, Vt , 140. 

r.reckf^nridge, Minn., 239. 

r.riiijrcport. Ct., 103. 

Brid<loton, N. J.. 150, 159. 

r.rijrlHun, Cal., 274. 

2;ri<vhu)n, Mass., 107. 



Bristol, Pa., 148, 

Bristol, Tenn., 195. 

Brockport, N. Y., 77 

Brockville, Can., 24b. 

B]J00KLYN . connection with New 
York)— Streets, 47 — Churches, 
50— Public Buildings, 51— Hotels 
53— Theatres, 54— Churches for 
Service, 54 — Public Grounds. 55, 
57— Prospect Park, 57— Green- 
wood Cemetery. 57— Excursions 
57, 5S— Navy Yard, 58. 

]U-o\vn"s, C;an., 2-16. 

Brown University, 109, 

Bryan, Wyo.,271. 

Buckingham, Can., 246. 

Bucvrus, O.,210. 

Budd's Lake, N. J., 60, 228. 

BUFl'-ALO, K. Y., 89, 232, 234, 
240. 

Bul'ord, Wyo .270. 

l{uii Run (Battie-fleld>. Ya., 183. 

Bulstrodc, Can., 128, 251. 

Bureau, 111., 263. 

Burkevilie (Junction), Va., 195. 

BurliQgton, JOAva, 215, 238, 239, 
261, 263.264. 

Burlington, N. J.. ir^O, 160. 

Burlington, Vt., 100, 101, 140. 

Bush River Bridge, Md., 164 

€. 

Cacouna, Can., 255^ 
Cairo, HI., 194, 205, 216, 220. 
Caldwell, N. Y., 95. 
Caledonia, N. Y., 77. 
Caledonia Springs, Can., 246. 
Calilornia Junction, Iowa, 264, 265. 
Caliicoon, N. Y.,86. 
Calistoga (Springs), Cal.. 276Z. 
Camden, N. J., 148, 150, 159. 
Camel's Hump Mountain, Vt., 100. 
Canandaigu-i, N. Y., 77. 
Canton, O., 210. 
Cape Cod. Mass., 122. 
Cape Elizabeth, Me., 125. 
Cape Mav, N. J., 150. 160. 
Cape Rouge, Can., 253. 
Cape Vincent, N. Y., 243. 
Carbon, AVvo., 266. 
Caraondale, Pa., 270. 
Carillon, Cni., 246. 
Carleton Place, Can., 243, 245. 
Carlin, Nev., 272. 
Carlisle, Pa , 198. 
Carson, Nov., 269. 



INDEX. 



in 



Carter, Utah. 271. 
Cascade Bridge, N. Y., 87. 
Casey, Iowa, 264. 
Castie Rock, Utali, 271. 
CastletOM, N. y., 70. 
Castleton, Vr., lOl. 
Catawissa, Pa., 209. 
Catskill Landing, M. Y., 6S. 
Catskill Moautaiii House, 69. 
Cave City, Ky., 218. 
Cayuga, N. Y., 77. 
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 215, 233, 2G1, 

263, 
Central City, Col.. 266. 
Centre Harbor, N. II., 102, 130, 

138. 
Chambersburg. Ta., 183, 198. 
Champaian, III., 224. 
Charles City, Iowa, 238. • 
Charles ion, Mo., 221. 
Chaklestox, S. C, 18^, 189. 
Claariusiuwu, Va., 1896. 
Charlotte Town, P. E. 1., 259. 
Charlottesville, Va., 183, 195. 
Chatham, Can., 232. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 191, 196. 
Chaudiere, Junction, Can., 128, 

254, 255, 256. 
Chaudiere Falls, Can., 244, 253. 
Chelsea, Mass., 122. 
Chenoa, 111., 224. 
Cherry Valley, N. Y., 74. 
Chester, N.J. , 228. 
Chester, Pa., 162. 
Chester, Va., 186. 
Cheyenne. Wyo.,270, 274. 
Chicago, III., 201, 205, 212, 220, 

223, 225, 227, 234, 236, 238, 239. 
Chicamauga, Tenn., 19G. 
China (to>, 273. 
Chinese Camp, Cal., 274. 
Cincinnati, 0., 201, 202. 204, 

205, 210, 215, 221, 223, 227. 
Claremont, Vt., 140. 
Clearfield, Pa., 199. 
Cleveland, 0., 201. 202, 203, 205, 

210, 216, 226, 240. 
Clinton, Iowa, 261. 
6lyde,N. Y., 77. 
Clyde, ()., 227. 
Coal Regions of Pennsylvania, 

207, 268, 229. 
Coatesville, Pa.. 197. 
Coljurg, Can., 242. 
Cohoes Falls, N. Y., 71. 
Coibovne, Can., 243. 
Cold Spring, N. Y., 66. 



Colfax, Cal., 273. 
Collins' Bay, Can., 243. 
Colmar, Iowa, 238. 
Coloma, Cal., 270. 
Colura"ia, Ind., 211. 
Columbia, Pa., 198. 
Columbia, S. C, 188, 191. 
Columbia Springs (route to), 70. 
Columbus, Ky., 220. 
Columbus, 0., 202, 210, 227. 
Columbua, Neb., 269. 
Communipaw, n. J., 20G. 
Como, Cau., 247. 
Coney Island, N. Y., 58. 
Concord, Mass., 123, 136. 
Concord, N. H., 124, i25, 13T. 
Conemaugh Station, Pa., 199. 
Contra Costa, Cal.. 273. 
Conway, N. H., 102, 129, 131, 

138 
Conway YaUey, N. H., 130. 
Cooperctown, N. Y., 74. 
Corinne, Ulah, 272. 
Corning, N. Y., 77, 8S?). 
Cornwall Landing, N. Y., 66. 
Corrv, Pa., 89, 198, 226, 230. 
Coshocton, 0., 202, 227. 
Council Bluffs, Iowa, 3S3, 264. 
Covington, Ky., 204, 217. 
Cossackie, N. Y.. 70. 
Coultersville Route, Cal., 276/. 
Crawlbrd House. N. H., 133. 
C esson. Pa., 199. 
CresUine, O., 210. 
Creston, VVyo., 271. 
Cri^fleld. Md., 103. 
Croton River, N. Y., 63. 
Culpepper, Va., 183. 
Cumberland, Md., 170, 201. 

Panvers, No., Mass., 124. 
Danville, Can., 128. 
Danville Junction, Me., 127. 
Darien, Ct., 103. 
Davenport, Iowa, 239, 263. 
Dayton, 0.. 204, 210, 211, 227. 
Delaware Water Gap, 60, 160, 

207, 229. 
Dennison, 0., 202. 
Denver, Col., 274, 2 7 6m. 
Deposit, N. Y., 86. 
Des Moines. Iowa, 215, 262, 264. 
Detroit, Mich., 210, 211, 216, 227, 

23 3 < 240. 
Devirs*Gate, Utah, 271. 



IV 



INDEX, 



Dexter, Iowa, 254. 
Dixon, 111,261. 
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., 63. 
Dorsev. Md., 171. 
Doucet's Lauding, Can., 128. 
Dover, Del., 163. 
Dover, N. J., -228. 
Dover, N.H., 125,129,137. 
Dowmi'ville Cal., 27u, 
Downingtoa, ra., 197. 
Drakesville, N. J., 228. 
Drestlen Junction, 0., 202. 
Dubuque, Iowa, 239, 2G1. 
Dulutb, Minn., 238, 240. 
Dundas, Can., 232* 
Dunkirk, N. Y., 89, 228. 
Dunleitli, Iowa, 261. 
Dunville, Can., 232. 
Durliam, N. H., 125. 

Easton, Pa., 160, 207, 229. 
East Penn. Junction, Pa., 208. 
Eatontov/n, N. J., 59. 
Ebensburg, Pa., 199. 
Echo Canon (and City), Utah, 271. 
Echo Lake. N. H., 141. 
Ellingham, Ind., 205&, 225. 
Elgin, IlL, from Cliicago, 212 to 216. 
Elizabeth City, Va., 169. 
Elizabeth, N. J., 59, 145, 197, 

206. 
Elizabethport, N. J., 149, 206. 
Elk Grove, Cal., 274. 
Elkharr, Ina., 227. 
Elkhorn, Neb., 268 
Elkhorn, Wis.. 237. 
Elko, Kev., 272 
Elkton, Md., 163. 
Ellicott's Mills, Md., 170. 
ElUs, Cal., 271. 
Elmira, N. Y., 88,198. 
Eminence, Ky., 217. 
Emporium, Pa., 230. 
Euglewood, TIL, 262. 
Erie Canal, 74. 

Erie, Pa., 198, 201, 226, 230, 240. 
Essex Junction, Vt., 101. 
Evaiiston, Utah, 271. 
Evansvilie, Ind., 219. 
Exeter, N. H., 125. 

F. 

Fairfax Court-House, Ya., 183. 
Fall River, Mass., 113, 114. 



Falls of the Ammonoosuc, N. H., 

134. 
Falls of the Chaudiere, Can., 244. 

253. 
Falls of Cohoes, N. Y., 7] . 
Falls of tie Genesee, N. Y., 77- 
Falls, Glen Eilis, Is. H., 131. 
Falls, Glenn'rf, N. Y., 95. 
Falls, Kauterskiil, N. Y., 69. 
Falls of Mmnehaha, Minn,, 239. 
Falls of Niagara, 77,78, 242. 
Falls, Passaic, 59, 84. 
Falls of the Potomac, D. C, 182. 
Falls, Eideau, Can., 244, 245. 
Falls of the Sawkiil, N. Y., 86. 
Falls of St. Anne, Can., 247. 
Falls of SL Anthony, Mmu., 239. 
Falls of Trenton, N. Y., 75. 
Falls of the Yo Semite. Cal., 275. 
Fannington, N. IL, 129. 
Ftshkill Landing, N. Y., 66. 
Fitchburg, Mass., 140. 
Flemington, N. J., 207c 
Florence, S. C, 189. 
Florida Resorts, 196a, 1966 
Flume, The (and House), N. H., 

142. 
Fonda, N. Y., 74. 
Foiest, O., 210. 

Fort Bridger, Utah, 267. ' 

Fort Dodge, Iowa. 262, 264 
Fort Hamilton, N. Y.. 58. 
Fortlloward, Wis.,261. 
FortMassasauga, Can., 257. 
Fort Niagara, N. Y., 257. 
Fort Plain, N. Y., 74, 
Fort Saunders, Wyo., 270. 

Fort Schuyler, N. Y., 111. 

Fort Sedgwick, Neb., 265. 

Fort Snelling, Minn., 239. 

Fort AVashington, Ya., 185. 

Fort Wavne, Ind , 201, 211,224, 
227, 235. 262. 

Fortress Monroe, Ya.. 169. 

Four Lakes, Wis., 238. 

Foxboro, Mass., 110. 

Framingham, Mass., 107. 

Franconia Notch, N. IL, 134. 

Frankford, Pa., 148. 

Franklinton, Md., 168. 

Frederick, Md., 170. 

Fredericsburg, Ya., 185. 

Fredericton, i^, P., 259. 

Freehold, N. J., 149. 

Freeport, I1L,237,261,263. 

Freeport, Pa., 200. 

Fremont, O., 227. 



INDEX. 



Fremont, Neb., 268. 
Freacliinan's Bay, Can., 242. 



G. 

Galena, 111., 239» 
Gait, Cal., 2-Qk. 
Galveston, Texas, 192, 194. 
Gananoque, Can., 243. 
Garrison's Landing, K. Y., 64. 
Gatineau River, Can., 245. 
Genesee Falls, N. Y,, 77. 
Geneva, N. Y., 77. 
Genoa, 111., 237. 
Georgetown, Cal., 270. 
Georgetown, D. C, 1^2. 
Georgetown, Mass., 124. 
Germantown, Pa., 159. 
Geysers, The, Cal., 27t;A-,2'S'C3. 
Girara, Pa., 226. 
Glen Allen, Mo., 221. 
Glencoe, Can,, 232. 
Glen Cove, L. I., 01. 
Glen Ellis Fails, N. II., 131. 
Glen House, N. II., 131. 
Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 95. 
Godericli, Can., 232. 240, 
Golden City, Cal.. 266. 
Gold Hill, Nev., 269. 
Goshen. Va., 189(Z, 180(2. 
Gordonsville. Va., 183. 186. 189g. 
Gorham, N. H., 102, 1^7,251. 
Gosport Navy Yard, Ya., 169. 
Grafton, Mass., 107. 
Grand Haven, Mich., 227, 235. 
Grand Island, Neb., 269. 
Grand Junction, Iowa, 262. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., 235. 
Granger, Utah, 267. 
Granite Canon. Wyo., 270. 
Grass Valley, Cal., 270. 
Great American Desert, 268. 
Great Bend, N. Y., 87, 229. 
Great Falls, N. H., 125. 
Great Nevada Sandy Desert, 269. 
Great Salt Lake, Utah, 268. 
Green Bay, Wis , 215, 261. 
Greenbush, N. Y., 70- 
Greenfield, Mass., 140. 
Greenport, L. I., 61. 
Green River, Wyo., 271. 
Greensboro, N. C, 188. 
Greensburg, Pa., 200. 
Greenwich, East, R. I., 109. 
Greenwood Lake. N. Y., 85. 
Grenville, Can,, 246. 



Greycourt, N. Y.,. 85. 
Grimsby. Can., 231. 
Grinnell, Iowa, 263. 
Groton,. Ct., 108. • 
Gro ton Junction, Mass., 136, 140. 
Grout's Corners,. Mass., 140. 
Guelph, Can., 232, 242. 
Gnnnowder ]River Bridge, Md«, 
164 



Haclkettstown. N. J., 60, 228. 

Ha Ha Bav, Can., 256. 

Halifax, N. iS., 250, '^r^^. 

Hamilton, Can., "/I'il, 241. 

Hamilton, O., 210. 

Hampton Junction. K. J., 207, 228. 

Hampton, N. H., 125. 

Hampton and Roads), Va , 169, 

Hancock, N. Y., 86. 

Hannibal, Bio., 239. 

Hanover, Md., 171. 

Hanover, Va., 163. 

Harper's Ferry, W. Va., ITO, 171. 

183, 189, 201. 
Habtfoed, Ct., 105. 
Harrieooturg, Va., 1835. 
Harbisbukg, Pa., 160, 163,^ 198, 

209. 
Harvard University, 120. 
HaverMU., Mass., 124. 
Havana, Cuba, 194. 
Havre de Grace, Md.. 162, 103» 
Hawkesbury, Can,, 246, 
Hazard, Wyo., 270. 
Hazleton, Pa., 209. 
Helena, Nev., 268. 
Henderson, Ky., 219. 
Herkimer, N. Y., 74. 
Hermitage, the, Teun., 219. 
Hickford Junction, Va., 189. 
Highlands of Navesinii, 59, 
Highlands of the Hudson, 63« 
Hightstown, N. J., 150. 
Hillsdale, Mich., 227. 
Hillsdale, Wyo., 270. 
Hoboken, N. J.,58. 
Homewood, Pa., 210. 
Honesdale, Pa., 229. 
Hoosic Tunnel, Mass., 136, 
Horicon, Wis., 237. 
Hornellsville, N. Y., 89. 
Hudson, Can., 247. 
Hudson, N. Y., 70. 
Hvannis, Mass., 122. 
Hyde Park, N. Y., 67. 



vt 



INDEX. 



I. 

Indiana, Pa., 200. 

India (to), 273, 

iNDiANOi'OLis, Ind., 20aa. 218, 

223. 
lone City. Cal., 274, 
Iowa City, Iowa, 263. 
Island Pond, 127, 251, 253, 255. 
Isle of Siioals, N. II,, 125. 
Iron Mountain, Mo,, 221. 
Ironton, Mo , 221. 
Irvineton, Pa,, 230. 
Ithaca, N, Y., 88. 

S, 

Jackson, Cal , 274. 
Jackson, Micli., 235. 
Jackson, Miss., 194, 
Jacksonville, 111,, 224. 
Jamaica, L, I., 61, 
Jamesburg, N, J,, 149. 
Jamestown (ruins), Va., 1^. 
Janesville, Wis., 215, 237. 
Japan (to), 273, 
Jeirerson City, Mo., 223. 
Jeffersonville, Ind , 218 
.lersey City, N. J., i44, 197. 
.Tolmsonville, Tenn., 22u, 
Joiinstowu, Pa.. 199. 
Joliet, 111., 224, 262» 
Jonesville, Micli., 227. 
Julesburg, Neb,, 269. 

K. 

Kalamazoo, Micli,, 227, 234, 225. 
Kauterskill Falls, 69. 
Kearney (and Fort; Keb., 2G9. 
Keene, N. U., 140, 
Keeseville, N, Y., 100. 
Eel ton, Utah, 272. 
Kenoslia, Wis., 237. 
Kennebunk, Me., 125. 
Kensington, Pa., 148. 
Keokuk, Iowa, 239, 281, 262, 254. 
Kinderliook, N. Y., 70. 
Kingston, Can., 2'13.j 257. 
Kingston, N, Y., 67. 
K.ngsville, S, C, 191. 
Kitiery, Maine, 125. 
Knoxville, Tenn.. 1&3, 195, 219. 
Komoka, Can., 232. 

I... 

Lachine, Can., 247. 
lUiCliLue Rapids, Can., 250. 



Lackawaxen, N. Y., 88. 

L'l Crosse, Wis,, 239. 

Lafayette., Ind., 211. 

Lafayette College. 208. 

Lagrange, Ky., 217. 

Lake Cliamplain. 99. 

Lake Donner, Cal,, 270/, 

Lake George, 95, 

Lake Hopateong. 60, 22S. 

Lake Maliopac, CO. 

Lake Mempliremagog, Can., 121, 

138, 140, 
Lake Pepin, Minn,, 239, 
Lake Pouctiartrain, La., 194. 
Lake Simcoe, Can., 242. 
Lake St. Charles, Can., 253, 254. 
Lake St. Clair, 233, 
Lake St. Louis, Can., 247. 
Lake St, Peter, Can,. 123. 
Lake Superior, 215, 240. 
Lake Superior Copper Regions, 

240. 
Lake Superior Iron Regions, 240. 
' Lake Tahoe, Cal., 276/, 
Lake Winnepesaukie, 125, 12t?. 
Lake 01 tlie Two Mountains, Cau., 

247. 
Lambertviile, N, J,, 207, 
Laniokin Junction, Pa., 162. 
Lancaster, Pa-, 160. 197. 
L'Ance a I'Eau, Can., 255. 
Lanesborougli, N. Y., S7. 
Lansing, Mfcli., 235. 
Lansingburgli, N. Y., 71. 
Laporte, Ind., 227. 
La Prairie. Can., 100, 
Laramie, Wyo., 270. 
La Salle, 111., 263. 
LatliroB, cal., 273, 2763. 
Laurel, Md., 171. 
Lawrence, Mass., 122, 134, 136 
Lawrenceville, Pa , 200, 
Lawton, Micli., 236. 
Lazaretto, Tlie, Pa., I02. 
Lebanon, Pa., 198, 209. 
Lebanon Springs, !>J. Y., 70, 
Leesburg, Va., 183, 
Leetonia, 0., 210, 
Lennoxville, Can., 135, 
Le Roy. N. Y., 77, 
Lewes, Del., 163. 
Lewiston, N. Y., 242, 257. 
Lewiston, Pa., 199. 
LexiiiRton, Ky., 217. 
Lexington, Va., 189/ 
Lima, O., 211, 227. 
Lincoln, Neb., 5:62. 



INDEX. 



vii 



LTslet, Can., 254. 

Little Falls, N. Y., 74. 

Little Rock, Ark., 2:^0. 

Littleton, N. H., 102, 139, 140. 

Lock Haven, Pa., 199, 230. 

Lockport, N. Y.. 77. 

Logansport, Ind., 211, 224, 227. 

Loudou, Can., 232. 

London, (>., 203. 

Lou!? BranjCli,N. J., 59, 149, 150, 

161. 
Long Sault Rapid?, Can., 24&. 
Lookout Mountain, 196. 
Loreite, Can., 2o3. 
L'Original, Can., 246. 
Louisville, Ky.. 211, 217, 221, 
Lovelan<), 0., 204. 
Lowell, Mass., 121, 124, 136. 
Lundy'sLane, Can., 81. 
Lyme, Cr., 208. 
Lyme, E. A S., Ct., lOS. 
Lynn, Mass.,_121, 122 
Lynchburgh. Ya., IS^g^ 195. 
Lyons, N.' Y., 77. 

Macon, Ga., 191. 
Madison, N. J., 228. 
Madison, Wis., 215, 237, 261. 
Major's, Can , 246. 
Maiden, N, Y., 68. 
Maiden (So.) Mass., 122. 
Mallory Town, Can., 243. 
Mammotli Cave of Kentucky, 218. 
Manassas Junction. Ya.. 183, 195. 
Mancliester, N. IL, 124, 1 37. 
Mankato, Mmn , 2S8. 
Blansfield, IMass.. 110. 
Mansfield, O , 210. 
Mantua Junction, Pa., 197. 
Manunkachunk, N. J„ 228, 229. 
Marietta, O., 204. 
Mariposa Ronte, CaL, 2767l\ 
Marshall, Iowa, 263. 
Marshall, Mich., 235. 
Martinsbnrg. Va.. 189a. 
Martha's Vineyard. Mass., 123. 
Marquette, Lake Superior, 2i0. 
Marysviile, Cal., 270, 273. 
Mason City, Iowa, 262, 253. 
Massillon, 0., 210. 
Mast Hope, N. Y., 86. 
McGregor, Iowa, 238. 
McKenzie, Tenn., 2^0. 
McPherson (and Fort), Neb,, 269. 
Meaiord, Mass., 12-1. 



Medina, N. Y., 77. 

Memphis Junction. Ky.. 219. 

Memphis, Tenn.. 194, 196, 219, 220. 

Mendota, 111., 263. 

Mendota Junction, Minn., 238. 

Meredith Village, N. H., 101, 133. 

Meriden, Ct . 105. 

Meridian, Miss., 196. 

Merrimac River and Valley, 135. 

Michigan Citv. Midi., 236. 

Middleburj', Vt., 101. 

Middlctown, N. Y., 85. [104, 108. 

Middh'towii, /and Portland), Ct., 

Milford, Va., 136. 

MiliYille, N. J.. 15&. 

Smton, Pa., 229. 

Millburo, Va .-i89e. 

Milrov. Pa.,199. 

Milwaukie, Wis., 215, 237, 239, 

261. 
Mineral Point, Mo., 221. 
Mtnao Junction, 0., 202. 
Mmneapolis, Mmn., 238. 
Minnehaha, Min.. 238. 
Mississ ppi. Montlis of, 194. 
Missonri Valley Junction, Iowa, 

262. 
Mobile, Ala., 19:3, 196. 
Modesta, Cal., 275. 
Mohawk Valley, N. Y., 73. 
Mokf Inmne Hiil. Cal., 2T6^\ 
Monmouth Junction, ]\'. J.. 149. 
Monoeacv (and Yaley), Md., 170. 
MonroeviUe, O., 227. 
Monson, Mass., 130. 
Montere}% Cal., 273. 

MONTGOiiEKY, Ala., 191, 19€, 
220. 

IMouticello, Va., 183. 
Montmorenci. Falls of. Can., 253. 
Montpelier, Vt., 140. 
M<iNTBEAL, Can., 138, 242, 243, 

244, 245, 2475 253. 255, 257. 
Moosehead Lake, 127. 
Moreau Station, N. Y., 95. 
Mon-!.son, 111., 261. 
Morristown, N. J., 60, 338, 
Morrow, 0., 204. 
Moscow, Iowa, 263. 
Mound Citv, III., 220. 
Mount Holly, N. J., 160. 
Mount Hope, R. I., 113, 114. 
Mt. Joy, Pa., 198 
Mt., Lafayette, N. II., 141, 143. 
Mt. Mansfield, Vt., 100. 
Mountain of Rigavid, The, Cva,^ 

246. 



Vlil 



INDEK. 



MoHBt Vernon, Va., 1S4, 185. 
Mount WasMugtou, N. H., 131, 

132. 
Mount Webster, N. H., 133. 
Mount ^Villara, N. II., 133. 
Murray Bay, Can,, 2.>l. 
Muscatine, Iowa, 263. 
Mystic, Ct., 109. 

N. 

Nahant, Mass, 121. 

Napanee, Can., 243. 

Narrowsburg, N. Y., 86. 

Nashville, Tenn., 191, 219. 

Nashua, Mass., 122, 124. 

Natick, Mass., 107. 

Natural Bridge, Va., 189/", 19S. 

,Nauvoo, 111., 239. 

Nebraska City, Neb., 262. 

Nevada, Cnl , 270. 

New Almaden Mines, Cal., 273. 

Newark, N. J., 59, 14-1, 197, 22S. 

Newark, O., 202. 

New Baltimore, N. Y., 70. 

New Bediord, Mass., 122. 

New Brighton, S. I., 59. 

New Bkukswick, N. J., 146, 
197. 

New Buffalo. Mich., 236. 

Newburgh, N. Y., 67. 

Newburyport, Mass., 124. 

Newcastle (and Junction), Del., 
163. 

Newcastle, Pa., 210. 

New Durham, N. H.. 129. 

New Haven, Ct., 104, 107. 

New Lisbon, O. , 210. 

New London, Ct., 108, 114, 136, 
139. 

Newmarket Junction, N. H., 125. 

Newmarket, N. IL, 125. 

Neav Orleans, La., 193, 106. 
223, 239. 

Newport, Ky . 204. 

Newport, R. I., ill. 

Newport, Vt., 138, 140. 

Newton, N J., 228. 

New Yopk City, 4'2— Harbor, 43 
— Stieets, 47 — Museums, 48 — 
Libraries, 48— Public Galleries, 
48— Educational Institutions, 49 
— Monuments, 50— Antiquities, 
.^0— Churches, 51— Public Build- 
ings. 52— Commercial Buildings, 
^53— Private Dwellings. 54— Hotel 
Buildings (Hotels),54— Theatres, 



55— Churches for Service, 56— 
Public Grounds, 57— Ferries, 57 
—Street-Car Routes, ?8— Cen- 
tral Park, 60— Prospect Park, 
61 — Gri'enwoofl, 61a — Excur- 
sioi:s, &\b to 61/. 

Niagara Falls, 77, '789 242. 

Niagara (Village), N. Y.. 257. 

Niles, Cal., 273. 

Niles, Mich., 236. 

Norfolk, Va., 163 168. 

Norristown, Pa.. 160. 

North Adams, Mass., 140. 

North Bend, Neb., 268. 

North Platte, Neb., 269. 

Nor walk, Ct., 103. 

Norwich, Ct., 114, 136, 138>. 

O. 

Oak Hill, N. Y.. 68. 

Oakland, Cal, 273, 2T6a. 

Oakyill-e, Can., 241. 

Oberlin, O., 227. 

Ogallala, Neb, 269. 

Og den, Utah, 272, 275. 

Ogdensburgh, N. Y., 76, 244, 245 

258: 

Oil City, Pa., 201, 230. 

Oil Regions, Pa., 89, 201, 226. 230. 

Old Man of the Mountain, N. 11., 

141. 
Old Point Comfort, Va , 169. 
Oleopolis, Pa., 230. 
Omaha, Neb., 216, 223, 262, 26 5-. 

273. 
Ontonagon, Lalce Superior, 240. 
Orange Court House, Va., 183. 
Orange, N. J., 228. 
Oregon City, Oregon, 273. 
Orient, L. I., 61. 
Orleans, Island of. Can., 254. 
Oroville, Cal., 273. 
Orville, 0., 210. 
Osino, Nev., 272. 
Oswego. N. Y.. 76. 
Otsego Lake, N. Y., 74, 
Ottawa, Can , 243, 244, 250, 258. 
Ottumwa, Iowa, 262. 264. 
Overleok Mountain House, 67. 
Owatona, Minn., 238. 
Owego, N. Y., 88. 

P. 

Paducah (and Junction), Ky., 220 
PaiuesviUe, Pa, 226. 



INDEX. 



IX 



Palatine Bridge, N. Y., 74. 

PalisacleiNev.,272. 

Palisades, the Hudson, 63. 

Palmer, Mass., 106, 139. 

Palmyra, N. Y., 77. 

Panama, Cent. Amer., 273. 

Paradise, Idaho, 269. 

Paris, Can., 232. 

Parma, Mich., 235. 

Passaic Falls. 59, 84. 

Paterson, N, J., 58, 8 3. 

»awtucket, R. I., 110. 

.Pealis of Otter, Va., 195. 

Pekin, 111., 224. 

Pemberton, N. J., 150. 

Pfc^sacola, Fla., 192. 

Peoria, HI., 211,224,263. 

Pequop. Nev.,272, 

Percy, AVvo., 270. 

Perth Aniboy, N. J., 149. 

Peterboro, Can., 243. 

Petersburg, Ya.,' 189. 

Petrolia, Can,, 232. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 151-Streets. 
152— Public BailrtmiTS, 153— Au- 
tiquitie?, 154— Pablic Ground^, 
155— Fairmount. 155 — ceuteii- 
nial Grounds, 156 — Ch re ties, 
159 — Librai ies, 160 — Theatres, 
etc., 160— Hotels, 161— Route-^. to 
Places o! Interest, 161— Excur- 
sions, l61cZ— Navy Yard, IQld— 
Arsenals, I'Sld — Laurel Hill 
Cemetery, I6irf— The Wissahic-.k- 
on, 161«— Germantown, ISi^?— 
Valley Forj^e, '^c, 161/— Longer 
Excursions; \Q\q. 

Phihpsburg. N. J., 207. 

'?ictou, K. 8., 200. 

Pictured Rocks, Lake Superior, 
240. 

Piermont. N. Y., 63. 

Pike's PeaK, Col., 266. 

Pilot Knob., Mo., 221. 

Pino Bluff-. Neb., 270. 

Pinkham Notch, N. H., 131. 

PUhole (and Creek") Pa.. 230. 

Pittsburg, Pa,, 170, aoo. 202, 
226, 262. 

Pittstieid, Mass., 139. 

Pi'tston, Pa., 208, 229. 

Placerville, cal.-, 270. 

Plainfield, Ct . 115. 

Plamfleld N. J., 206. 

Plattsburpr, N. Y,, 99. 

Plum Creek, Neb., 269. 

Plymouth, Ind., 211. 



Plymoutn, Mas"., 122. 
Plymouth, N. II.. 138. 
Plymouth, Wis.. 238. 
Pointe-aux-Anglais, Can., 247, 
Point Levi, Can., 128, 251, 25i. 
Point of Rocks, Md., 170, 189. 
Point St. Charles, Caa., 249, 250. 
Pollard, Ala., 192. 
Pond Creek, 111., 263. 
Portage City. Wis , 237. 
Portage, N. Y., 89. 
Port Deposit, Md., 162. 
Port Hope, Can., 242. 
Port Huron, Midi., 234. 
Port Jervis, N. Y., 85. 
Portland, Me., 102, 126, 250, 

251, 253, 255. 
Portland, Oregon, 268, 273. 
Port Sarnia, Can , 232. 
Portsmouth, N. H., 125, 137. 
Portsmouth, Va., (Naval Depot)', 

169. 
Port Stanley, Can., 232. 
Potomac Falls, D. C, 183, 
Potosi, Mo., 221. 
Ponghkeepsic, N. Y., 67. 
Prairie du Chien, Wis., 215, 238- 

239. 
Prescott, Can.. 243, 245, 258. 
Princeton, N. J., 147. 
Profile House, N. H., 134, 189, 140, 

141. 
Promontory Point, Utah, 272. 
Providence, R. L, 109, 115. 
Pnt-in-Bay Islands, (Lake Erie), 

234. 
Putnam, Ct., 115. 



Quebec, Can., 128, 138, 250, 351, 

255, 256. 
Queenston, Can., 81, 257. 
Qdincy, 111 , 224, 263 

R. 

Racine, "Wis., 237. 

RahAvay, N. J., 14fi, 197. 

Raleigh, N. C, 189. 

Ramapo Gap and Valley, N. J., 

85. 
Ramsey, Minn., 238. 
Reading, Mass., 124. 
Reading, Pa., 197, 198, 20S, 209, 

229. 
Readville, Mass., 110, 



X 



INDEX, 



Ked Bant, S. J,, 59. 

lied AViiig, Minn., 23!). 

Pveno, iSTev., 27:i. 

Eenova, Pa., 230. 

Phinebeck, N, Y., 67. 

nice Lake, Can., 243. 

Pachniond, Can., 128, 251, 253, 255. 

Pachmoud, O., 204. 

P^iCHMOND, Va., 169, 183, 186, 
205. 

Eideau Falls, Can,, 244, 245. 

Ridgeway Junction. N. C, ISO. 

Biviere du Lonp, Can., 128, 251, 
253, 254, 256. 

Rochester, JST. H., 125, 129. 

Rochester, jST. T., 77. 

Rochester, Pa., 202, 210. 

Rockaway, K J., 2-28. 

Rockbiidjje Springs and Baths, 
Ya., IB'Je, 189/. 

Rock Island.lll ,225, 239,261,263. 

Rockland Lake. 63. 

Rome, N. Y., 76. 

Rondout, ISr, Y., 67. 

Rouse's Point, Vt., 100, 140, 
244, 250. 

Routes : 

No. 1.— Northern. New York to 
West Point, Catskill, Albany, 
Troy, Utica, Trenton Falls, Ro- 
chester and Niagara Falls — 62 
to 82. 
No. 2.— Northern. New York to 
Paterson, Upper Delaware, Up- 
per Susquehanna, Binghamton, 
Elmira, Buffalo and Niagara 
Falls (Erie Railway)— 83 to 90. 
No. 3 —Northern. New York to 
Albany, Saratoga, Lake George, 
Adirondack Mountains, Lake 
Champlain, Vermont cities, and 
Monireal— 9 1 to 103. 
No. 4.— Eastern. New York to 
New Haven, Hartford, Spring- 
field, Providence, Nt'wport, 
New London, Stonington and 
Boston (options)— 103 to 123. 
No. 5 — Eastern. Boston to Ports- 
mouth, Portland, White Moun- 
tains, Quebec, or Montreal— 124 
to 128. 
No. 6 — Northern and Eastern. 
Boston to Lake Winnepesankie, 
White Mountains, Portland and 
Canadian cities — 129 to 135. 
No. 7. — Northern and Eastern. 
New York to New London, 
Norwich, Worcester, New 
Hampshire cities, Lake Win- 



nepesankie and theWhiteMoun- 
tains— 136 to 143. 
No. 8. — Near Western New York 
to New Jersey cities and Phila- 
delphia— 144 to 161. 
No. 9. — Western and Southern. 
Philadelphia to AVilm'n (Del.), 
, Bait., Wash'n and Richm'd— 162 

to 188. 
No. 9 >g.— Special Virginian. Bait, 
or Wash'n to Virginia Springs, 
Mountains, &c., to Lynchburg 
and Richm'd— 189 to 189gr. 
No. 9%. — Western and South- 
western. Wash'n or Bait, to 
Cumberland, Graft'n and Wheel* 
ing and Cbicago and St. Louis. 
No. 10. — South- Western, Pdchm d 
to Kaleigh, Wilm'n (N. C), 
Charleston, Atlanta, ISIontg., 
Mobile and N. O— 189i to 19-i. 
No. 11.— South- Western. liich- 
moud to Lynchburg, Knoxville, 
Chattanooga, Afol)ile and ^'ew 
Orleans— 195 to 196. 
No. 11>2. — Southern. Richmond 
to Charleston or Savannah, and 
to Jacksonville, St. Ansustino 
and Floi ida Eesorts— 196«, 196?^. 
No. J 2. — Western. New York or 
Philadelphia to Haiiisburg, 
Pittsburg. Wheeling,Cohimbus, 
Cincinnati, St. Louis or Chica- 
go, (Penn. R.R.) 197 to 205. 
]vjo .13. — Western. New York to 
Plainfield, Somerville, Easton, 
Allentown, Harrisburg, Pitts- 
burg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, 
(Allentown Rnute)— 206 to 216. 
No. 14. — Western. Cincinnati to 
Louisville, Mammoth Cave of 
Ky., Nashville, Cairo, St. Louis, 
and Chicago- 217 to 225. 
No. 1.=).— Northern and Western. 
Buffalo to Erie, Cleveland, To- 
ledo and other Ohio cities, Cin- 
cinnati or Chicago — 226 to 227. 
■]So. 16.— Northern. New York or 
Phil a. to Dover, Morristown, 
Del. Water-Gap, Coal, Lumber 
and Oil Regions, &c.,— 228 to 230. 
No. 17.— Canadian and Western. 
Niagara Falls to St. Catherine's, 
Hamilton, Paris, London, Cana- 
da, Oil Regions, Detroit, Ann 
Arbor, Kalamazoo and Chica- 
go— 231 to 236. 
No. 18.~North-Western, Chicago 
to Racine, Milwaukee, Madison, 



INDEX, 



XL 



Prairie du Cliien, St. Paul, and 
Falls of Minnehaha and St. An- 
thony, (with optional return by 
the Mississippi or Lake Supe- 
rior)— 237 to 240. 

Ko. 19.— Canadian, Niagara Falls 
to St. Catherine's, Hamilton, 
Toronto, Kingston, Prescott, 
Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec and 
the Sagiienay River— 241 to 256. 

No, 20.— Canadian. Niagara Falls 
to Toronto, Kingston, Thousand 
Islands, Kapids of the St. Law- 
rence, Montreal and Quebec, by 
steamers •. and to Halifax, St. 
John, Fredericton, Windsor, 
Sidney, Shedlac, Charlotte- 
Town, Pictou and Bathurst. — 
257 to 2«0. 

No. 21.— Far Western, Chicago to 
Council Bluffs, Omaha, Chey- 
enne, Ogden Salt Lake City, Sa- 
cramento, San Francisco, the 
Big Trees, Yosemite Valley, &c. 
—261 to TiQj. 

Rupert, Pa., 229. 

Rutland, Vt.. 101, 140. 

Rje Beach, N. H., 125. 

S. 
Sacramento, Cal., 273, 211 Qa. 

Saginaw, Mich., 234. 

Saguenay River, Can., 255. 

Salamanca, Pa., 89, 226, 230. 

Salem, Mass., 122. 

Salem, 0., 210. 

Salisbury, Md., 163. 

Salmon Falls, N, H., 125. 

Salmon-Trout Lake, Can., 243. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, 216, 223, 
275, 276c?. 

San Antonio, Cal , 273. 

Sandusky, 0., 202, 205, 210, 227. 

Sandwich Islands, 273. 

Sandy Hook, 59. 

San Francisco, Cal., 273, 27 6«. 
—Streets, 276&.— Public Build- 
ings, 2766.— Churches, 2766.— 
Theatres, 2766.— Hotel!*, 2766.— 
Kxcuisjons, 276c —Lone Moun- 
tain Cenittery, 276c —Cliff House 
276c.— Mission Dolores, 276c.— 
Presidio and Fort Point, 276c.— 
Longer Excursions, 276c. 

San Jose, Cal., 273, 27 6a. 



San Luis, Cal., 273. 
San Quentin, Cal.. 273. 
Santa Barbara, Cal., 273. 
Santa Fe, NewMex., 266. 
Saranac Lakes, N. Y.. 100. 
Saratoga Springs. 91, 92, 140. 
Saucelito. Cal., 273. 
Sault St. Marie, 240. 
Savage, Mel., 171. 
Savannah, Ga., 190. 
Saybrook (and Junction), Ct., 108. 
Schenectady, N. Y., 74. 
Schooley's ilountain.N. J., 60.228. 
Schroon Lake, N. Y., 96 
Schuyler, Neb., 269. 
Scranton, Pa., 207, 208, 229. 
Seconnet (Point), R. I., 112. 
Sexton's Junction, Va , 186. 
Sharon Springs (route to), 74. 
Shasta (and Butte), Cal., 273. 
Shawangunk Mt., N. Y., 85. 
Shediac, N. B., 259. 
Shelbyville, Ky., 217. 
Sherbrooke. Can., 127. 
Sherman, Wyo., 270. 
Shohola. N. Y., 86. 
Sidney, C. B.,259. 
Sidney, Neb., 270. 
Silver City, Idaho, 269. 
Sing Sing, N. Y., 63. 
Sioux City, Iowa, 262, 264. 
Skowhegan, Me., 127. 
Sloatsburg, N. Y., 85. 
South Aniboy, N. J ., 149. 
South Bend, Ind., 227, 235, 
South Berwick Junction, Me., 125. 
South Pass, Wyo., 267. 
South Reading (Junction), Mass., 

124. 
South Trenton, N. Y,, 75. 
South Vernon, Vt., 140. 
Somerville, Mass., 122. 
Somerville, N. J., 207. 
Sonora, Cal.. 274. 
Sparta, Ky., 217. 
Spotswood, N. J., 149. 
Spkingfield, 111., 224, 227, 261, 

263, 
Springfield, Mass., 106. 
Springfield, 0,, from Xenia, 203. 
Staflbrd, Ct., 139. 
St. Albans, Vt., iDl, 244. 
Stamford, Ct.. 103^^ 
Stanhope, N, J., 528. 
St. Anne's, Can., 247, 254. 
Staumon, Va.. ima. " 
Stanstead, Can., 127. 



xii 



INDEX, 



St. Anthony (and Falls of), Minn., 

215, 239. 
Starruca Viaduct, N. Y., 87. 
Stateii Island, 59. 
Staunton, Va., 186, 195. 
St. Catharine's, Can., 231, 241. 
St. Clair River and Lake, 240. 
St. CloiKl.Miun., 239. 
Steubenvilie, 0., 202, 210. 
Stevenson, Ala , 219. 
St. Gre<?oive. Can., 251. 
St. Ilyacinthe, St. Brune, St, 

Hilaire, St. Lambert, Can., 128, 

250. 
St. John, Can., 100. 
St. John, N. B., 259. 
St. Joseph, Mo,, 223, 262, 264. 
St. Lawrence Rapids, 258. 
St. Lawrence River, 253. 
St. Louis, Mo., 194, 201, 205, 216, 

220, 221, 227, 239, 261, 263. 
St. Mary's, Can., 232. 
St. Mary's, Wyo . 270. 
Stockton, Cal . 273, 276g!, 276^. 
Stoniuston, Gt., 109, 115. 
Stouy Pouit. N. Y., 63. 
St. Paul Junction, Minn, 238. 
St. Paul, Minn., 215, 238, 262. 
St. Peter, Minn., 238, 239. 
Strasburg, Va., 183. 189c 
Stroud.sburg, Pa., 229. 
St. Thomas, Can., 254. 
Sturgis, Mich., 227. 
Stuyvesant, N. Y., 70. 
Suffero's, N. J , 84. 
Summit Station, Cal., 273. 
Summit, Va., 183. 
Sunbury, Pa., 199. • 
Susquehanna. N. Y., 87. 
Swarapscott, Mass., 122. 
Sweetwater Mining Region, Wyo., 

267. 
Syracuse, N. Y., 76. 

T. 

Tacfoussac, Can., 255, 
Tallahassee, Fla. 190. 
Tarrytown, N. Y., 63. 
Terre Haute, Ind., 205a. 
Thorold Can.. 231, 241 
Thousand Islands (and Lalie), St 

Lawrence River, 258. 
Three Rivers, Can., 128, 251. 
Throg's Neck, N. Y., 111. 
Thurso, Can., 246. 
Ticonderoga, N. Y., 98.. 



Tideaute, Pa., 230. 

Titusville, Pa., 230. 

Tiverton, R. L. 114. 

Toano, Nev., 272. 

Toledo, O., 203, 205, 210, 211, 218. 

227, 235. 240. 
Toliand, Ct.. 139. 
TOPEKA, Kas., 223, 264, 276W. 
Toronto. Can., 232, 241, 24J 

250, 257. 
Townsend. Md.,163, 
Towsontown, Md., 168. 
Trenton, Can., 243. 
Trenton Falls, 75. 
Trenton, N. J., 147, 150, 1S7. 
Troy, N. Y., 71. 
Truckee. Cal., 273, 276. 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., 196. 
Tyrone, Pa., 199. 

IT. 

Uintali, Utah, 271. 

Union City, Tenn., 220. 

Union College (Schenectady, K. 

Y), 74. 
Unionville, N. H., 129. 
University of Virginia, 183-. 
Urbana. 0., from Xema, 203. 
Utica, N. Y., 74. 

V. 

Valparaiso, 111., 211. 
Vandalia, Ind., 2056, 225. 
Venango.. Pa, 201. 
Victoria Bridge, Can., 249, 2B0. 
Vincennes, lud., 205, 220. 
Vineland. N.J,, 160. 
Virginia City, Nev., 269. 
Virginia, Nev. 268. 
Visalia, Cal., 273. 
Vallejo, Cal., 276a, 276fc. 

W, 

Wadsworth, Nev., 273. 

Walla Walla, Oregon, 26S. 

Wairingford, Ct., 105. 

V/altoD, Ky., 217. 

Wanatah, Ind., 211. 

Warrentou (and Junction), Va., 

183. 
Warsaw, Ind., 211. 224. 
Wasatch, Utah. 271. 
Washington, D, C, 1 72 ,201-Lo«.' 

cation, 172, 173— The Capito^ 



INDEX. 



xiii 



174— President's House, 178, 
—Patent Office, 178 — Depart- 
ments, 178, 179— Smithsonian 
Institute, 180— Public Grounds, 
180— Churclies, 181— Theatres, 
181— Hotels, 181 — Excursions, 
181— Soldiers' Home, 181— Navy 

' Yard. 181— Congressional Cem- 
etery. 181- Longer Excursions, 
181, 182. 

Washington Junction, D. C, 171. 

Washington, Iowa, 263. 

Washington (Junction). N. J., 228. 

Washington, N. J. 149. 

Washoe, Nev., 26&. 

Watierford. Ct., 108. 

Waterloo. Iowa, 261. 

Waterloo, Ind., 211. 

Waterloo, N. J., 228. 

Watertown, N. Y., 76, 243. 

Watkins Glen, N. Y., 88a. 

Waokegan, 111., 237. 

Waverley, Teun., 220. 

Waynesburg, Pa., 197. 

Weber Canon, (and Station and 
River), Utal\, 271. 

Webster, Mass., 115. 

Weir's Landing, N. H., 137. 

Weldon, N. C..188. 

Wells (and Humboldt W.) Nev., 
272. 

Wells*, Me., 125. 

Wells River, Vt., 101, 138, 140. 

Wenona, Mich., 234. 

Westerley, R. I.. 109, 

West Island, R; I., 112. 

West Libei ty, Iowa, 263. 

West Newton, Mats., 107. 

West Point, N. Y., 61, 62, 65., 

West Scarboro, Me., 135. 

Weyer's C;ivo, Va.. 189c, 1^9d. 

Wethersfield, Ct., 105. 

Wheeling, W. Va., 201, 210, 227. 

Whitehall, N. Y., lOl, 140. 

White House, Ya., ]88. 

White Mountain House, N. H., 
134. 

White Mountains. 125, 127, 130 to 
133, 137, 141 to 143. 

WUte Oak Bottom, Md., 171. 

White Pigeon. Mich.. 227. 

White Pine, Nev., 268. 

White River Junction, Vt., 102, 
138, 140. 

White Siilphnr Springe, V»., 18^ 
186. 189^,195. 

Wickfoxd, R. L, 109. 



Wilcox, Pa., 230. 

Wilkesbarre, Pa., 229. 

Willey House, N. H.,133. 

William-and-Mary College, Va., 
from Richmo ;d, 186. 

William's Bridge, N. Y.. 103. 

Williamsburg, Va., Irom Rich- 
mond, 186. 

Williamsport, Pa., 198, 229, 

Willimantic, Ct.. 139. 

Wilmington, Del., 163, 197. 

Wilmington Junction, Mass., 124. 

Wilmington, N C, 1S8, 189, 

Wilton, Iowa, 263. 

Winchester, Va., 183, 1895, 

Windsor (and Locks), Ct., 105. 

Windsor, Can., 233. 

Windsor, N. S., 259. 

Windsor, Vt., 140. 

Winneraucca, Nev., 272. 

AVoiiboro, N, H., 129, 138. 

Worcester, Mass., 106,, 115, 
136. 

Wyandotte, Kas , 264. 

Wyoming, Nev., 269. 



Xenia, O., 203. 



X. 



Y. 



Yale College, 104. 

Yarmouth Junction, N. H., 102, 

127. 
Yarmouth, Mass., 122. 
Yonkers, N. Y., 63. 
Y^ork, Pa., 198. 
Y'^orktown, Va., from Richmond, 

186. 
Yo Semite Valley, Cal., 276a, 276i 
Y'psilanti, Mich., 234. 

Z. 

ZanesviUe, O., 202, 210, 227. 



The Short-Tfip Guide to kerica, 



COST AND TIME OF SHORT AMERIGAN TRIPS. 

Several important questions are involved, with 
Europeans, and especially with Englishmen, in the 
calculations preceding a trip to America: so that 
IVJiether to go ? precedes the corresponding queries, 
Ifoio to go ? and Where to go 9 The distance is 
known to be great, between the Old and New 
Worlds, though it is really only about one-eighth of 
that around the globe. 

With many men Time is the great object, and 
the want of it the great hindrance ; though they 
may annually spend quite as much of it as would 
be necessary for a Summer tour across the Atlantic, 
in lingering about home watering-places and sea- 
shore resorts, re-visitmg the often-seen Lake Coun- 
try, the Welsh, Irish and Scottish Mountains, etc., 
or repeating old experiences on the Rhine, among 
the Swiss Alps or the Pyrenees. This, too, at a time 
when the great Continent of the West has been made 
so much more broadly accessible, and so much more 
closely linked to that of Europe, by the Pacific Eail- 
road, the Atlantic Cable, and other enterprises — 
when the late great civil war in the United States 



,8 SHOBT-TEIP GUIDE 

has necessarily left many fields worth visiting and 
relics "worth gathering — and when steam- transit 
between the two Continents has become so rapid 
and reliable that tlie ocean-passage is little more 
than that of a ferry. This false idea of Time is, as 
already said, the bugbear which hinders many of 
those who have comparatively -liberal means and a 
fair proportion of leisure; but with a far greater 
number of those who love Nature in her varying 
moods and wide differences, and who desire to see 
the different peoples of the world, at home, — Money 
is the anxiety, the want of it the hindrance, and the 
belief that a mint is necessary for anything in the 
shape of transatlantic travel, the great bugbear which 
confines them to one continent. 

A large proportion of this is a mistake, originally 
induced by want of intelligent inquiry, and material- 
ly added to by the exaggerations, not to call them 
falsehoods, of some of those who have been over the 
desired routes. While "going to America" was 
principally confined to the wealthy few or those 
driven by business demands, it was at once an easy 
and a tempting thing to do, to add to the supposed 
importance of what had been done, by overstating 
the cost as v/ell as enlarging on the personal adven- 
'ture and peril ; and, truth to say, the habit has not yet 
quite died out, now, when the many follow in the track 
of the few and detection is so much easier. Many a 
man, of quite the average integrity, but who supplies 
{as he believes) the center at home of an admiring 



COST AND TIME OF TFdPS. 9 

circle, not many members of whicli are likely to fol- 
low him abroad — cannot resist the temptation to 
show, when he returns, that he has been doing, in 
the way of cost, what they had better not attempt if 
they do not wish to fail miserably ; and it is just 
possible that there have been members of the oppo- 
site sex, guilty of adding to the misunderstanding 
by corresponding exaggerations of their own eleva- 
tion above the uutraveled, and, consequently, the 
easily-deceived. 

Travelers tel " travelers' stories/' in a pecuniaiy 
as well as an adventurous point of view: that is the 
truth, briefly stated; and those stories frighten away 
many who would else enlarge their knowledge of 
life by seeing other continents than their own. 

'^aVf it is the fact that the European can spend 
much money in America, within a very brief period 
and without going over any wonderful space, if he 
will; just as in travels on the Continent, years ago, 
the average Englishman spent twice as much, under 
the same circumstances, as any man of any other 
nation, creating in different minds the impression 
of his being a " prince " and a " fool " — until the 
American became first his rival and then his ad- 
mitted superior, in the detail of lavish and tasteless 
expenditure, and the Englishman who made any 
pretensions to common sense, taking a lesson from 
the example, comparatively abandoned the field of 
extravagance. The lavish and the reckless may still 
pave their very way with gold^ if they will — as evi- 



10 SH0B2-TBIP GUIDE. 

denced by the fact that a certain well-known Eng- 
lishman, spending less than three months in the 
United States, drew upon his London bankers 
during his absence, for nearly ^£3,000 : the expend- 
iture all the more notable, because the tourist, a 
markedly free liver and entertainer, made no pur- 
chases of consequence for preservation, did not play, 
and never indulged in what are called the " costly 
vices." Others have followed, in different approxi- 
mations, ranging between £300 and ^£800 the month 
of absence; though it is to the credit of the national 
wisdom, to say that these instances of what must be 
considered wasteful expenditure for any one not in 
possession of a princely patrimony or a great bank- 
ing-house, are somewhat rare. 

So much for what may be spent in very brief 
tours, by those who can afford plenty of money, or 
think that they can do so : now for what may be 
saved, or rather for the question upon how little 
these brief tours may really be made, without dis- 
eomfort or painful compromise of position. 

Even in the steerage, on some of the best-appoint- 
ed lines, passages may be made with much less dis- 
comfort than most stay-at-home people suppose; and 
it is not at all certain that thousands of hardy per- 
sons, limited in means, who spend the requisite 
amounts of time and money on very questionable 
home-amusements, approaching to vices, might not 
do well to tempt a little ru;^ged life in the forward 
parts of the ships that carry over their wealthy 



COST AND TIME OF TRIPS. 11 

brothers in the saloon-cabins. For on the best 
lines the discomforts, inconveniences and unhealth- 
iness of steerage-passage, have all been materially 
ameliorated within the past three or four years : the 
sleeping accommodations on many of them are en- 
durable if no more ; the food is almost always plen- 
tiful and generally excellent; the amount of amuse- 
ment enjoj^ed is always greater than that attainable 
by the better-lodged people at the stern ; and the 
safety to person is necessarily the same except under 
.circumstances of gross carelessness. 

Let us see, for the benefit of those very limited 
in means and still desirous to see a little fragment 
of the New World — what would be the absolute cost 
of doing what emigrants of both sexes and all coun- 
tries very often do for the sake of spending a few 
days with friends in the places of nativity. Say that 
six weeks' time is attainable, and let the cost of that 
six weeks be measured as carefully and yet as liber- 
ally as possible. 

Steerage passage to New York, £Q> 10s. — return, 
^6 10s. ; total, £13. Time not on board ship, about 
three weeks; board, for that time, average of £1 15s. 
per week, £5 5s. Expenses of sight-seeing about 
New York, Boston and Philadelphia, with convey- 
ance to each, during that period, i£5. Occasional 
necessary conveyance, the feet being principally 
trusted to, £3. Incidental expenses, liberally cal- 
culated, £L Total, £32. £10 to £12 more would 
enable the cheap tourist to visit Niagara Falls, 



13 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

greatest of American natural curiosities, and see at 
least one or two cities of the Queen's dominions in 
Canada. Grand total, with that included, £42 to 
£45; with a certainty that any economical person, 
in good health and temper, could come v/ithin the 
smaller sum named, and even reduce it, without 
other inconvenience than carefully adhering to the 
cheaper rates of conveyance corresponding to that of 
the ocean transit. 

How many comparatively-poor men ara there with 
longing and hopeless desires after seeing other coun- 
tries than their own, who never make any calcula- 
tion or effort to such an end, and yet who could and 
would compass it if they fairly understood the com- 
parative trifle for which so much might be enjoyed ! 

One of the greatest of American travelers, Mr. 
Bayard Taylor, made his first European excursion 
under cu'cumstances quite as illiberal as anything 
here indicated — "did" Great Britain and a very con- 
siderable portion of the Continent on foot, except 
Tfith rare instances of rifling, and remained abroad 
something like two years, his whole expenditure 
being only about $500 (say £105), and the fortunate 
result of his travel tl^at successful volume " Yiews- 
a-foot; or, Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff," 
And it is very doubtful whether in any portion of 
his later experience, in all descriptions of traveling 
"state," up to that of Secretar}'' of Legation at St. 
Petersburg, he has ever enjoyed his wanderings bet- 
ter than when making that first essay as a poor 



COST AJSfD TIME OF TRIPS. 13 

boy. As a pleasant pendant to which, the "writer 
recalls having met, not many months ago, in the 
streets of New York, an English workman from 
/Sheffield, spending a little of his moderate surplus- 
earnings in seeing what he called " a tidy bit of the 
New "World," and one of the most intelligent of 
travelers on many subjects of interest and enquiry 
— whose expenditure, as given by himself, would 
not reach within ten per cent, of the figures above 
given, while he was healthy, happy and entirely 
comfortable in what his saving expenditure allowed 
him to secure and enjoy. 

But the figures already given represent, of course, 
the minimum possibility of travel in any desirable 
part of America, compatible with even the decencies 
of life, without too many of its comforts; and, it is, 
equally of course, with that class of people standing 
midway between the possible steerage-passenger and 
the traveler en prince, that we have next and princi- 
pally to do. The most important question of this 
paper is — What need he the expenses and the time 
consumed for a certain round, of a traveler going 
first-class and demanding all the comforts^ and yet 
indisposed to waste money on costly luxuries ? 

To answer that question, then, as intelligibly as 
may be consistent with brevity. 

For six to seven weeks' absence from home, visit- 
ing New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
"Washington, one or two of the most noted water- 
ing-places, Niagara Falls, and one or two of the cities 
of Canada — only 



14 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Ticket to New York and return, £36 to £60 — say 
an average of £48, for which, all necessary comfort 
and quite sufficient " style" can be secured. Average 
board of the three weeks off-ship, £3 to £4 per week 
— say £10 10s. Traveling expenses, railway and 
carriage fares, etc., £30. Maps, pictures, curio- 
sities, etc., (not at all necessary, but inevitable), 
£10. Incidental expenses, for which no name can 
be given ; money to guides, beggars, stewards and 
servants; money lost and wasted, with an occasional 
indulgence in a luxury, not including costly wines 
or " society," gambling or other vices — £15. Total, 
£113 10s- £12 to £15 or possibly £18, may easily 
be saved from this, by a very careful person, leaving 
the expenditure about £100; and a person at all the 
reverse of careful may quite as easily add a corres- 
ponding sum, making the expenditure, with tio 
greater amount of travel or sight-seeing, £125 to 
£130, 

For ten weeks' absence, an estimate of £50 addi- 
tional may safely be made, bringing the total outlay 
up to say £160 10s; and this will secure, in addition 
to the round already named, an extension of the 
tour through the "White and Green Mountains of 
the north-east, with Saratoga, Lake George, and 
Lake "Winnepisaukie; or it will add the great Coal 
Regions of Pennsylvania, Cincinnati, and other 
cities of Ohio, with Chicago, and glimpses of the 
Mississippi and the Great Lakes. 

For three months' (thirteen or fourteen weeks) 



COST AND TIME OF TBIPS. 15 

absence, another i250 may "be added, bringing the 
amount up to say £200 or £210; and with this all 
the foregoing may be done, -with the addition of the 
" North-West,'' now found in the States bordering 
the Upper Missouri, with the Lake Superior region, 
and a much more extended visit to the cities of 
Canada, and the natural curiosities of the Domin- 
ion; or, it will enable the tourist (if the season 
should be a proper one for Southern travel) to go 
southward from Washington to Eichmond, Charles- 
ton, Savannah and New Orleans, with their inter- 
mediate towns and a general view of what is 
technically known in. the United States as "the 
South." 

Four months will add to this £50 to £00 of| ex- 
penditure, bringing up the outlay to £200 or £280, 
and permitting the pursuance of some of the routes 
named, more at leisure, as well as the addition of 
others of the watering-places, if the visit is paid in 
the proper season. And within the same time may 
even be managed a run over the Pacific Railroad, to 
Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and the great natural 
curiosities of California, with a view of the Pacific 
— though five months would be a more rational cal- 
culation for the whole time of absence. "With the 
California route added, the expenditure will be 
found materially increased from all the previous cal- 
culations — say £100 additional for that alone; the 
amount necessary for the four-to-live-months trip, 
with Pacific excursion crowning it, being some- 
where within the range from £360 to £380 or £400, 



16 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

and half of the continent travelled over in that time 
and at that cost. 

At this point the phrase "short-trip" may be 
said to be exhausted; for only people of liberal 
means and abundant leisure are likely to go far 
beyond in any one visit, and to them these calcula- 
tions possess only limited interest; though even 
they may find a certain advantage in bestowing that 
sHght amount of study on the subject, necessary to 
secure a proper knowledge of time to be spent and 
money used to the best purpose. 



PREPARATIONS FOR THE TRIP TO AMERICA. 

The following paper, like some of the others to 
come after it, is especially intended for those who 
have never before crossed the Atlantic; and, conse- 
quently, some of the advice tendered in it may seem 
very primitive to those who have already taken 
their degree, however low a one, in the academy of 
traveling experience. The suggestion may prop- 
erly be added, however, that even some of those 
who have taken that degree may find themselves 
none the worse for reading over these hints, even if 
they do so to dissent from them. An apology may 
need to be made, too, for the direct and conversa- 
tional style adopted in this and some other papers : 
the aim of the writer is, in this regard, to come as 
near as possible to the words and manner that 
would be used in a personal conversation, with one 
of the parties doing much more than half of the 
talking. 

It may be proper, too, with reference to this paper 
and those succeeding, to say that the writer speaks 
almost entirely from personal experience — and that 
where that experience has failed, it has been eked 
out, not often through the means of books, but 
from the personal hints and relations of frequent 
and experienced travelers. For himself, the writer, 



18 SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 

in repeated and extended travel on both continents, 
has made, first and last, nearly all the mistakes 
against which in the present instance he attempts 
to guard others, and felt the necessity for some in- 
struction like that which he now endeavors to im- 
part, on almost every point touched upon. So much 
said, the promise of the paper must be kept, in a 
brief but comprehensive list of rules connected with 
the preparation for transatlantic voyages, and es- 
pecially for those first voyages which more or less 
imitate Columbus. 

1st. Decide whether you can afford time and 
money to go at all, taking into consideration the 
before-urged opportunities for economy. Also, de- 
cide whether, in going, you leave too much of anx- 
iety, personal or pecuniary, for fair enjoyment; for 
there is an old adage about the absentee who. " drags 
with each remove a lengthening chain," and thera 
are not charms enough, even in the natural scenery 
and odd character-studies of the New World, to 
make such a trip "pay," when the heart or the busi- 
ness-powers must be left at home. So much decided, 
and in the affirmative, then 

2nd. Having made up your mind, stick to the 
resolution. Arrange your time of going, and make 
everything work to accommodate that — not leave 
that to accommodate itself to everything. Gener- 
ally, in this as in everything else in life, too long 
anticipation is not the healthiest or the most profit- 
able, and a voyage not canvassed over for five years 



PREPARATIONS. 19 

in advance is likely to yield more pleasure than one 
submitted to that length of speculation. Above all 
things never boast that you are going, when you 
feave merely ^/iow(//i^ of going Sindi made no definite 
decision; as unpleasant consequences may often re- 
'^ult, in the event of the projected voyage being 
abandoned, and the suspicion may sometimes creep 
into the minds of acquaintances, either that there 
was "bounce" in the original statement, or that 
some heart-failure at the last moment has induced 
the abandonment. 

3d. Having resolved upon time of going and 
probable duration of trip, and selected the line of 
steamers by which the outward voyage is to be 
made, do not permit the paltry folly of wishing to 
keep a certain number of pounds for a few days 
longer in pocket, to prevent the early taking of a 
passage. The best state-rooms of any fa', orite steam- 
ship are likely to be first taken up; and even in the 
event of any unexpected hindrance occurring, there 
is rarely any difficulty in disposing of a well-located 
berth, while most of the companies, at any time be- 
fore the "eleventh hour," will transfer the pass:n- 
ger from one steamer to a later one, if a change of 
time is all the deviation from the original plan 
rendered necessary. 

4th. If suddenly-occurring events happen to 
have changed the calculation in the other direction, 
and the plan of going is formed almost at the very 
moment wheoi some favorite steamer is about to 



20 SEOBI-TBIP GUIDE. 

sail, never heed the stories so likely to be told, that 
"the steamer is full and you cannot get a place!" 
There is nearly always room for "one passenger 
more," as there is in most land convey^m es ; and 
if the worst comes to the worst, it is a very rare casa 
when some of the officers of the ship cannot be 
found ready to give np a room for the run, at the 
inducement of no-very-large addition to the price of 
the passage^ticket. These are suggestions for ex- 
treme cases, however : as before said, passage had 
much better be taken early, whenever possible, for 
reasons ah^eady stated or about to be. 

5th. In selecting berths, when a good opportu- 
nity for choice remains, always aim to get as near 
as possible to the midships of the vessel — a consid- 
eration of not much consoquence to old voyagei's 
with strong nerves, but of great importance to 
landsmen, as every fojt of distance from the waist 
iacreases the amount of motion in a heavy sea; and 
not only is the danger of sea-sickness less amid- 
ships, but the chances of having sleep broken by 
the "pitch" of a "head" or "following" sea are 
proportion ably decreased when so located. The 
same principle applies, in a less degree, to the 
question of outside or inside rooms (those inside or 
outside of the alleyways). There is much less effect 
from the " roll," in a " beam " sea, for those occupy- 
ing inner berths ; but there is always much les8 
light for reading or any ot ler purpose, arid the one 
Advantage will probably balance the other, except 



PMBPARA2I0NS. %l 

in wintes' passages, when the inner rooms are alto- 
gether preferable. 

6th. Kg guide-book, until veryla'ely, ever con* 
tain ed a hint of the advice to be embodied in this 
paragraph; and yet there is no word of counsel, of 
the whole, more important. Unless that miserable 
being, a "man of letters," and thus compelled to be 
always reading — there are few intending voyagers, 
male or female, who will not be the better for a lit- 
tle "readiug up" as to any country about to be 
visitecL A fresh glance at the Atlas, to see how the 
different sections lie and the relation which they 
bear to each other, is almost indispensable, even to 
some of us who flitter ourselves (before we think 
the second time) that we learned our geography in 
early life, and have kept pretty well up with it ever 
since. This rule, as already hinted, applies to travel 
and to travelers in all countries, but to no othor 
geographical division of the earth's surface with the 
same force as to the New World, and especially to 
that covered by the Great Hepublic of the West, 
where change seems the rule, and where the altera- 
tions of boundaries and names, within the past few 
years, have been almost as startling as those effected 
in political status and society. Upon the relative 
positions of different States, the names of their 
capitals and chief cities, their rivers and natural 
wonders, and even their commercial and industrial 
features, it is exceedingly profitable to be as well as 
possible freshened in advance; and the s^me remark 



22 SHOETTPdP GUIDE. 

obviously applies with equal force to tlie main facts 
of history and the more important points in estab- 
lished or current literature. And to the latter sug- 
gestion a few words of particulars may be added. 
Exactly as a man from the New World would find 
more than half his possible pleasure lacking, visit- 
ing Great Britain without possessing any compre- 
hensive knowledge of Shakspeare, Scott, Burns, 
Thackeray, Moore, Tennyson, etc., or France with, 
no acquaintance with Bousseau, Voltaire, Lamarline, 
Beranger, Victor Hugo, Dumas, etc. — :-o the visitor 
from the Old "World to the New must be lacking in 
many of the opportunities for observation, social 
life and popularity, M'ho fails to know something of 
Cooper, Irving, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whittier, 
Bret Harte, Mark Twain, and (especially for New 
England travel) Holmes, Emerson and LowelL 

7th. Another " rubbing up" is advisable though 
not absolutely indispensable. Thousands of ques- 
tions about native land, its physical appearance, 
wealth, working of government, industrial aspects, 
etc., are constantly asked of all persons on their 
travels, supposed to be of the average iutellit:»ence, 
by foreigners whom they chance to meet; and it is 
decidedly pleasant as well as proper, not to be three 
or four thousand mi.es from home, u^iable to answer 
the simplest questions with reference to things oc- 
curring at our own doors. The more we know about 
our own land, the more intelligent and agreeable 
travelers we shall make; and,, in this connection^ 



PREPARATIONS. 2^ 

8th. Throw overboard two false inipressions, to- 
gether, before leaving Emrope. Overboard with the 
idea, at once, tbat the land you are leaving is better 
than all others in every regard, so that nothing can 
be learned abroad: and with it give the go-by to 
the alternative impression that you have nothing 
worth asserting and even boasting about, aad that 
what you are to leara abroad will stand in place of 
the preAdous experience and pride of a life. Each 
of the leading European countries possesses, at this 
day, many things uneqoaled by the rest of the world 
and matters of legitimate pnde to her citizens; but 
she is almost equally sure to have errors and defi- 
ciencies which may well be corrected by observa- 
tions among other, if not necessarily wiser, people. 
Every tourist going abroad should carry with h m 
all practical knowledge of his own land, and all 
well-founded pride, in it; and, at the same time, he 
shouJ.d travel witii eyes and ears open and powder to 
divest himself of ridiculous national vain-glory pre- 
judicially shutting away all beyond. 

And now to a few minor particulars belonging to 
the very eve of starting, and still important enough 
to deserve place and number: 

9th. Start with a confident expectation of return- 
ing, and yet leave proper ty-inierests d .«posed of as 
if no return was likely to be made. There is really 
Lss danger, in a given number of day-, in going 
over-sea than in most railway-travel; but absences 
thus involved are necessarily much longer and de- 



S4 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE.. 

mand additional forethouglit in at least one or two 
particulars. " No man dies the sooner for making 
his will/' tbey say; and certainly no man travels 
less comfortably for leaving affairs at ho^me in such 
a shape, that, if he does not return, his absence will 
cause the least possible inconvenience to those left 
behind. And, in this connection, again, 

10th. There is nothing wiser for the departing 
"family-man," whatever the status of those depend- 
ent upon him, than an investnaent in a moderate 
life-assitrance, with an additional assurance against 
accident. Nothing of an ear'hly character (the re- 
ligious questions will naturally suggest themselves) 
adds more comfort in a storm at sea, or danger in 
some distant land, than the rejection that there 
would be, at least, one benefit from the risk ter- 
minating unfavorably: the dear ones at home would 
he pecuniarily the gainers by it. 

11th. Arrange baggage compactly,, and not too 
extensively. For each person (male — the ladies 
will make rules for themselves, applying what hints 
may chance to suit them) — one stout leather or 
wood-and-leather trunk of 3^0 to 86 inches by 16 to 
20 inches, and one convenient valise for carrying in 
the hand, are alwaj^s sufficient, for anything less 
than cairying over the whole personal effects with 
a vieAv to residence. The trunk for deposit in the 
gretit cities, in the event of expecting to return 
along the same line — if not, unavoidably to be car- 
ried &Qug. The vahse for short excursions from 



Preparations. 25 

liose great centers haviDg this advantage — tliat it 
can be carried in the railway-carriage or cab, while 
the trunk must be looked after, with trouble and 
expense. Both trunk and valise should be plainly 
marked with name and residence— initials not al- 
ways enough for either safety or convenience. If 
the trunk is small enough, for the sea-voyage, to find 
place in the state-room, all the better; if not, care 
must be taken that, before it goes into the hold, all 
articles are taken out from it that will be needed 
before landing on the other side. The valise will 
always find place in the state-room, of course. And 
this brings 

12th. The important question of Clothing, with 
reference to which a few general suggestions may 
be found valuable. The point of view here taken is 
especially for the male sex, but the female will find 
it easily varied to their requirements. For crossing 
the North Atlantic, to return in two or three months, 
the fir-t requirement is a suit of thick clothes, so old 
and valueless that one can lounge upon the deck in 
them, with no fear of damage. (Dandyism is at a 
discount at sea — a lesson quickly and surely learn- 
ed.) Clothing thick, because sea au' is nearly always 
damp, and generally cold. Then as thick an over- 
coat and gloves as can well be procured, the use of 
which will become patent, either off the Irish coast 
or among the fogs and possible icebergs of the 
Banks of Newfoundland. A thick blanket, rug, or 
heavy robe, to make lounging upon deck the easier 



20 SEOBITEIP GUIDE. 

and warmer. For summer travel in iiie Nortliern, 
Middle and Western States, or Canada, a neat travel- 
ing-suit of Melton, with one of flannel for proceed- 
ing further southward, and for very hot weather in 
even the States named. A summer-overcoat or 
wrap of Yv^aterproof Melton or aqua-scutum — not so 
regularly or often needed as in the British Islands, 
but indispensable. Heavy-wool under-clothing for 
sea use, with courage enough to double it if neces- 
sary ; for American hot weather, on land, lighter 
under-clothing of merino, silk, or zephyr. A dress- 
suit, if entrance into "society" is intended, or if 
there is plenty of room in the trunks ; as clothing 
is ■ somewhat high in America, while exceptionally 
tasteful and well made — though, candidly, in hurried 
trips of this character, the traveling-suit is seldom 
shaken off. Figured or colored-wool overshirts, with 
high throat, collar and wristbands, for time at sea, or 
for any temporary "camping-out" or " roughing-it " 
among w^oods or mountsiins. Plenty of linen and 
white goods, to avoid being at the n>3r3y of the 
washerwoman at times of sudden transit, and be- 
cause all these, as well as all hosiery and under- 
clotliinjf, cost more in the United States than in 
England. Stout-soled shoes — of calf, best. Low- 
crowned tourist-hat, of felt (dress-hat to be bought, 
if necessary); umbrella, of late years almost as in- 
dispensable on the western side of the Atlantic 
as the eastern ; a good opera-glass, necessary for 
catching views rapidly and correctly, both by sea 



PREP A RA TIOjYS. 27 

and land, and more convenient if not too large for 
tlie pocket and not necessitating the prononce strap. 

IStli. Make sucli arrangements, if possible, that a 
little longer absence than that contemplated will not 
work seri Jiis business or other inconvenience, as the 
best calculator cannot always be quite sure of non- 
detention through some influence or action beyond 
himself. 

14th. Arrange (as before suggested) to take a lit- 
tle more money abroad than is supposed to be neces- 
sary for either time or distance; but 

15th. Carry in actual money, (English gold, or 
Bank of England notes, with a trifle of silver) only 
S3 much as will pay expenses on ship-board and last 
during the few days that may happen to elapse be- 
fore reaching the point at which the first draft is 
made payable. All beyond this should be taken 
either in bills-of-exchange on bankers in one or 
more of the more iniportant cities to be visited, or 
in circular lelters-of-credit to corresponding houses 
in those cities. It is scarcely necessary to say that 
only the very first-class of banking houses, at home, 
should be dealt with, in procuring exchacge or let- 
ters-of-credit, if the painful possibility of finding 
oneself abroad without f ands, is to be avoided. 

16th. Take some letters of introduction, when 
tendered, and to the right persons; but depend very 
little upon them, except in some business point of 
view. The fact is that, without any discourtesy to 
givers being intended, letters of introduction go for 



S8 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 

less ill America and secure less consideration addi- 
tional to the deportment and standing of the bearer, 
than in any other part of the civilized globe : and 
they should be understood and rated accordingly. 
Added to whicli may be set down that in no other 
country is the best society of any given region so ac- 
cessible, the letter of introduction being thus ren- 
dei*ed little else than commercial or useless. 

17th . Avoid attempting to carry over, among bag- 
gage, anythi'ig that can be construed as beyond ne- 
cessary personal use, as the American administration 
of the customs, of late years, is stringent to oppres- 
siveness, and a misunderstanding on that point may 
be more easily avoided than removed. (Articles 
most watched for and guarded against are clothing, 
[new and in undue quantity,] silks, linens, laces, 
watches, jewelry and precious stones). 

18th. Create as little impression as possible, on 
the verge of departure, of feeling that some event, 
moving half the world, is taking place in your jfirst 
leaving your native land. A sea- voyage, now, no fur- 
ther than America, is about equivalent to a trip from 
London to Edinburgh or Dundee, fifteen years ago 
— and not much more than was the transit across 
the channel to France, at the distance back of thirty 
or fifty years; and the observing world is generally 
coming to regard it in that light. 

19th and last. If possible, go on board before the 
last moment of sailing, and have any heavy luggage 
on board even earlier. Also, if possible, make any 



PREPARATIONS. 2^ 

extended tender farewells earlier and elsewliere than 
on the crowded dt^ck of a steamer, at the last mo- 
ment, when eyeryhodj is in the way of everybody 
else, when the officers naturally wish to throw over- 
board all the whiners, and when there is a probabil- 
ity of the grief af departure being added to by the 
worry of having wife, sister, child or friend tumbled 
into the river at the landing-stage, or dropped over 
between tender and steamer as the two separate. 



WHAT TO DO AND AyOlD ON SHIPBOARD, 

The advice in this paper, too, will be set down di- 
dactically, and much of it will be considered as very 
elementary by those who have once or oftener cross- 
ed the Atlantic. In the meantime, not even to some 
of them will the maxims be found unprofitable, if 
attended to — judging by the very large number of 
habitual travelers who seem to happen upon the 
very conditions of discomfort and imprudence, as if 
Geeking them. 

1st. Perhaps the first condition of comfort in a 
Bea-voyage, is to avoid making up the mind as to 
any positive time at ^\hich the voyage must be con- 
cluded. To look across the three thousand miles of 
the Atlantic, and think over the days necessary to 
traverse it, even on the swiftest vessel, is rather dis- 
couraging than the reverse, to people of rapid 
thought and active habit; but by simply avoiding 
any definite calculation, and considering the ship 
and her officers and crew as doiDg their "day's 
work," the amount of impatience may be very con- 
siderably reduced. Creeping ahead a little every 
day, the whole voyage will soon be accomplished : 
that is enough to know and enough to feel, no mat- 
ter what anxieties may be at the end. 

2d. Perhaps the next desideratum is to avoid any 



OiV SEIPBOARI). 31 

considerable anxiety as to tlie voyage "being a pros- 
perous one, by first remembering that more than an 
linndred runs are made without a single accident, 
and more than five hundred without the total loss 
of a vessel — and then falling back upon that pleas- 
ant recollection that you have not the a:5'air in 
charge, any way — that (Providence over all, and al- 
ways to be remembered, of course,) the officers and 
crew of the ship have their duty to do and are very 
hkely to do it, for the sake of their own lives and 
the property committed to their skill. It may be 
straining a point, perhaps, bat there is really some 
philosophy in getting into the state of mind of 
the droll fellv.w who demonstrated to one of the 
" anxious," in a storm at sea, that, having paid their 
passage, and the company having consequently con- 
tracted to take them across, the question of the 
ship's foundering was really something with which 
they (the passengers; had nothing to do ! This may 
not have much reassured the frightened man, but it 
certainly silenced him ; and there no doabt was 
more than a grain of earnest in the old trave er's 
philosophy of remembering that he did not deer the 
ship, as there was undoubtedly comfortable indo- 
lence in it. 

3d. It is not wise to expect too much on ship- 
board, either in the way of luxury, or even of positive 
comfort. Ships, at the laigest, are small as com- 
pared with hotels, and at the steadiest are "shaky," 
as compared to private dv^ellings, except when the 



S2 SROBTTUIP OXTIDE. 

latter have tlie rarity of earthquakes to throw them 
off the peri3eiidieular. Plenty of good food, respect- 
able though confined sleeping-quarters, and attend* 
ance fair, but by no means that of a first-class hotel 
' — these are all that ought to be expected; and a very 
little philosophy makes them enough. It has before 
been said that *' dandyism is at a discount, at sea ; '* 
so is, or ought to be, finicldness. What if neither 
shaving, nor dressing, nor any of the other ojSices of 
civihzed life, can be done quite as well as at home ? 
Kobody notices whether they are scrupmiously per- 
formed, or not ; and some of the neatest of men 
when on shore, when they have become old travel- 
ers, consent to be slovenly for those few days with- 
out serious suffering. The golden rule, on going to 
sea, is : JSxpect very Utile, and he prepared to heat 
good-humoredly icith it ^ then, if "all the modern 
conveniences" should happen to present themselves, 
as is not at all likely, they will afford double en- 
joyment, and the want of them will not entail 
misery, 

4th. Determine to be as jolly as health will allow, 
and as companionable as is at all consistent with the 
temperament. Join in all practical harmless amuse- 
ments and exercises, with the result of making your 
own days less tedious, and producing the same 
effect on those of others. One jolly fellow, some- 
times, seems to leaven up a whole ship-load ; one or 
two glum faces act like a wet-blanket on all con- 
cerned. There is a comradery in sea-going, scarcely 



OK SHIPBOARD. 33 

second to that of the army ; and some of the pleas- 
antest friendships of years originate on the deck 
filled with comparative strangers. Quoits, shovel- 
board, chess, draughts, backgammon, social games 
at cards, all these supply amusement to those who 
will take part in them ; and there is room for any 
amount of table sociability at meals, not marred but 
rather increased by the little accidents to which 
breakfasting or dining in rough weather is certainly 
subject. 

5th. Make friends, early, with the captain and 
other officers of the ship, so far as they will permit ; 
but take no liberties with them, and carefully avoid 
compromising ajy one of them who may have shown 
any peculiar fayor, by speaking of it to others of the 
ship's company or passengers. Strictly observe those 
cardinal rules which forbid going upon the bridge, 
talking with the officers when on duty, or distract- 
ing the attention of the quarter-masters at the 
wheel. Avoid getting in the way of the officers at 
the compass, or hmdering them when engaged in 
that most important event of the day — '^' taking an 
observation.*' Obey them, quietly and respectfully, 
when they give a direction calculated to secure your 
safety or prevent accident — even if the reason of the 
order should not be fully eyident to a landsman. 
Don't inquire any of tener than is unayoidable, where 
the ship is at any particular moment, what a certain 
moyement on deck means, what kind of weather it 
is going to be during the nest twenty-four hours ; 



U SHOBI-TRIP GUIDE. 

and don't ask the men, when they are heaving the 
log, how many miles an hoar the ship is going, or 
•don't expect them to tell the truth if you do ! Don't 
get m the way when hawsers are being overhauled 
or yards braced; and don't wonder if, getting in the 
way Vv'hen some evolution of hauling the ropes is 
going on, yon occasionally trip and so learn what 
times and places are dangerous. Don't attempt to 
"help," at any time, e:^cept in the rare event of an 
accident; and thus " keeping out of the way," with- 
out losing any chance of observation and eEJoyment, 
secure the friendship of the officers, the respect of 
the crew, and the gratitude of all concerDed, 

6th. Make friends with the stewards, at once, not 
only by treating them respectfully, but by speaking 
to the two in charge of your particular table and 
state-room — requesting their attention and prom- 
ising them the due douceur at the end of the voy- 
age. Half a sovereign each to the saloon and lower- 
saloon stewards, and say a crown to the " boots," 
with half-a-crown for beer to the captain of the 
watch who first " chalks" you when you break the 
rules of the ship by going forward, and perhaps half 
a dozen shillings to persons who do errands for you 
during the run — this, reaching not much more than 
thirty shillings altogether, is quite sufficient to 
grease the wheels of service and make welcome then 
and afterwards. 

7th. Avoid attempting to read much, at sea, how- 
ever interest may tempt in that direction. TLero 



OK SHIPBOARD. 35 

is a motion and jar of the yessel, making tlie letters 
swim and damaging head and optic-nerves to a de- 
gree needing days for recoTerj. Some persons can 
read steadily, almost withont injury; others cannot: 
it is never best to try the experiment when it can be 
avoided. And there is rarely much occasion : it is a 
poor passage-list in wiiich more amusement cannot 
be f jund than in books, for the short period con- 
sumed in crossing the Atlantic. 

8th. Keep on deck, all that is possible. Half the 
charm of going to sea lies in the pure, fresh air, 
except in very stormy weather. The air of lower- 
cabins and state-rooms is necessarily more or less 
confined, and consequently unhealthy; while tlie 
healthiest atmosphere in the world comes fresh to 
the lungs from blue water. There is far less danger 
of sea-sickness, too, on deck than below, when actual 
illness does not enforce confinement to the berth ; 
and the thousand sights and sounds of sea-life — 
sunrises, sunsets, moonlight, storm-waves, whales, 
porpoise-shoals, passing vessels, observations, log and 
lead heaving, making and taking in sail, signalling, 
etc., are only to be enjoyed by those who keep the 
deck as persistently as possible. And this is even ad- 
tiitionally true at times of leaving or making land ; 
approaching port, etc., opportunities for remark and 
study, lost during which periods, may be and prob- 
ably will be lost forever. 

9th. Dress warmly — quite as warmly as comfort 
demands, and err on the safe side if at all. Sea-iiir, 



36 Snonf-TBIP GUIDE, 

tliongli healthy, is damp and deceptive as to temper-' 
atnre. Never mind the appearance ; pnt on the 
clothes. 

10th. Take much exercise. Want of occupation 
induces long sitting at table and hearty eating; and 
the system must be a strong one which can endure 
this for days, without exercise, and jei suffer no in- 
jury. "When there is not too much sea to make it 
possible, at least a mile or two should be walked 
every morning, and a corresponding space in the 
afternoon — the long cleared decks, or the alleyways, 
of most of the best steamers, rendering this amuse- 
ment of exercise easy and convenient. 

11th. Aid the direction last named, by eating 
moderately as usual habits will allow — either by 
abridging the quantity of each meal, or by avoiding, 
some of the number. Four meals per day are usu- 
ally provided — breakfast, lunch, dinner and tea : very 
often, and especially when there is any tendency to 
inactivity of the system, and fever, two of the four 
may be profitably omitted. 

12th. Put confidence in the ship ', believe, for the 
time being, that the ship is the best afloat. If you 
go down into the fire-room (which, by the way, is 
quite as well kept out of), don't fall into the fancy 
that so large a mass of fire in the midst of a vessel 
must inevitably burn her ; vessels are especially con- 
structed to guard against that danger, and iron does 
not take fire easily. Don't be alarmed at the noises' 
continually coming from the fire-room, or think that 



VN SHIPBOARD. ' 37 

some calamity has happened there : firemen are nor- 
mally noisy as well as grimy, and they need to 
speak loudly to make themselves heard. Don't 
fancy, in short, that everything will go wrong udIcss 
you attend to it, except in one particular; and that is, 

13th. Join the fire-police of the ship, and stick to 
the organization. Take no combustible materials 
below in your baggage — neither matches nor danger- 
ous chemicals; take no light of any kind below the 
decks, for better reason than because there is a 
severe punishment for any proceeding of the kind — 
the all-j)Owerful reason that such an act may destroy 
your own life and the lives of others. On this point, 
watch your own conduct and that of others, and no 
harm is likely to result from the close surveillance; 
though any discovery made should always be com- 
municated quietly to some person in charge, and not 
shouted through the ship so as to create a panic 
among the passengers. 

14th, Never go forward when the ship is pitching 
into a heavy sea: there is always danger of injury, in 
such an experiment by a landsman, and very often of 
l^eing swept overboard, at times when even sailors can 
scarcely keep footing on the wet and slippery decks. 
Never stand at or very near the taffrail (extreme 
stern) in correspondingly heavy weather, as there is 
always danger of the ship "jumping out from under 
you" — an accident which sometimes happens to ex- 
perienced seamen who stand unguardedly in that 



g§ SEOBTTBIP OUIDE. 

dangerous position. Never climb upon the bal- 
■warks, however calm the sea; for there is no know- 
ing at what moment there may be one roll — enough 
to finish the individual Toyage very unpleasantly. 

15th. Never attempt to go up or down one of the 
companion-ways (stairs), or along one of the gang- 
ways, or the decks, v/hen the sea is heavy, without 
making' as much use of the hands as the feet — hold- 
ing, on firmly to the nearest convenient rail. Broken 
ribs or limbs are sometimes the consequence of for- 
getfulness or bravado, on this point . 

16th, In the event of illness (other than sea-sick- 
ness), don't take nostrums, or trust to anything in 
your private "medicine-chest/' There is always 
one surgeon, or more, on each ship; they are paid 
for attending to the health of passengers, without 
charge except for costly medicine; they are partic- 
ularly familiar with the treatment prudent at sea; 
and it is very often the case that medicines upon 
which dependence can be placed when on the more 
stable element, prove injurious in the abnormal con- 
dition of never being entirely quiet, 

17th. If sea-sick, don't fancy the disease is a mor- 
tal one. Few people die of it, though many (it is to 
be feared) are rendered vastly uncomfortable. Keep 
the bravest heart and the strongest determination 
possible, against the great foe; and above all, da 
not join the noble army of those who ask to be mer- 
cifully "thrown overboard' as a means of escaping 
the torture. Nobody dares obey the request — not 



0I{ SHIPBOARD. 39 

even your worst enemy, who wishes that he could ; 
and if it should be obeyed, the chances are ten to 
one that before you had gone down ten fathoms in 
blue water the cry might be a different one. 

18th. Berths, in sea-going ships, are mostly sin- 
gle; and yet'it is best, especially in heavy weather, 
to have a ded-felloio. This is easily found in the 
valise or well-filled carpet bag, which packed closely 
in against the side-board, the would-be sleeper lying 
on the side in the inner part of the berth, will gen- 
erally enable him to lie without rolling, even when 
the ship is doing her worst in that direction, and 
secure sleep when it would be otherwise impossible 
from the constantly- waking motion. An alternative 
arrangement of almost equal excellence in rough 
weather^ though not always practicable — is to use a 
broad luggage-strap, fastened to any stanchion at 
the back of the berth and then buckled around the 
breast of the would-be sleeper. 

19th — and more important than any of the pre- 
ceding. Remember, oftener than when the service 
is read on Sabbath morning, that there is a Hand^ 
wiser and stronger than that of any ofiQcer of the 
ship, ruling not only the vessel, but the waves upon 
which she rides and the winds and other elements 
wliich may place her in peril. 



BELL-TIME AT SEA. 

l^ASfSEKGERS by any of the transatlantic steam- 
ers, or on any other extended route involviQg the 
contii]".ial change of longitude, should never risk in- 
juring their time -pieces by setting them slower or 
faster, but quietly allow them to run down imme- 
diately after starting, and keep them in that condi- 
tion, though carrying them in the ordinary upright 
position, until the end of the yoyage. They v/ill be 
obliged, meanwhile, to depend upon the ship's bell, 
with occasional glimpses of the saloon-clock, for the 
requisite knowledge of the flight of time during 
each day, to preyent a mental yacuum on that sub- 
ject, and enable them to make proper preparation 
for meals. 

A little experience of the use of the bell, howeyer, 
is necessary for putting this adyice into ready prac- 
tice ; and the following brief table of "bell-time at 
sea" will be found worth an hour or two of study, to 
that end; one fact being always borne in mind: 
that the farther eastward the faster the time, and, 
the farther westward, the slower ; so that a steamer 
of ordinary speed loses about half an hour per day 
of the running time with which she is charged, in 
going eastward, and gains a corresponding amount 
^ time in going westward. 



BELL TIME AT SEA. 



41 



Commencing tlie day at sea, with the half-liour 
succeeding midnight, the following explanation of 
the " bells" (i. e., strokes of the bell) will be found 
easily understood and quite sufficient for practical 
use, if one aid to the memory is employed — the re- 
collection that the odd numbers of strokes are always 
half-hours, that the even numbers are always hours, 
and that those hours which can be divided by 4 are 
always represented by numbers which can also be 
divided by 4. 



1 bell .... 


.--. }i 


clock, 


A. 51. 


1 bell .... 


.... ^0 


clock, r 


.11. 


"2 bells .... 


.... 1 


'- 


i; 


2 bells .... 


.... 1 


ti 


• i 


3 " .... 


.... l}i 


a 


ii 


3 


it 


.... 1^4 


II 


" 


4 " .... 


2 


<( 


tt 


4 


ti 


2 


(t 


i 


5 " .... 


.... 2>a 


It 


<( 


5 


ti 


. ... 'i/'g 


It 


<c 


C " .... 


.... 3 


n 


i( 


6 


It 


3 


ti 


tt 


7 " .... 


.... o}4 


.( 


it 


7 


tt 


.... 31-^ 


If 


tt 


8 " .... 


4 


ii 


ti 


8 


It 


.... 4 


t( 


tc 


1 bell .... 


.... 4}^ 


(1 


II 


1 


'1 


.... 4^ 


II 


Ii 


2 bells .... 


D 


ii 


C( 


2 


" 


.... 5 


i( 


It 


3 '• .... 


.... 5>2 


(1 


u 


3 


ti 


.... 5>^ 


" 


tt 


4 " .... 


6 


It 


" 


4 


" 


.... 6 


It 


tl 


5 " .... 


.... G'/z 


(( 


( t 


1* 


bell .... 


.... 6}^ 


It 


ii 


G " .... 


7 


t( 


<i 


2 


bells .... 


.... 7 


it 


It 


7 " .... 


.... 7)4 


ti 


(1 


3 


It 


.... 1^ 


it 


c 


8 " .... 


8 


(( 


" 


4 


II 


.... 8 


tc 


< 


1 belt .... 


.... E^4 


<i 


<i 


1 


bell .... 


.... 83^ 


(( 


t 


2 bells .... 


9 


u 


" 


2 


beils .... 


.... 9 


It 


tt 


3 " .... 


.... 9>/ 


£( 


It 


3 


11 


.... 9>^ 


■ t 


(C 


4 " .... 


.... 10 


" 


" 


4 


11 


... 10 


.t 


" 


5 " .... 


.... lO^iT 


< 1 


" 


5 


It 


.... lOM 


If 


tt 


« " .... 


.... 11 


It 


II 


6 


tc 


.... 11 


tl 


t 


7 '♦ .... 


.--. lUa' 


11 


" 


7 


II 


.... ll>2^ 


tc 


c 


S " .... 


.... 12 


noon 




8 


11 


12 midnigbt. 





■^ From 4 p. Jr. to 8 P. ftr. instead of presenting an nnbroken succes- 
sion of bells from 1 to 8, is divided into t'wo "Dog Watches"— 4 to 6 
(" first dog-watcb") and 6 to 8 ("second dog-watcb")-^in order to pre- 
vent tbe larboard and stai'board vratches of sailors being on duty 
during tbe same hours, one day af^er another — as they "would be if they 
were continually and oaly changed once every four hours. 



NEW YORK CITY. HARBOR AND SUBURBS. 

APPEOACH AND HARBOR. 

Land is generally made, approaching the harbor 
of New York, from any vessel coming down the 
"Great Circle," at some point on the Long Island 
coast, at starboard or right of the ship ; and the 
time may be anywhere from four to ten hours (in 
clear weather) before crossing the bar at Sandy 
Hook, the entrance of the Lower Bay of New York. 
After first sighting, this land will keep in sight — 
low and uninteresting, the course of the vessel be- 
ing nearly parallel with the shore, and at a few 
miles distance. Pilots are taken on board from 
small schooners, at distances varying from a few 
miles from the coast to two or even three hundred — ■ 
as disasters from want of pilotage off this port, 
many years ago, have induced much activity and 
competition, of late years. 

Two or three hours from Sandy Hook, for ships 
coming down the Long Island coast, and as a first 
sight for those crossing from the south, are miide 
the Highlands of JVavesinJc, fine bold headlands ap- 
proaching the sea, and forming one point of the 
eastern coast of New Jersey. These hills show to 
excellent advantage on a nearer approach, and are 
very imposing when the Bar at Sandy Hook is be- 



JiEW TOBK CITY. 43 

mg crossed ; two square-tower light-houses showing 
on the Highlands, behind the long, low point of 
wooded sand forming the Hook, on which are to be 
seen one light-house and two beacons, with a 
formidable line of government fortifications in pro- 
gress, near the outer or northern end, very near to 
which the ship necessarily passes the channel. 

Passing the Bar and running up the Lower Bay, 
the New Jersey Highlands continue ahead and to 
the left:, sloping away toward Long Branch a few 
miles southward ; on the right continues Long 
Island, with the still lower and sandier Coney Is- 
land adjoining it in front ; still ahead and to the 
left rise the hills ol Staten Island, with an opening 
between it and Long Island marking the Narrows, 
through which entrance is made from the Lower or 
Raritan Bay into the Upper or Bay of New York 
proper. 

At the left, four or five miles below the Narrows, 
is passed (if there is no occasion to make its nearer 
acquaintance) the New York Quarantine — ranges 
of low buildings on two artificial islands built 
within the last few years on a shoal known as the 
"West Bank of Bomer. Passing the Narrows, the 
fine fortification to the right, on Long Island, is 
Fort Hamilton, with the rains of the once cele- 
brated Fort Lafayette standing in the water at 
some distance below it — while to the left rises 
the corresponding bluff of Staten Island, crowned 
with a light-house and fortifications, with a strong 



*4 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

new strueture, Fort Richmond, standing below at 
near tlie water's edge. 

Tlie view of New York Bay, after passing the Nar- 
rows, is considered one of the finest of its character 
in the world, and should never be lost by the trav- 
eler enjoying the opportunity for the first time. On 
the right, passing up, will be observed the Long 
Island shore, handsomely shaded, and dotted with 
the residences of well-to-do citizens or suburbans; 
and on the left Staten Island presents much higher 
ground, landings and thriving villages near the 
shore, and the sides of the hills in like manner 
well shaded and dotted with tasteful residences. 
Some six miles above the Narrows, at the immedi- 
ate right, the monuments of Greenicood Cemetery 
may be seen covering and crowning one of the 
Long Island hills near the shore; still to the right, 
but ahead, the City of Brooklyn shows its many 
spires and wilderness of buildings ; immediately 
ahead rises Governor's Island, with its round fort, 
Gasile William, and its long ranges of barracks and 
officers'-quarters ; and as Governor's Island is pass- 
ed, still directly ahead, the City of New York is 
seen, stretching right and left, from its lowest point 
at the Battery, up the East and North rivers (Long 
Island Sound and the Hudson), each line show- 
ing a perfect forest of the masts of shipping, and the 
marked deficiency of commanding spires partially 
relieved by the nearness and grace of that of Trinity 



]Sf:EW TO UK CITY. 45 

Church and the height of several of the new build- 
ings now overtopping the city, especially the 
Western Union Telegraph Building, New Post 
Office, Tribune Office, Evening Post Office, Equita- 
ble and Mutual Insurance Buildings, &c. 

From this point, which also best shows the 
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn lies a little behind, 
at the righi;; Staten Island has fallen away to a 
much greater distance behind and at the left; the 
Hudson Eiver stretches northward, immediately 
ahead. Long Island Sound branching away eastward 
at an acute angle; the other two islands of the 
harbor, so far unnamed, Bedloe's and Ellis', lie at 
some distance to the left; and behind them, to the 
left and ahead, on the west or New Jersey side of 
the river, may be prominently seen the towns of 
Jersey Oity and Ilobohen, continual high landi 
rising up-river from the latter, along the Hudson, 
towards Fort Lee and the Palisades. 

It is also at this point that the traveler visiting 
the New World for the first time from the Old, will 
find one of the most marked of sensations in observ- 
ing not only the immense variety of shijoping and 
the flags of all nations at the wharves and in the 
stream, but the many particulars in which the 
American river and ferry craft differ from those of 
any other nation — the prevailing color being white, 
and both strength and grace often sacrificed to 
speed and temporary convenience. 



46 BEORT'TBIP GUIDE. 

NEW YOKK CITY AND BROOKLYN. 

As ■will already Iiave been observed, the City of 
New York lies at the jurxction of the North or Hud- 
son River and LoDg Island Sound (familiarly called 
the East Eiver), having thus the best of opportuni- 
ties for cleanliness and health, which are by no 
means always embraced with due diligence and 
faithfulness — the city being always ineffectually 
cleaned, in comparison with the cost to the people, 
and often disgracefully dirty. In effect, Brooklyn, 
immediately opposite on the southeast, and con- 
nected with it by half-a-dozen or more well-managed 
steam-ferries, is a part of the same city, though 
lying in another county, and bearing a different 
name ; while nearly the same may be said of both 
Jersey City and Hoboken, on the New Jersey shore, 
, and reached in the same manner by ferry. 

Before proceeding to explore the city or suburbs, 
it should be noted that carriage-service in New 
York is very high and very bad; cab-service better 
and improving, though by no means up to the 
European standard — so that the first should be 
almost entkely avoided, and the latter much oftener 
foregone in favor of the public conveyances than 
they would be in any city of the Old "World. The 
ferries should be used freely, not only for necessar}^ 
crossings, but as an additional means of studying 
the topography of the harbor, and the excellence of 
the system. For most directions the street horse- 



NEW YORK CITY. 47 

cars [see directions for those cars, different lines, 
i^p. 58 and 59, and following] run regularly and well, 
and are comfortable, except at morning and evening 
hours, bringing too great crowds ^ and the Elevated 
Bailroad, from South Ferry, and omnibuses from the 
Brooklyn Ferries, are available and respectable. 

Of the Streets, the best worth noting is Broadimy, 
which should be driven, in open carriage if con- 
venient, from its commencement at the Battery 
(harbor side) to its virtual termination at Madison 
Square, many of the best commercial buildings be- 
ing thus seen, and a succession of splendid busiuess 
erections observed, not equalled, perhaps, in any 
other city of either continent. Thence Fifth avenue 
should be taken, to the Central Park, and en 
return Madison avenue, views being caught, in 
the two, of many of the most fashionable pri- 
vate erections of the city. Much of the lead- 
ing fashion of the city may be found gathered 
in the streets running out from Fifth avenue, from 
Fourteenth to Sixtieth street — notably on Tioenty- 
third, Thirty-fourth, Forty-second streets, &c. The 
Boivery -may be noted as the people's or east-side 
Broadway. Greenwich street will be found filling a 
somewhat similar position on the west side; Third , 
Sixth and Eighth a'cenues may be taken as fair 
types of prosperous commonalty and bustle; West 
street (Hudson Eiver side) will be found to supply 
a jam quite worthy of. the Strand at its worst hours; 



48 SEORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

and still further down town, Wall street, Broad and 
2!^ew streets command attention as the centres of the 
moneyed interest. In Brooklyn, the most notable 
streets are Montague and Clinton^ for fashion; Ful" 
tbn and Court streets, Atlantic and Myrtle avenues, 
&c., for business activity; Third street. Union street, 
Fourth avenue, &c., as drives ; Clinton, Washing- 
ton, Bedford, Grand and other avenues,' for sub- 
urban beauty. 

Of Wharves, New York has never had any de- 
B^erviug the name, though a fine water front is now 
presented at the Battery, and arrangements are in 
progress to supply well-built docks along both rivers. 
Of Markets, the Washington, foot of Vesey street, 
Hudson Eiver side, and the Fulton, foot of Fulton 
street, East Eiver side, "will be found among the 
best supplied in the world, though the buildings 
are very old and badly kept. Newer and better 
erections are the Metropolitan, foot of Thirty-fourth 
street, North Eiver, and the TomjjJcins, Third ave- 
nue and Seventh street. Of Museums, the 3Ietro- 
23olitan Museur/i of Art, Fourteenth street, near 
Sixth avenue; one at Central Park; and a smal] 
but unique one (naval) at the Brooklyn Navy 
Yard. Of Libraries, the Astor, Lafayette Place; 
the Mercantile, Lenox, Society, Law, American Insti- 
tute, Historical, Printers', Woman's, &c. Of Public 
Galleries, that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 
(above named) ; the Lenox, Fifth avenue ; those 
of the picture-dealers, Goupil {Knoedler, successor), 



ir^tf rORK CITT, 4a 

Somervitle, Snedecor, Schaus, &c., with annual exhi-" 
"bitions of the Academy of Design (Twenty- third 
street and Fourth avenue); and the Private Galle- 
ries of some of the wealthy citizens and merchant- 
pricces, of taste and liberality, are very credita- 
ble, and sometimes exhibited to the public. Large 
collections of national and celebrity portraits are to 
be seen in the great photograph galleries of Kurtz, 
FredricJcs, JRocJcwood, Bogardus, Surony, Mora, and 
peveral others. Of Hospitals, the leading are the 
Bellevue, Twenty-sixth street and East Kiver ; New 
York, Fifth avenue ; St. Lukes, St. Vincenfs, Ger- 
man, Mt. Sinai, Woman's, Seamen's, — their locations 
popularly well known, and easily ascertained by any 
visitor for use or curiosity. 

Of Educational Institutions and the structures 
c-nnected, the following are most notable : Colum- 
hia College (an institution of moderate ago but rep- 
utation and usefulness, and with Law and Mining 
Schools attached), East Forty-ninth street ; Neio 
York University (collegiate, but making no pre- 
tence to fill the European use of the Word), Wash- 
ington Square ; New York College (formerly the 
New York F.vee Academy), Twenty-third street and 
Lexington avenue ; College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, East Twenty-third street and Fourth ave- 
nue ; Unieersity Medical College, Worth street ; 
Ptutgers Female College, Fifth avenue ; Union Theo- 
logical Seminary, University Place ; New York Law 



50 SHORT- TBIP GUIDE. 

Inslitute, Chambers street ; Fro'estant Episcopal 
Theological Seminary ; new Normal College, &c., &c. 
In connection with educational facilities it should 
be added, that the Common Schools of the City of 
New York are the best in the world, in handsome 
and commodious buildings, free to all, numerously 
attended, and worth observation by any visitor. 

Of Monuments, New York has as follows: In 
Central Park : ShaJcspeare, Sir Walter Scott, Hum- 
boldt, Schiller, Webster, Halleck, Seventh Regiment, &c. 
In Union Square, equestrian statue of Washington^ 
statues of Lafayette and Lincoln. In Madison Square, 
monument obelisk to General Worth and statue of 
Wm. II. Seward. la Trinity Churchyard, Martyrs' 
Memorial (handsome Gothic structure in honor of 
revolutionary patriots who died on the prison- 
ships); monument to Cajytain Laivrence, who fell on 
the Chesapeake; the horizontal slab over the re- 
mains of the heroine of the romance of the same 
name, Charlotte Temple. In St. Paul's Churchyard, 
shaft to Robert Emmett, the Irish patriot; monu- 
ment to Gen. Montgomery; one (back of church) to 
George Frederich Cooke, the actor. In Printing 
House Square, bronze statue of Franklin. 

Of antiquities, the city may be said to have lit- 
erally none, the hand of "improvement" having 
lately been very busy with the few remaining. The 
two most interesting old buildings existing, are the 
Old Walton JTouse, Pearl Street, most fashionable 



NEW YORK CITY. 51 

residence of the past century, now decayed; and 
the Washingtvn Hotel, Bror.dway and Battery Place, 
once the residence of Gen. Y/ashington, of Sir Guy 
Carle ton, &c. 

Of Churches, few command any attention architec- 
turally, though there is no deficiency as to number. 
The two oldest were the North Dutch, Fulton and 
William strc-its, not long since demolished, and 
the Middle Dutch, used as a pr'son by the British 
during the War of the Revolution, and late the City 
Post Office — Nassau, Liberty and Cedar streets. 
St. Paul's, Broadway (where the pew of General 
Washington, when President, still remains), and 
St. Johns, Yarick street, best deserve present 
notice, from age and unpretending grace ; and 
Trinity, Broadway, as the most respectable finished 
Gothic erection on the Continent — though St. Fat- 
rick's Cathedral, Fifth avenue and Fiftieth street, 
will eventually dwarf it and all others. Those re- 
maining, best repaying visits of curiosity, are St, 
Georges, Butherford Place; Grace Church, Broad- 
way; St. Paul's and All Souls, Fourth avenue; 
St. Thomas', Fifth avenue; Holy Trinity, Madison 
avenue; St. Mark's (old), Stuyvesant street; the 
Tabernacle, Sixth avenue; SL Stephens, Twenty- 
eighth street ; Dr. Chapin's, Fifth avenue ; Dr. Hep- 
u'or^/i'5, MadiSon avenue. In Brooklyn, the most 
notable are the Holy Trinity and St. Ann's-on-the 
Heights, both on Clinton street ; Baptist, Strong 
Place ; Dr, Eddy's, Pierrepont street ; Church of 



m SHORT TRIP GUIDE, 

the Pilgrims, Henry street ; the Tabernacle, Sciier- 
merhoni street ; SL Charles Borromeo (Catliolic), 
Sidney Place, 

Of Public Buildings, the most interesting-, from 
one cause or another, will be found the City Halt, 
City Hall Park (with a collection of civic and heroc 
portraits of sonae interest, in the " Governors 
KooM)"); the New Court House (unfinished,, but 
with many handsome rooms) same place ; the City 
Prison ("Tombs"), Centre street; the Ciistonm 
House and Snh- Treasury, Wall street ; the Cooper 
Institute, junction of Third ^nd ITourth avenues ; 
the Bible House, opposite the preceding, above ; the 
Academy of Music, Fourteenth street ; the Academy 
of Design and Christian Association buildings. 
Fourth avenue and Twenty-third street ; BootKs 
Theatre, Twenty-third street ; the Grand Cpera 
Housej Eighth avenue; Tammany Hall, Fourteenth 
street ; the Central Police Station, Mulberry street ; 
Hudmn River Railroad Freight Depot, Hudson 
street (with colossal bronze of much oddity and a 
certain mierit, on the principal front, in honor of 
Cornelius Vanderbilt) ; new Grand Central Depots 
of the N. Y. Central, Harlem, and New Haven Rail- 
roads, Fourth avenue and Forty-second street ; Post 
Office, City Hall Park ; Methodist Book Concern, 
Broadway and Eleventh street j Masonic Hall^ 
Twenty-third street and Sixth avenue ; Stodc Ex- 
change (new). Broad street ; N. Y. Historical Society^ 
"University Place ; Produce Exchange^, Whitehall st 



}^BW YORK CITT. 53 

la BRoo:KLYPr, the City Hall and County Voiirt 
House, Court and Falton streets ; Academy of 
Music, Montague street •; Mercantile Library, and 
Art Association Building, same street; Athencum, 
Atlantic avenue, &c. 

New York has many Commercial Buildings of 
great cost and splendor— no other city in the world 
having more of what may be designated as *' pal- 
?ices,'^ devoted to money or trade. The lead is taken 
among purely financial buildings, by the Park 
Bank, Broadway. No less than three structures 
devoted to Life Assurance command much atten- 
tion—those of the Equitable Society, at Broadway 
und Cedar street; of the Mutual Company, Broad- 
way and Liberty street; and of t]ie.J}^ew York Com" 
pany, Broadway and Leonard street ; while the 
Western Unien Telegraph buildinp-, Broadway and 
Bey street, the Drexel Banking House, "Wall and 
Broad streets, the Bennett Building, Nassau, Ful'- 
ton and Ann streets, and others command attention, 
^he most prominent among what ar-e called the 
"business palaces," are those of A, T. Stewart & Co.^ 
Broadway and Chambers street, and Broadway and 
Ninth street; of Lord S Taylor, Broadway and 
Twentieth street ; of Arnold S Constable, Broad- 
way and Nineteenth street; of Tiffany, Union 
'Square and Fifteenth street ; of the Domestic 
■Sewing Machine Company, Broadway and Four- 
teenth street ; of the Wheeler <& Wilson Sew- 
ing Machine Company, Union Square % of 



54 SnOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

AjypMons, Broadway ; of Brooks Brothers, Broadway ; 
Marpers\ Franklin Square ; Frank Leslie, Pearl st., 
Breicsler's, Fifth avenue, &c. 

There are man}'- private dwellings of great cost, 
splendor, aftid varying architectural taste, on Fifth 
avenue and the more fashionable streets on Murray 
Hiil; the first among them being the palace of the 
lately deceased A. T. Stewart, at Fifth avenue and 
Thiity-fourih street, of which the details, with- 
out and within, are of the most lavish magnificence, 
while the picture collection is very rich and valuable. 
Closely following, are those of 3Ir. Geo. Opdyke, Ifr. 
W. H. Vanderoilt, Messrs. Asior, Judge Hi lion, Mr. 
Lenox, Mrs. Si-evens, Mrs. Coles, Mr. Morgan, &c., 
all on Fifth avenue ; Miss Wolf, Messrs. Fheljys and 
Dodge, Madison avenue, &c. Of Club Houses, among 
the most prominent are the New York, Travelers', 
Knickerbocker, Lotos, Manltaitan, Slc, Fifth avenue ; 
■ the Union League, Madison avenue, &c. 

Of Hotel Buildings (also Hotels), New York has 
many of great size and fine architecture, prominent 
among them being the Windsor, Fif h avenue and 
Forty-seveuth street ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue, 
Broad w y and Twenty-fourth street ; Rossmore, 
Broadway and Forty-second street ; Buckingham^ 
Fifth avenue and Fiftieth street ; Grand Central, 
Broadway opposite Bond street ; Brevoirt, Fifth 
avenue near Washington Park ; As'or House, 
Broadway and Barclay street ; St. Nicholas, Broad- 



NE^ YORE CITY. 55 

way and Spring street ; Metropolitan, Broadway 
and Prince street ; Westminster, Irving' Place and 
Sixteenth street ; Grand Hotel, Broadway and 
Tliirtieth street ; St. Cloud, Broadway and Forty- 
second street ; Gllsey, Broadway and Twenty-ninth 
street ; Slicrtevant, Broadway and Twenty-eighth 
street ; St. James, Broadway and Twenty-sixth 
street ; Hoffman, Broadway and Twenty-fourth 
street ; Coleman, Broadway and Twenty-seventh 
street ; Everett, Union Square ; Clarendon, Fourth 
avenue ; Delmonico's, Filth avenue ; Berkeley, Fifth 
avenue and Ninth street ; New York, Broad- 
way and Fourlh street; Earles, Caual street ; 
Merchanis' (mercantile), Cortlandt street, &c. In 
Beooklyn, the Pierrepont House, Montague street, 
and the Mansion House, Hicks street. Several 
Newspaper Offices of mark are to be noticed in 
New York, those of the Evening Post, Broadway 
and Fulton street; the Tribune, Printing House 
Square; the Herald, Broadway and Ann street; 
the Timts, and the Staats Zeltung, Pr.ntiiig House 
Square. 

The principal Theatres of New York City proper 
are Wallack's, Broadway and Thirteenth street ; the 
Olympic, Broadway near Beecker street; Niblo's, 
Broadway near Prince street ; Booth's, Tweuty- 
third street and Sixth avenue ; the Grand Gpera 
House, Eighth avenue and Twenty-third street ; 
Daly's New Fifth Avenue, Twenty-eighth etreet, 
near Broadway; the Lyceum, Fourteenth street; 
Parkf Broadway and Twenty-second street ; New 



5a sBOR'i-Tnir guibjel 

Broadioay, Broadway and Thirtieth street ; Union 
Square Thfatre, Union Square; Twenty-third Street, 
street of that name; Eagle, Broadway and Thirty-- 
third street; Germania (German), Fourteenth street; 
and the Buioery, street of that name. Opera House, 
the Academy of Music,, Fourteenth street. Aquarium^ 
the New York, Broadway and Thirty-fifth street. 
Ethiopian Minstrel Houses and Varieties, Tony Pas- 
tor's, the San Francis€& Minstrels, &e. Brooklyn ha® 
several esi^ellent places of am i semen t, in the Acad- 
emy of Music,. Montagne street; Brooklyn Theatre^, 
Washington street; Park Theatre, Fulton street; 
Hooleys O'pera House, Court street; the Atheneum^ 
Atlantic avenue, &c. 

Most popular Ciinrches (for service). Trinity, 

Broadway (Episcopalian) ; Grace, Broadway and 

Tenth street (Epis.); the Tabernacle, Sixth avenue 

and Thirty-f urth street (Cong.) ; Dr. Chapin's, Fifth 

avenue and Forty-fifth street (Univ.); Si Thomas\ 

Fifth avenue (Epis.); Dr. Tyng's, Rutherford Place 

(Eji-^.) ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue and Nineteenth 

street (Pres.) ; Dr. HepiwriKs, Madison ave.. and E. 

Forty-fifth st. (Cong.) ; St. Paul's, Fourth ave. and 

Twenty-second street, (Methodist Episcop.) ; and in 

Brooklyn, Plymouth (Rev. Henry Ward Beec'aer's)> 

Orange btreet (Cong.) ; St. Anns on-ihe- Heights and 

the Holy Trinity (Epis.), both on Cinton st. ; First 

Baptist, Nassau street ; Strony Place (Baj^t.), Strong 

Place ; Dr. Talmage's Tabernacle^ Scbermerhorn st. 

Present Catholic Cathedral in New Yoi%SLPairick's, 

Mulberry and Houston streets ;, with other leading, 

Catholic Church -s — St. Stephen's, Twentj^-eighth 

street, near Thu'd avenue (noted for fine music). 



NEW YORK CITY, 57 

and Bt, I^-ancls Xavier's, Sixteenth street, near 
Fifth avenue. 

Pablie Grounds — Central Park, (see "Excur- 
sions," following); Washington, Madison and Union 
Squares, and Battery and City Hall Parks, most of 
limited dimensions, but all assuming attractive 
shapes, and most of them being provided with 
music on certain evenings of the week, during the 
warm season; and Jones' Wood, lying on the east- 
ern side of the Island, on the river, opposite the 
lower end of the Central Park, for many years 
frequented and famous as a place for great out- 
door gatherings, including the German and Irish 
festivals and the Scottish annual games ; Jerome 
Park, Westchester (also see "Excursions"); and 
in Brooklyn, Prospect Park (also see " Excur- 
sions"), Prospect Park Fair Grounds, Lefferts 
Park, &c. 

Principal Ferries : To Brooklyn, from foot Ful- 
ton street, foot Wall street, foot Cathariae street. 
Peck Slip, foot Whitehall street; to Jersey ,City 
(and Canard Docks, and Pennsylvania E.ii.road), 
foot Cortlandt street, and foot Dssbrosses street; to 
Comnmnipaw (and New Jersey Central Railroad), 
foot Libert}'' street; to Iloboken (and Bremen and 
Hamburg steamers, and Morris and Essex Eail- 
road), foot Barclay street and foot Christopher 
street; to Pavonia (and passenger-depot of the 
Erie Railway), foot Chambers street and foot 
Twenty- third street; to Staten Island, foot Yv^hite- 



53 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 

liall street and foot Dey street; to Hunter's Point 
(and Long* Island Eailroad), Jamc3 S.ip and foot 
Tiiirty-fourtb. street. 

PRINCIPAL STREET (hORSE) RAILROADS. 

Second A,venne Line. — Cars leave Peck Slip (East River, 
near Fulton Ferry), run tbroupfli South, Oliver, Bowery, 
Grand and Ciiristie streets, and Second avenue to One 
Hundred and Twenty-eif^litli -street, Harlem. Brancli from 
Broadway at Worth street to Bowery, and tlience same 
route. Third Avenue Line. — Cars kave Broadway, opposite 
Astor House, run throug^h Park Row, Cliatliam street. Bow- 
ery, Third avenue to One Hundred and Thirtieth street, 
Harlem. Fourth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, oppo- 
site Astor House, run through Park Row, Centre and 
Grand streets, Bowery and Fourth avenue to Forty-second 
street, (Grand Central Depot.) Broadioay Line. — Cars leave 
Broadway corner Barclay street, run tlirouc^h Barclay, 
Church and Greene streets, Clinton and University Places, 
Broadway and Seventh avenue to Fifty-ninth street (Central 
Park). Brancli of this road, from Broadway at Broome 
street, tlirouefli Broome street to Greene stieet, and as above. 
Sixth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Vesey 
street, run through Vesey, Church and Chambers streets. 
West Broadway, Canal, Varick and Carmine streets, and 
Sixth avenue to Fifty-niutli street (Central Park). Seventh 
Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Park Place, 
run through Park Place, Church, Canal, Sullivan and Mac- 
dougal streets, Clinton place, Greenwich and Severn h ave- 
nues to Fifty-ninth street (Central Park). E ghth Avenue 
Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Vesey street, run 
throu(Tli Vesey, Church and Chambers streets. West Broad- 
way, Canal and Hudson streets, and Eighth avenue to 
Filty-ninth street (Central Park). Branch, of this road, from 
Broadway at Canal street, through Canal to Hudson street, 
and as above, with continuation to Manhattanvilie. Ninth 
Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Fulton street, 
run through Fulton and Greenwich streets and Ninth ave- 
nue to Fifty-fourth street. Lexington Avenue Line. — Cars 
leave Broadway opposite Astor House, run through Park 
Row, Chatham street. Bowery, Third Avenue, Thirty-fifth 



2^EW YOBK CITY. 59 

street, Lexmrrtnn avenue to Fortv-second street and Fourth 
avenue (Grand ( 'entral Depot). Blee'-ker Street Line. — Cars 
leave Fulton ferrv (East River), run tlirouorh Fulton, William 
and Ann streets. Park Row, Centre, Leonard, Eln, Howard, 
Crosby, Bleecker, Macdougal, West Fourth, West Thir- 
teenth, Hudson, West Fourteenth streets and Tenth ave- 
nue to Twenty-third slreet. Belt Line. — (Eastern division) : 
Cars leave Soath ferry (Battery), run through Front street. 
Old Slip, South, Montgomery, South, Corlaers, Grand, 
Goerck and East Houston streets, Avenue D, East Four- 
teenth street, Avenue A, East Twenty third street, First 
avenue and Ea^t Fifty ninth street to Fifth avenue at Cen- 
tral Park. (Western division) : Cars leave South ferry 
(Battery), run through Whitehall street and Battery Place, 
West street. Tenth avenue and West FiJty-ninth street to 
Fifth avenue at Central Park — the two forming perfect con- 
nection round the city. Dry Doc^^'' Line. — Cars leave Broad- 
way, oppo.->ite Astor House, run through Park Row, Chat- 
ham street. East Broadway, Grand and Columbia streets. 
Avenue D, East Eleventh street and Avenue B, to foot East 
Fourteenth street. East Broadicay Line. — Cars leave Broad- 
way, corner Ann street, run through Park Row, Chatham 
street. East Broadway, Clinton street, Avenue B, East 
Fourteenth street, Avenue A, East Twenty-third street, First 
avenue to Twenty-third street ferry. Grand and Cortlandt 
Line. — Cars leave Jersey City ferr^, foot Cortlandt street, run 
throuflfh Cortlandt, Greenwich, Beach, Li-penard and Canal 
streets. East Broadway and Grand strc et to Grand street 
ferry (East River). Cross-Town Line. — Cars leave West 
Forty-second street at Tenth avenue, run thronph Tenth 
avenue. Thirty-fourth street, Broadway, Twenty third street. 
Fourth avenue, Fourteenth street, and east side minor 
streets to foot of Grand street. East River. Chur^Ji Street 
Line. — Cars leave Astor House (Vesey street), run through 
New Church street. Battery Place and Whitehall street to 
South ferry. Elewited Railway . — (Steam) — Cars leave station 
at the Soutli Ferry, (extreme lower end of Broadway) 
every few minutes, through or rather over Greenwich 
street and Ninth avenue, to Central Park, with stopping- 
places at very short intervals, snd many extensions ]>roje3ted. 
There are several other and minor roads, cross-town lines, 
&:c., besivies those here given; but al the more important 
have been enumerated, and the least inotructed visitor 



60 SnOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

will Lave little difficulty, with the foref^oin^ dirpctioiis, in 
makiiio' full use ot these great conveniences. It will be 
noted that, witli a sinrrje exception, tl.e up routes of all 
these lin ex have been jriven, as most intelli'j'ible ; some of 
them make sliji-lit variations in return or downroiues, but 
wht:'n so, only to a small distance, Omniimses. up Broadway 
TO various po nts, leave South, Wall street and Fulton fer- 
ries, conspicuously lettered as to debtinations. 

Other objects of interest to those maldng longer so- 
journ; the Fast River Bridge, now buildinfy between 
New York and Brooklyn, and promising to be one 
of the master-works of its class in the woiid; the 
many large Ocean and River Steame-'s at their 
wharves ; I'iews over the City, from Ijigh biiildiugs ; 
Governor's Idand, head-quarters of the mili- 
tary depari'ment (reached by boat from South ferry); 
the Navy Yard, Brooklyn (cars from Falton Ferry); 
the Penal and Charitable Institutions on BlackweWs, 
Randall's and IVard's Islands (under control of 
Commissioners of Charities and Correction — build- 
ing, Third avenue and Eleventh street) ; and a 
variety of Asylums for orphans and the afflxted. 

SUBURBS, DRIVES AND EXCURSIONS. 

O: Drives and Short Excursions (by carriage), 
the first favorite is that to the 

Cemteal Park, a large and admirable public 
ground, occupying;: nearly the centre of the I4and, 
extendim^- in width from Eifth to Ei^ihtli avenue, 
and in length from Fifty-ninth to One-Hundred and 
Tenth street, handsomely laid out, shade-.l and orna- 
mented, ■with fine roads and costly bridges, and 



ifj^TF TOBR CITT, U 

lacMng^ only age to be equal to any public ground 
in Europe. It has a Lake, witli boats (service); a. 
Museum, with Zoological collection and many other 
curiosities; a Casino, on the European plan; Public- 
Carriages^ makiug the round of the Park at short 
intervals, for trifling farer Statues of Shakspeare, 
Humboldt, Schiller, Morse. Scott, Webster, Hal- 
leck, &c. ; statuary groups of the " Hanter and his 
Dof?,'* "Auld Lang Syne;'' and presents the feature 
of Music by a fine band every Saturday afternoon 
during the warm season, attracting immense con- 
courses of people. In connection are also to be seen 
the Croton Heceivin^ Eeservoirs, alleged to be of 
size enough, and to contaiu water enou^'h, to float 
the navies of the world. \_Geniral Park may also be- 
reached by horse-cars from the City Hall, or from 
most of the ferries (Belt road along- either river), by 
the Elevated Railroad, &c. ] Beyond, the drive by 
carriage is often and profitably extended to the Har-- 
lem and Bloomingdale Roads, or to High Bridge, an 
aqueduct BriJge over the Harlem PtLver, of great 
height and Eoliclity; or to Jerome Park, new and 
handsome trotting and racinor gr'ound of the Amer- 
ican Jockey Club, beyond the Harlem River, in West- 
chester. Another scarcely less fashionable drive is to 
Prospect Park, the new but very handsome 
public ground of Brooklyn, which bids fair to rival 
if not to excel the Central, has a Lake, a Dairy Cot- 
tage and Barn, a fine stretch of natural forest, an 
elevated drive (the " Ocean Parkway,") statue of 



61ti anORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

Presidest Lincoln (at entrance), busts of Washington 
Irving, John Howard Payne, &c. Music by a fine 
band, Saturday afternoons. [May also be reached 
irom New York by Fulton ferry and by horse-cars 
of Flatbush avenue line.] Near Prospect Park is to 
be visited 

Greenwood Cemetery, one of the largest and hand- 
somest Cities of the Dead on the globe, with lakes, 
rising grounds, fine shades, costly monuments, and 
all the other melancholy attractions possible to be 
flung around places of burial. Among the leading 
features are the handsome sculptured Entrance Way; 
the Firemen's, Pilots', Old Sea Captain's, Cauda, 
Scribner, J. G. Bennett, Greely and Clarke monu- 
ments; the tombs of William E. Barton, the conled- 
ian, Lola Montez (with inscription, " Eliza Gilbert"), 
Crawfoid Livingston, &c. ; the vaults of Stephen 
Whitney, William Niblo, &c. Most beautiful point 
that at and around "S^d van Water;" finest views, 
those from "Ocean Hill" and "Battle Hill." [May 
also be reached from New York by Fulton Feriy and 
horse-cars of thj Greenwood or Fifth avenue lines.] 
Service-carriages for going through the cemetery, 
may always be found at the entrance. Beyond Green- 
wood and Prospect Park, the same drive siay be 
profitably extended to Fro^2^sct Park Pace Course, 
and by grand new Ocean Parkway, to 

Coney Island, — fine sea-beach, with escellent 
bathing and great and improving popularity as a 
I'iding and sailing resort for visitors. [May also 



I^EW TOBK CITY. 61b 

be reached from New York by Falton ferry, and. 
by Smith and Jay street horse-cars; or by either of 
the horse-cai hnes to Greenwood, thence by steam 
to the beach; or by steamer from New York, several 
times daily during season.] 

Other Short Excursions will be tho!=!e to the Broolc- 
lyn Namj Yard, with extensive Dry Dock, Museum 
of Marine Cariosities, and much of general interest 
[horse-cars from Fulton ferry, "Nav;y Yard"]; to 
Fort Hamilton, at the Narrows, junction of the 
Upper and Louver bays, with fortifications and very 
fine sea-yiew [drive, or may be reached by Fulton or 
Hamilton ferry, and horse-cars] ; to Ecergreen Ceme- 
tery, East New York [drive, or Faiton ferry and 
Fulton avenue horse-cars] ; to Rockaway Beach 
and Far Rockaway, picturesque line of coast on the 
South side of Long Island, celebrated for sailing, 
fishing, and as a resort always cool even in the 
hottest weather, owing to the breezes caused by 
peninsular position, and once made famous by the 
song commencing: 

"On old Loner Island's sea pfirt shore. 
Many an hour I've vvliiie 1 away, 
Listening to the breakers' roar, 

That washed the beach oi iiockaway." 

[Ferry from James SHd or Thirty-fourth street to 
Hunter's Point for Lon:^' Island j-tdkjad; or ferry 
from foot of Grand s reet. East River, ior So'ith- 
Side B..i.roc.d; or horse-cars to East New York fi'om 



^Ife SHORT- TRIP GiriBR 

Fulton or South ferries, steam-cars to Canarsie and 
boat to beach; or, daily excursion boat from New 
York] ^ to Mohohe^i, great base-ball and cricket 
grounds, and favorite German resort, across the Hud- 
son, in New Jersey [ferry from Barclay street or 
Christopher street] ; to Bergen Point, [drive or 
horsi-car from Jersey City, or train on New Jersey 
Central Railroad, from foot Liberty street] ; to Pat^ 
^rsonfUTidi Passaic Palls [train on Erie Railway, foot 
Chambers or Twenty- third street: see route North 
by Erie Railway]; to Neioarh, largest and most 
thriving city in N"eW Jersey [train on Pennsylvania 
Bailroad, foot of Cortlandt street; see route Kew 
York to Philadelphia; or N"ewark and New York 
Railroad, foot Liberty street] ; to Elizabeth, N"ew 
Jersey [train on Pennsylvania Railroad, foot Cort- 
landt street, or New Jersey Central, foot Liberty- 
street;] to Staten Island^ [New -Brighton, Sailors' 
Snug Harbor, Port Richmond, Elm Park, &c., by 
the North Shore boats, from the Battery every 
hour; and Vanderbilt's, Quarantine, Tompkins- 
ville., Clifton, &c., by tho East Shore boats, from 
Battery or foot Dey street. 

Longer excursions of interest, conveniently made 
from N"ew York, those to (1) 

Long Branch, great sea-shore resort on the 
New Jersey coast, with several miles of tne bluffj 
boldsurf bathing, admired sea-view, splendid drives 
and excursions, and an immense number of sum- 
mer hotels, capable of accommodating fifteeo io 



HEW YOEK CITY, Cli 

twenty thousand visitors (among the principal the 
Ocean Hotel, West End, Mansion House, United 
States, Brighton, Howland, Pavilion, &,c.), and 
a present popularity making it the most generally 
sought and notable place on the American sea- 
coast. Ifc supplied the summer residence of Presi- 
dent Grant, and has many cottages of the wealthy. 
Near it are Eatoniown (with Monmouth Park Race 
Ground in the immediate neighborhood), Bed Bank, 
Deal, and other villages of New Jersey. [Reached 
by boats of the New Jersey Southern Eailroad, to 
Sandy Hook (with government fortifications and en- 
trance to the Lower Bay) ; thence rail, by the High- 
lands of Navesink {^uq elevation, with splendid sea- 
air and view, and summer-boarding place of merit 
and popularity — hotels, Tkompso?is, Jeakinson's), Sea- 
h'ight, &c., [the whole distance within sight of the 
sea.] Or, by the new All-Rail Route- from New 
York, from foot of Liberty st., by Central Railroad 
of New Jersey (Communipaw ferry), and Rahway, 
to Perth Amboy, Keyport, Middletown, Red Bank, 
&c., to Long Branch. [From Long Branch rail- 
way connection to Freehold, and thence to Trenton 
and other cities of West New Jersey ; or train may 
be taken for Manchester, Tom's River, and towns of 
New Jersey further southward; to Atlantic City or 
Philadelphia.] To (2) 

Lake Mahopac, pleasant and very popular minor 
•watering-place, with handsome quiet wooded 
scenery, islands, fine boating, sailing, fishmg and 



nU 8E0B1-TBIP GUIDE. 

other attractions. Beaclied by Harlem Railroad, in 
a few hours, through the very fine scenery of that 
line, at the lower edge of the Hudson Hio^hlands. 
Hotels, the Gregory House, Baldwin House, &g» 
To (3) 

Schooley's Mountain {Heath House), mineral 
springs and popular summer resort, with tine air 
and charming scenery, in the minor mountains of 
New Jersey; reached by the Morris and Essex Rail- 
road, from foot of Barclay street, by Morristoiun, 
one of the handsomest towns and most popular res- 
idences in the State, to Hackettstown, v/hence short 
ride by stage-coach. Also, Budd's Lake, within a 
few miles of the preceding, and reached by same 
conveyances — with many attractions of boating, 
fishing, &e. Also, Lake Hopatcong, with similar 
attractions to the place last named, reached by the 
same rai road to Stmhope or Dover, thence carriage 
or boat to destination. To (4) 

The Delaware Water Gap {KiUatinny and 
Water Gap Houses) lying at one of the finest 
passes of the Upper Delaware, through and among 
the mountains dividing Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey, and with superb mountain and river scenery, 
pure and healthful air, and much popularity as a 
place of summer resort. Has many features of es- 
pecial wood 'and beauty, in Behecca's Well, Venus* 
Bath a'ld Eureka Falls, views from Prospect Bock, 
Fox Hit, &G. [F om the Water Gap, continuing 
by rail, may be reached Slroudsburg and the Lack- 



iV^TT TORE CITY, 6J/ 

awanna Coal Eegions of Pennsylvania ; or, south- 
ward, Easton, Philadelphia, &c.] To (5) 

Green-port, Orient, Babylon, Fire Island, &c., minor 
watering-places at the east end of Long Island ; and 
to Jamaica and other places nearer. [Beached by 
Long Island Kailroad.] Also, to Glen Cove and 
other near places on that Island, by boat. To (6) 

West Poii^T,by evening or morning boat or Hud- 
son Eiver railroad. [See route to West Point, Cats- 
kills, Albany, &c., Route No. 1.] To (7) 

New Havej^, Conn. [See Route No. 4, p. 104. 
By rail on that route, or daily boat on the Sound, 
leaving Peck Slip every afternoon for that place 
direct.] To (8) 

Bridgeport, JSforwalh, and other towns of Con- 
necticut. [Eail as in Eoute No. 4.] To (9) 

Hartfoed, capital of Conn. [Eail as in Eoute 
No. 4, or by daily boat direct.] 



ROUTE No. 1 -NORTHERN. 

NEW YOKK TO NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA, BY 

HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK CENTRAL 

RAILWAY AND CONNECTIONS. 

Division A. 

NEW YORK TO AND AT WEST POINT AND HUDSON 
HIGHLANDS. 

T-he transit from New York to West Point and the 
Highlands may be made in from two to four hours, 
by (1) Hudson River Railroad to Garrison's, thenco 
ferry to West Point; or by (2) morning boat on the 
river, to West Point direct; or (S) evening boat on 
the river, also direct. Either of the latter is prefer- 
able to the former, for reasons hereafter to be given. 

By Rail. 

Leaving New York by rail, on Hudson River 
Railroad, the first object of special interest, except 
the high lands at and about Port Washington, stud- 
ded with fine residences, — is the crossing from 
New York island to the main land of Westchester, at 
Kingsbridge or Spuytenduyvel; and on the oppo- 
site or western side of the river, commence, at about 
the same pointy 



ROUTE NO.l.—NOUTBEnN. ^ 

The Pa-lisadss, immense almost perpendicular 
masses of rock, rising sheer from the river on that 
side, in shape suggesting the name, and continuing 
at various heights of hundreds of feet, for some ten 
miles, where they break away into rugged hills. 

Beyond Spuytenduyvel, the first place of impor- 
tance passed through is the handsome small town of 
YonJcers; then Dobhs Ferry, with the long w^harf of 
the Erie Railway opposite, at Piermont, and a ferry 
between; then Tarrytoicn (where the laying over of 
a train may be well compensated in visiting " Sunny- 
side," the late residence of Washington Irving, the 
Major Andre Monument, &c., in the immediate 
neighborhood); then Sing-Sing, with its strong 
State-prison buildings, and on the opposite bank of 
the river a view of the g-orge running back to the 
celebrated Bockland Lake, from which so much of 
the best ice is derived. After leaving Sing-Sing, 
very soon is crossed the Croton Biver, from works 
on which and the lake of the same name, the New 
York supply of water is derived. Shortly after 
crossing the Croton, a mass of rocks, rising conically 
and crowned with a light-house, on the other or 
west side of the river, marks Shny Point, cele- 
brated for the reckless courage displayed in its 
capture by G-en. Y7ayne, during the Revolutionary 
War. The next stopping-place of importance is 
J*eeksHu, on leaving which the 

Highlands of the Hudson are entered, pre* 
senting their heavy and picturesque masses on both 



C4 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 

sides of the river, and enchanting the eye with the 
continual changes, appearances and disappearances 
made inevitable by the course of the railway through 
them. The disembarkation from the railway is made 
at Garrison's Landing, whence ferry-boat and omni- 
bus to the Military Academy or one of the hotels at 
"West Point. 

By Steamboat. 

Precisely the same features as those indicated by 
rail, will be enjoyed by boat, with the advantage of 
both sides of the river being seen in lieu of one, and 
the additional escaping of the noise inevitable in 
riding by rail along rocky passes. When entering 
the Highlands, however, the advantage of the boat 
is even more manifest, as there is scarcely a river or 
lake approach in the world, so magnificent as that 
through the Highlands proper, from Peekskill to 
"West Point — fine as any one point of the Rhine, 
and forcibly reminding the tourist of the middle 
and upper portions of Loch Lomond, approaching 
and above Inversnaid. It is from boat on the river, 
especially, that the alternating wild beauty and rug- 
ged grandeur of the giants of the range, their feet at 
the very water's edge, can best be appreciated. 

Morning boats, making this voyage, and then 
going on up the Hudson- to Albany, leave New York 
every morning, at an early hour; and evening boats, 
passing through the Highlands before nightfall, leave 
every afternoon. 

DisembaykatioD, froni either, is made at Cozzens* 



BO TJTE NO. l.—J^OBTEEBN. 65 

or the Military Academy docks, at TVest Point ; 
thence to the hotels by omnibus. 

At and near West Point. 

One of the principal attractions at "West Point, 
consists in the admirable views which can be enjoyed 
either from Cozzens', the fashionable hotel and sum- 
mer resort, on the high clrffs below the Military 
Academy, the Parry House, in the same vicinity, or 
the West Point, above it, making quiet lounging a 
continued luxury. This is not true of one direction 
alone, but of all, the elevation being high and the 
reaches of the river, above and below, singularly 
beautiful. Of excursions, the most notable is to 

Old Fort Putnam, ruins, with some portions of 
solid wall remaining, lying on a hill westward from 
the Academy. This fort must always retain its 
interest, as the "Key of the Highlands" during 
the Eevolutionary War, and the scene of Arnold's 
intended treason. The views from it, in all direc- 
tions, too, are the very finest to be enjoyed in any 
portion of the Highlands. An early visit will, of 
course, be paid to the 

United States Military Academy, which gives the 
place its peculiar importance, and which ranks 
among the first of military institutions, with some 
features of severity attracting peculiar attention. 
[Information as to modes and forms of visiting 
can always be obtained at the leading hotels.] In 
connection with the Academy comes the interesting 
spectacle, 



m SBOBT-TMIP GVIDE. 

Parade of the Cadets (morning and evening) — 
■wliicli should not be missed — the evening especially, 
by any w^ho desire to see the perpendicular in car- 
riage, the angular in motion, and the sharp in disci- 
pline. 

Pleasant excursions may also be made to Butter- 
milk Falls, in the neighborhood ; and across the 
river to Cold Spring, and to the Bobinson House, 
standing four or five miles south from it, where 
Arnold resided at the time of his treason. Near 
Cold Spring may also be seen TJndercliff, residence 
of the late Gen. Geo. P. Morris, the poet. 

Division B. 

WEST POINT TO AND AT THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. 

Northward from West Point, by steamboat on the 
way towards Albany, from the wharf ; or rail from 
Garrison's Station, opposite. Assuming that the 
boat will be taken, and remembering that if pro- 
ceeding by rail the variation of scene will be very 
slight — the following will be the most important 
features, beyond West Point. Emerging from the 
Highlands proper, and passing "Cro'nest" and 
"Storm King," the largest hills of the range, 
and also Cornwall Landing on the left, with much 
beauty and picturesque scenery in the neighborhood 
(among other attractions, Idlewild, residence of the 
late N. P. Wilhs), and Fishkill Landiiig on the 
right, is shoi-tly reached, on the left, 



ROUTE NO. \.—NOBTMEBN. m 

Eewbuegh, very slopingly situated on the high, 
bank, with large river-trade, an imj)ortant railway 
connection westward to the Erie road, and one^ 
feature of great importance on the bluff below: 
Washingtorts Head- Quarters, a revolutionary relic 
of prominence, with many reminders of the struggle. 
Chief Hotel, the United States. Above ISTewburgh, 
though the river is fine, there is no feature of 
marked interest, until, at the right, is reached 

PouGHKEEPSiE, a large town with some pictur- 
esqueness of location, and a triple distinction com- 
pounded of its heavy river-trade in agricultural 
products, the manufacture of ale, and the proximity 
of the noted Vassar Female College. 

Within a few miles after leaving Poughkeepsie^ 
the rough scenery is supplemented and completed 
by the breakiug into view, far ahead and to the left^ 
of the 

CatsMll Mountain Range» which thenceforth 
scarcely leaves the eye of the tourist until arrival 
— so graceful is the outline, and so beautifally blue 
the general aspect. Minor landings of Hyde Parh, 
etc., are passed, to 

RhineUch, on the right, v/here landing is made for 
Rondout and Kingston, on the opposite side (con- 
nection by ferry), and for 

The Overlook Mountain (House burned, but very ^ 
soon to be re-erected) at great height on the 
southern portion of Jthe Catskills, and commanding 
a most magnificent view, especially eastward and 



68 SHOET-TRIP GUIDE. 

southward. Also with many attractive features Id 
the neighborhood, in the Demi's Kitchen, Cleft in the 
Hocks, Pulpit Bock, Overlook Cliff, &g. Also, at a lit- 
tle distance, Shoe Lake, a beautiful and attractive 
sheet of water. [Reached from Rhinebeck by ferry 
to Rondout, thence by rail to West Hurley ; thence 
by stage-coach, by the Sawkill Greek and Woodstock, 
to destination. May also be reached by evening 
boat, direct from !N"ew York to Rondout, thence as 
before.] 

Beyond Rhinebeck are passed Barrytown and 
other landings on the right, Maldeii and others on 
the left, to 

CatsMll Landing, point of disembarkation for the 
Mountains, and of crossing from Oah Hill Station^ 
for those who have come up by the rail. Also, 
popular sum.mer resort, at the Prospect Park House, 
immediately above, with fine grounds and admirable 
view; at the Powell House (posting-house for the 
mountains, on the wharf) &c. [Oatskill Landing 
may also be reached by evening boat from New York 
direct, and direct connection made for the moun- 
tains.] 

From Oatskill Landing by stage-coach, always in 
waiting for boats and trains, by Catskill Village, the 
Half- Way House, and at one-third distance of the 
ascent of the Mountains proper, the Rip Van- Winkle 
House, with a broad flat rock beside it, on which 
tradition alleges the sleep of Irving's hero to have 
taken place. Views over the Hudson Valley are very 
fine, before reaching the 



nOTTTE NO. 1.— NORTHERN'. 69 

CatsTcill Mountain House, among the highest of 
dll American places of eastern sojourn, and in many 
regards the superior of all others on the continent, as 
to situation. The view from the house, over the 
Hudson river and valley, is wonderfully extensive 
and beautiful ; and Sunrise, as seen from the piazza, 
is scarcely second to the same spectacle from the 
famous Swiss Ehigi. Of excursions, there are many 
and most pleasing. The most interesting (longer 
ones by carriage, always in readiness) follow. To 

Kautershill Falls, wild and romantic basin, with 
two cascades, of 180 and 80 feet, and picturesque in 
every aspect, above and below, besides being -sur- 
rounded by wild and grand mountain and ravine 
scenery, and views of High Peah and Round Top, 
the two giants of the range, obtainable from different 
points. (The Laurel House, a popular place of so- 
journ, standing at near the verge of the falls, affords 
residence to the many who wish to study the splen- 
did scenery in this immediate neighborhood). To 
the Lakes, small sheets of water, lying in ])rimeval 
wildness; short walk from the Mountain House, oi 
on the way to the Falls. Through the Clove, one ot 
the most remarkable mountain clefts in the world, 
from Palensville towards Hunter, with views of the 
beautiful Faivn^s Leap Fall. To Plauterkill and 
Stony Cloves. To Parker's Ledge, overlooking the 
Clove. To Moses* and Sunset Bocks. To the tops 
of the South Mountain, North Mountain, etc. To 
the top of High Peak, laborious ascent, but with 
magnificent view, etc. 



70 BEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Division G. 

CATSKILL MOUNTAINS TO AND AT ALBAiq-Y AKD 

TEOY. 

Leave Catskill hj rail from Oak Hill Station ; or 
by boat from New York from Catskill Landing; 
making landing at 

HiTDSOi^j on the east side of the river, a large 
and thriving town, with considerable manufactuires. 
[Point of departure for Lebanon 82Jri7igs and the 
Shaker Village connected with them ; as also for 
Columbia Springs ; both minor watering-places of 
salubrious situation and increasing popularity. 
Also, railway connection east for Boston.] From 
Hudson, through scenery much tamer than along 
the Lower Hudson — past Athens (whence there is a 
railway to Albany), Coxsackie, JSFeiu Baltimore, etc., 
on the left; and Stuyvesant^ KinderJiooh (residence 
of the late President Martin Van Buren), Castleton, 
etc., on the right — to 

Albany, Capital of the State of New York, some* 
tyhat picturesquely, situated on rising ground, on the 
west bank of the Hudson, with Greenhusli opposite; 
the river spanned by a railway-bridge of recent 
erection and a certain celebrity on account of the 
opposition made to it by the residents of Troy, 
nigher up the stream. It has great commercial 
importance, as the virtual head of sailing-vessel 
navigation northward ; as a heavy lumber and tim- 
ber depot; and especially as the point at which ih% 



ROUTE NO. 1.—N0BTHEBK 71 

immense carrying-trade of the Erie and Champlain 
Canals enters the Hudson. 

The buildings best worth a yisit and observation 
are the Capitol (now being replaced by a much finer 
erection), with the Senate and Assembly Chambers 
(legislative sessions from 1st January to 1st April) ; 
the State Library, adjoining ; the State House, with 
government offices ; the Dudley Observatory, rapidly 
assuming position as one of the first institutions of 
the kind in the country; the State Arsenal; the 
University ; the Medical College (with Museum) • 
the City Hall ; State Normal School, &c. Eides 
from Albany are many and attractive — especially to 
the Cemetery (one of the handsomest in the State), 
to Colioes Falls, Lansingliirgh, and other handsome 
and thriving villages at practicable distance, and to 
some one of the Sliaher Villages lying northward— 
at the latter of which (as at Lebanon), the most odd 
and peculiar of all forms of worship may be encoun- 
tered. Leading hotels at Albany, the Delavan, Stan- 
wix Hall, Congress Hall, &c. 
From Albany, by street-car, omnibus or boat to 
Teoy, some eight miles up the rapidly-diminishing 
river from the Capital, where will be found nearly a 
rival of the latter in size and population, its superior 
in beauty of location, and not only a flourishing 
town in general manufactures, but one of the most 
extensive lumber and timber depots in the world. 
It lies on both sides of the river — the eastern portion 
called by the common name, and the western. West 



72 SHORT-TRIP QJJIDE. 

Troy. There is much manufacturing, of various 
V heavy kinds in both divisions, but especially in West 
Troy, where street-cars, stoves and oilcloths are 
among the principal articles, while at the Watervliet 
Arsenal (United States government) tbs founding 
of small arms and munitions of war is carried on 
very extensively. Troy has also additional promi- 
nence from the junction of the ISTorthern, "Western 
and Eastern lines of railway, here occurring ; it has 
some churches of prominence {St. John and 8L 
Paul, the principal) — the Rensselaer Polytecliiiic In- 
stitute, and the Female Seminary, both popular in 
management and extensive in influence. Two slight 
eminences, ■ near the town, bear the ridiculously 
classical names of Mt. Ida and Mt. Olympus ; and 
there are two pretty cemeteries — Oakwood and 
Mount Ida. From Troy, also, may be conveniently 
reached, by carriage or other conveyance, Oohoes, 
Lansingburgh, &c. 

Division D, 

NEW YOKE TO ALBANY OR TROY BY NIGHT-BOAT. 

Those who have before made the passage of the 
Hudson from New York to Albany by daylight ; or 
those who intend to return by some day-route, and 
so do not wish to consume time or experience fatigue 
on the route northward before reaching Albany — will 
be able to make the transit, so far as the latter 
place, by night-steamers on the Hudson, leaving 



ROUTE NO. 1.— NORTHERN. «J 

New York at 6 P. M., finding luxurious accommoda- 
tion for eating and sleeping, on board, and reaching 
Albany or Troy at so early an hour in the morning 
as to ensure connection with the trains for either the 
jN"orthern, Western or Eastern routes. 

For this transit two lines present themselves : the 
People's Line (N"ew Jersey Steamboat Company), in 
the yery large and splendid boats of which the full 
luxury of American river-navigation is seen; and 
the Citizens' Line (the Troy Citizens' Steamboat 
Company), displaying less splendor though supply- 
ing strong and efficient boats, and making a special- 
ty of reduced prices as compared with the People's 
Line. 

Going by either of these lines, in the long days of 
midsummer, a considerable portion of the scenery of 
the lower Hudson is passed through before the dis- 
appearance of daylight; and if time at or near the 
full moon can be chosen, the sail under such cir- 
cumstances through the Hudson Highlands affords 
aspects of peculiar beauty not otherwise attainable. 

Division E, 

ALBANY OR TROY TO AND AT TRENTON FALLS. 

The New York Central Eailroad will be taken at 
<5ither Albany or Troy, bending westward, up the 
very handsome though narrow 

Valley of the MoJiawh, considered one of the finest 
in America for tracts of quiet beauty in scenery; 



n SHOMT-TMIP GUIDE. 

and often witliin sight of that wonderful enterprise 
in original construction and present capacity of con- 
veyance, the 

Erie Canal, which crosses the whole State between 
Lake Erie^ at Buffalo, and the Hudson, at Albany ; 
—by ScJie^iGctady , a quiet little old town, principally 
celebrated as having been the scene of a dreadful 
conflagration and massacre by the Indians, during 
the Eevolutionary "War. [Railway branches here for 
Saratoga, Lake George, Lake Champlain and Mon- 
treal, for those who prefer.] From Schenectady, by 
minor stations of Fonda ; Palatine Bridge [point of 
disembarkation for Sharon Springs, reached hence 
by coach] ; Fort Plain [whence coach conyeyance 
to Otsego Lake, Cooperstown (residence of the late 
Fenimore Cooper) and Glierry Valley] ; Little Falls 
(where particular attention is due to the wondrous 
river-and-rock scenery of the pass on the left) ; and 
Herkimer— to 

UriCA, one of the flourishing large towns of Cen- 
tral New York, and Capital of Oneida County. It 
is pleasantly situated on rising ground on the south 
side of the Mohawk Eiver, and is surrounded by 
very fertile lands, from which proceeds, at the hands 
of the Welsh and other residents, one of the principal 
cheese-manufactures of the country. The town stands 
on the site of old Fort Schuyler, of Revolutionary 
fame ; is an entrepot of both the New York Central- 
Railroad and Erie Canal ; and has a peculiar though 
melancholy attraction in the large and well-managed 



ROUTE NO^ l.—NOBTHEBF. ' 75 

State LunaHc Asylum, Driyes around Utica are. 
numerous and excellent. Prominent hotels at Utica, 
Baggs* and the American^ 

Lay oyer at Utica one day or more^ and proceed, 
either by carriage direct, or by cars of the Utica and 
Black Eiyer Kaih'oad to South Treniom and Trenton 
Falls Station (thence by omnibus), to 

TEEi^TOK Falls, on West Canada Creek, branch 
of the Mohawk River — a series of cascades unexcelled 
in the world for picturesque beauty. The principal 
falls are fiye in number, successively, passing up the 
stream, the Slierman Fall, High Fall, Mill-Dam 
Fall, Allianibra Fall and Rochy Heart. To appre- 
ciate and enjoy them thoroughly, the tourist needs 
to descend the bank, by stairway, to the rocky level 
at the bottom, as far as practicable, and pass up 
along the left bank, on an irregular line of shelf- 
path, easily found, and presenting little difficulty 
and no danger to the careful. The rock-strata of 
this remarkable gorge will excite mingled wonder 
and admiration, — as will the really unique collection 
of fossils and crystals found in the neigborhood and 
kept on view at Moore^s Hotel, near the Falls. Re- 
turning from the extreme point reached, to below 
the Mill-Dam Fall, the stairway should be ascended, 
to the Rural Retreat, to view the High Fall from 
above — and way taken back to tlie Hotel through ^ 
the fine woods. Return to Utica for pursuance of " 
route northward. 



76 BEOBT-TBIF G UIDE. 

Division F, 

' TKENTON FALLS AND UTICA TO NIAGARA FALLS. 

Leave Utica by rail on New York Central Kail- 
road, to 

Rome, a thriving town, also on the Mohawk 
River and the Erie Canal. [Here, those who wish 
to proceed more directly to the St. Lawrence and 
Canada, may take Rome, Watertown and Ogdens- 
burgli Railroad, to Watertown, for crossing to Kings- 
ton and the. Grand Trunk Line in either direction — 
or to Ogdensturgli^ for crossing to Prescott and 
nearest route to Ottawa]. Rome, continuing by New 
York Central, to 

Syracuse, large and flourishing town of Onon- 
daga County, at the junction of the Erie and Oswego 
Canals, with an immense production of salt from 
the Salt-wells, and the peculiar celebrity of having 
long been the favorite place for political conven- 
tions. It is pleasantly situated at the south end 
of Onondaga Lake. [Railway connection, here, 
isouthward by the Syracuse and Binghamton Rail- 
road, to Binghamton and the Erie Railway; and 
northward to Oswego, on the shore of Lake Ontario, 
with steamer connection to Canadian ports and down 
the St. Lawrence. Branch line of the New York 
Central may also be taken, at Syracuse, diiect to 
Buffalo^ by 

AuBURK, flourishing town on Cayuga Lake, and 
capital of Cayuga County, where one of the New 



ROUTE NO. l.—NORTEBRK 77 

York State Prisons is located, and where Secretary 
. Seward lias long resided — by Cayuga, Geneva, Can- 
andaigua (whence branch lines to Rochester and. 
southward to the Erie Railway at Elmira), Cale- 
donia, LeRoy and Batavia.'] 

By main line, from Syracuse, by Clyde, Lyons 
and Palmyra, to 

EocHESTER, on the Genesee Eiver, one of the 
largest towns of Northern New York, and one of 
the most prosperous. It has a great natural curi- 
osity, in Genesee Falls, a siugle cataract of eminence, 
in jumping from which **Sam Patch," the leaper, 
lost his life, many years ago. Artificially, its lead- 
ing attractions are the great Erie Canal Aqueduct 
oyer the Genesee ; the Rochester University and 
Tlieological Seminary; Mount Hope Cemetery ; St. 
Mary's Hospital, etc. [Railway connection south- 
ward to the Erie Railway, at Corning; also by rail 
to CliarloUe, on the lake shore, whence boats to all 
points oh Lake Ontario]. Leading hotels, the Os- 
bom, Congress, Brackeit, &c. 

From Rochester, by New York Central, by Brock- 
port, Alhion, Medina, and Lochport (point of en- 
trance into the Erie Canal, from Lake Erie), to 
Niagara (village), and ^ 

Niagara Falls, first natural curiosity of America 
and admittedly among the first in the world. 



IS 8E0BT-TRIF GUIDE. 

Division G, 

AT AND ABOUT 1S"IAGAEA. 

Most Students of geography, eyen those who have 
never traveled, know that the Falls of Niagara lie 
between the State of New York, and Canada, and 
that they are formed by the rushing through the 
comparatively narrow pas^ of the ISTiagara Eiver, 
over a curved shelf of uneven rocks, of all the mighty 
mass of water going eastward from Lake Erie to 
Lake Ontario ; and to a smaller number of non„ 
visitors are known the additional facts that the 
JETorss-Shoe Fall (Canadian side) is 1,800 feet across ^ 
that Goat Island, separating the two, is 500 feet in 
width ; that the American Fall is only 900 feet in 
width; that the average depth of descent is esti- 
mated to be about 160 feet; and that the enormoug 
amount of 100,000,000 tons of water is believed to 
pass over the ledge every hour — nearly 1,500,000 
tons every minute, and about 25,000 tons every 
second or beat of the pulse ! Beyond this, no addi- 
tional statistics need be given, except that the banks 
of the river, below the falls, have a perpendicular 
height of about 180 feet, and that the ma&s of water, 
below, all the way to the Wliirlpool, is compressed 
into an average space of about 480 feet of width. 

It is scarcely necessary to say that days of sojourn 
at the Falls are desirable, to see them in all their 
varying aspect and become fully acquainted with 
Mieir beauty (often underrated) as well their gran- 



ROUTB SO. l.—NOBTHBUN. 79 

^eur. The short-trip traveler, however, will be 
better served than otherwise, with a brief statement 
of the points of view most absolutely necessary and 
most conveniently attained. Of these are (1) that 

Over the Rapids — view caught in passing from the 
neighborhood of the Cataract House, by the fragile- 
looking but perfectly-secure bridge, to Goat Island. 
It is doubtful whether the cataract itself is more im- 
pressive than this mad rush of waters, threatening to 
,3weep away the beholder at any instant, and sug- 
"^esting all the images of beautiful rage and fury. (2), 

From Goat Islandr, over the Canadian Fall, the 
Danada shore and the lower rapids — with the shape 
'if the horseshoe fully defined, and the rainbow al* 
nost constant during fine weather. (3), 

From Neiv Oh^rvatory^ below the American Fall, 
and near the Inclined Railway, with stained glass iot 
effects, &c* Beached from Prospect Park, in rear of 
Intern ation al House^ From Inclined Railway, Ferry 
i-o Canada side. (4), 

From Prospect Point, (within the Prospect Park,) 
on the American side, giving the American Fall al- 
most at the feet, and the Canadian Fall and shore 
broadly opposite. (5), 

Fro7n under the American Fall, down-river side, 
reaching that point by descent of steps or Inclined 
Railiuay, from Prospect Point. From no other 
point of view can the impression of the broken 
bright water really falling from the clouds, be caught 
in such enchanting perfection. (6), 



80 JSEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

From the River, crossing the lower rapids by boat, 
and looking up to the Falls from the greatest attain- 
able depth below them. (7), 

From the Suspension Bridges, especially the npper 
and smaller one, near the Falls. (8), 

From the Clifton Ledge, in front of the Clifton 
House, on the Canadian side — the American Fall 
being seen from this point to perhaps even better 
advantage, and the whole ensemble of the Falls bet- 
ter caught, than even in the view (9), 

From TaUe Rock, higher up on the Canadian 
side, immediately at the verge and edge of the Horse- 
Shoe Fall, always a favorite with experienced visi- 
tors, and from which point the view in Church's 
great picture was taken. Descent 

Under the Falls may be made, by those who have 
taste for that style of adventure — either by going 
down the Biddle Staircase, from Goat Island (under 
American Fall and to the Cave of the Winds)^ or- the 
staircase at Table Eock (under Canadian Fall, to 
Termination Roch). ^Neither of these descents should 
be made, however, without due preparation of water- 
proof clothing (kept on hand at both points named), 
and the services of a capital guide. 

Lunar Island, joined by a bridge to Goat Island 
on the right, should be visited, in sunlight to see 
the JRainhow of the Falls in greatest perfection and, 
in moonlight, if the time of visit so serves, in the 
chance of seeing that most wonderful of spectacles, 
the Lunar rainlow* 



ROUTE NO. l—NOBTHEHN. 81 

The Sister Islands (fcliree) are now connected with 
Goat Island and with each other, by strong and 
handsome suspension-bridges; and no visitor to the 
Falls should fail to go out on each of them, for the 
unequalled view of the Upper Kapids thus to be 
obtained. That from the extreme outward one is 
perhaps the finest of all. 

The Wliirlpool and Whirlpool Rapids^ three miles 
below the Falls, on the American side (elevator to 
descend to the river-side, at the latter), show some 
of the most terrible rushes of water in the world, 
and also the outlet, beyond, into the deep-banked 
river. 

Other Sp^ots to be profitably visited at and near 
the Falls, may be named 

Grand Island, very large island, above (reached 
by ferry) notable as the spot where Major Mordecai , 
M. ]N"oah, of New York, some fifty years ago com- 
menced to build what he believed to be the City of 
Restoration of the Jews. (Monument commemora- 
tive, still remaining) ; 

. Burbling Spring, within a short walk above the 
Falls, on die Canada side, showing some rare phe- 
nomena in liquid combustion ; 

Lundifs Lane (Canada side — carriage), scene of 
the Battle of Chippewa (1812), with observatories 
and many stories of that battle ; 

Queenston and Leiviston, opposite towns on the 
Niagara Eiver, seven or eight miles below the Falls ; 
the former (Canada side) with a handsome monu- 



83 8H0RTTBIF GUIDE. 

ment to tlie English General Brock, who fell here in 
1812. Prominent hotels at Niagara, the Interna^ 
tional, Cataract and Parh Place, on the American 
side ; and the Clifton, on the Canada side. 

[From Niagara (Suspension Bridge) through 
Canada, by Great Western Eailway,. to Detroit, 
Chicago, and the West (including California) ; or, 
Niagara to Buffalo, and West by the Lake Shore 
Eailroad; or, by the Grand Trunk, to Toronto, 
Ottawa, Montreal, and other Canadian cities; or, 
rail to Kingston, and thence boat to and down the 
Eiver St. Lawrence to Montreal, etc, [See Cana- 
dian routes.] 



ROUTE NO. 2 -NORTHERN. 

N"EW YORK TO BUFFALO, NIAGAEA FALLS AliO) 
CANADA, BY THE ERIE RAILWAY. 

Leave Xew York (by morning train, for enjoy- 
ment of Delaware and Susquehanna scenery) by 
ferry from foot Chambers St., or foot 23d St, to 
Long Doch at Pavonia (New Jersey), midway, be- 
tween tlie towns of Hoboken and Jersey City — the 
immense range of wharf commanding admiration for 
the enterprize which has created the wdiole from 
tide- water and useless marsh; and its importance 
for a short time added to, as the site of the piers 
and houses of the White Star Line of Steamers to 
Liverpool, now removed. 

From Long Dock, by rail, on the Erie Railway; 
the first point of interest after departure being 
the 

Bergen Ihinnel, through the West Bergen Hills, 
reached within a few moments after leaving the 
wharf, three-quarter mile in leugth, and considered a 
most costly and elaborate piece of engmeermg, until 
dwarfed by recent examples in the same line. Be- 
yond, the first town of any importance passed 
through, is 

Patersox, New Jersey, capital of Passaic County, 
in that State; the town presenting many interesting 



84 8E0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 

features in manufactures and industry. Paper, cot- 
ton, silk and other fabrics are extensively produced ; 
and iron and steel working haye eyen more promi- 
nence. The Ivanhoe Paper Mills, here, are the most 
extensive in the country ; Paterson foundries boast 
of being able to produce steamship-shafts and other 
heavy irons, of greater size than any others in Ame- 
rica ; and two of the most successful and notable of 
the establishments for the manufacture of locomo- 
tive engines, in the world, are located here — those of 
Grant, and of the Rogers Co., of whom the former 
won the great gold medal at the French Exposition 
ot 1867, for the splendid locomotive '' America." 
Within the boundaries of the town are also to be 
seen the 

Passaic Falls, on the river of the same name- 
well v/orthy the tourist's attention, from the peculiar 
character of the chasm into which the river leaps, 
and the rock-scenery in the vicinity. Beyond Pater- 
son, the scenery, which has so far been tame, rough- 
ens and becomes better worthy of notice, as the hills 
of Orange County begin to break into view; and 
thenceforth, for a long distance, it may be said that 
the Erie road is one of the' most picturesque in 
America — a marvel of wild natural beauty in sur- 
roundings, as well as of enterprize in engineeringo 
At 

Siiffern^s Station [junction with the old road, 
now used for freight only, to Piermont, on the Hud 
|9n], commences the fine scenery of the 



nOUTE NO. ^.—NOBTEEBN. 30 

Ramapo Mountains, Gap and Valley, scene of 
many of General Washington's warlike operations; 
and the country around and beyond, entering Orange 
County, in the State of New York, equally cele- 
brated for the wonderful richness of its dairy pro- 
ducts — the noted Orange County milk and littter. 

At Sloatshurg, stage may be taken to Greenwood 
LaJce, a rural summer resort of much beauty and 
some popularity. 

At Greycourt occurs the junction with another 
and now more important branch of the line — that to 
Newburgh, on the Hudson. Also, connection to 
favorite watering-place, Greenwood Lake. At 

Goshen, connection with Montgomery and Wal- 
kill Valley Branch, for Kingston and Kondout* 
Soon after is reached 

Middleioivn, largest town of Orange Co., with much 
industry, extensive iron-works, an academy, and a 
surrounding country at once fertile and picturesque. 
-Beyond Middletown soon comes into view the mag- 
nificent scenery, and bold engineering operations con- 
nected with the great 

Shaivangunh Mountain, the passage around which, 
by railway, was once deemed impossible. From this 
point, alternate rock cuttings of great depth and 
length, and magnificent views over the Neversink 
Valley and into the wild gorges of the Upper Dela- 
ware (river), of which the first comprehensive views 
are caught shortly before reaching 

Port Jervis, a village picturesquely situated among 
the mountains, at the point of junction of three 



80 SHOBT'TRIP GUIDE. 

States — New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 
and once enjoying evil repute from the facility with 
which doubtful characters residing there could quick* 
ly change their State and thus baffle the officers of 
justice. It is now a place of limited summer resort 
and the end of the first or Eastern Division of the 
Erie road. [Falls of the SawMll, fine cascades, six 
miles distant;, by carriage or stage-coach.] 

Beyond Port Jervis the tourist enjoys fine views 
of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, in full opera- 
tion; and then comes the yet wilder scenery of the 
Upper Delaware, the road running in many places 
closely along its high rocky banks, and the en- 
gineering of the whole line at this section worthy of 
being remembered beside that of the Rhone Valley 
road among the heights of Jura, and that of the 
road through the Apennines between Bologna and 
Florence. At near Sholiola, perhaps the finest and 
wildest portion of the railway scenery is passed; 
though the views approaching and leaving Laclca- 
waxe7i should' by no means be lost. Passing Mast 
Hope, Narrowsburg, Callicoon (the latter and indeed 
all the places lately named, great headquarters for 
trout-fishermen and mountain-sportsmen generally) 
and Hancock, 

At Deposit {^orm.eYlj dinner-station) farewell is bid- 
den to Delaware Eiver. Beyond this point the grade 
is somewhat heavy and the ascent slow, until the top 
of the ridge is reached, after which follows corres- 
pondingly rapid descent for a certain distance. Not 



BOUTE NO. 2.—N0BTHERK CT 

long after commencement of the descent, is crossed 
the once celebrated 

Cascade Bridge^ with a single arch oyer a ravine 
nearly two hundred feet in depth (now changed to 
a high embankment) ; and here begin to be caught 
wonderful views over the loyely Valley of the Susque- 
hanna and the fine Eiver of that name. Yery soon 
after is crossed the 

Starucca Viaduct, a splendid stone structure some 
1,200 feet in length and about 120 feet in height — 
considered one of the noblest railway bridges on tb^e 
Continent, while the scenery from and around it is 
wondrously lovely and attractive. Still another 
high crossing is made over a fine wooden trestle 
bridge, at Lanesharough ; and then is reached 

Susquehanna, now dinner- station and the end of 
the second or Delaware division of the road, as well 
as noted for engine-work and other heavy manufac- 
tures. Only a few miles beyond is reached 

Great Bend, another important railway station, 
and the point of intersection with this road, of the 
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Eoad, from ihQ 
Coal Regions of Pennsylvania. [Near Kirkwood, 
next station beyond, may be seen an old wooden 
house possessing a certain interest as the place of 
birth of the first Morman prophet, Joe Smith]. The 
next place of importance reached is 

BiNGHAMTOK, handsomely situated at the junc- 
tion of the Susquehanna and Chenango rivers, and 
deriving its name from an early settler, Mr. Bing- 



88 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE, 

ham, ancestor on one side of the present noble 
English banking family, the Ashburton-Barings. 
Site of the Neiv Yorh State Inebriate Asylum; 
and a thriving and healthful town. [Connection 
with the ISTew York Central Eailroad, by the Syra- 
cuse and Binghamton road.] The next important 
station is 

OioegOy a large and handsome village, on creek of 
the same name, with Glenmary, old residence of 
N. P. Willis, near it. [Connection, northward, by 
rail, to 

Itliaca, handsome town at the head (or south 
end), of Cayuga Lake, seat of Cornell University, 
and with much fine scenery in the neighborhood, 
among which may be noted no less than fifteen 
waterfalls, varying from 30 to 160 feet in height, 
and five of them or 100 feet or more. Very hand- 
some excursions may be made on Cayuga Lake, 
from Ithaca; or branch rail pursued to Auburn 
and the New York Central road; or a charming 
drive taken across country to the head of Seneca 
Lake, Watkins, and Watkins G-len (see following).] 

Pursuing route on Erie road, from Ithaca, some 
half dozen stations beyond is reached 

Elmira, another chief town of Western New 
York, on the Chemung Eiver, with handsome 
scenery, and much thrift and prosperity. [Connec- 
tions, northward, directly with Niagara F;;lls, by 
the Northern Central road of Pennsylvania ; south- 
ward, to Harrisburgh, Philadelphia, &c., by the 
same road; and northward by same road to 



ROUTE NO. '^.—NOBTHERK 88(Z 

Wathins, pleasant village at the head of Seneca 
Lake, with fine outlook oyer it, and interesting 
excursions from it, by water or land; aud to 

Watkiks Glek, only for a few years known to 
the body of travelers, but now with assured promi- 
nence as among the true wonders of the American 
Continent, and already attracting large numbers of 
visitors from all lands. It has some of the charac- 
teristics of both Trenton Palls and the Flume at 
the Franconia Notch of the White Mountains, 
with others especially its own. As technically de- 
scribed, the most notable feature is found in a deep 
ravine or chasm in the hills, through which a stream 
brawls and struggles in its way to the plain below. 
In some places the sides of the gorge are not more 
than twenty feet apart, and rise to a sheer height 
of two hundred feet. Again they widen, forming 
a vast amphitheatre four or five hundred feet apart 
and as many high, and a quarter of a mile in length, 
with a level floor on which the water spreads out 
in acres, with a depth of two or three inches. In 
another place, a steep staircase, almost perpendicu- 
lar, crosses the ravine in the face of a lofty cascade, 
having a huge well at its base, of unknown depth, 
into which the water plunges with great noise and 
violence. Again, over another fall is formed a beau- 
tiful rainbow. Another place is filled with deep 
pools, and another has a sloping water-way of 
smoothly worn rock, down which the stream rushes 
with force literally overwhelming and irresistible, j 



S8S BHOBT'TBIP GUIDE. 

Says a late writer, of coming out from the Glen : 
^' Directly below us is the Tillage, with its straight 
avenues and streets and an abundance of shrub- 
bery and tr^es. Stretching away for thirty miles in 
front is the Seneca, one of the most beautiful lakes 
in the world. Its width at its southern extremity 
is about one mile, and its length thirty- six. At 
some points the width is five or six miles. Some 
of the most noticeable features of this lake are its 
great depth — in places nearly a thousand feet ; the 
entire absence of islands ; the extreme coldness 
of its waters in summer, and the apparently con- 
tradictory fact that it never freezes, though located 
in a high latitude. The drives over the hills in 
every direction about Watkins are interesting in the 
extreme, and of endless variety. Oeneva, one of 
the oldest and most aristocratic villages in Western 
!New York, is at the foot of the lake, and can be 
reached by steamboat three times daily. Ithaca, 
the seat of Cornell University, is at the head of 
Cayuga Lake, and is twenty miles east of Watkins, 
over the hills." Hotels at the Glen and vicinity, 
the Glen Parh, Glen Mountain, Lake View, Fall 
Broolc, and Jefferson. 

Pursuing main route on Erie road, at 
Corning, also on the Chemung, occurs a connec- 
tion with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania, by Corning 
and Blossburg road; Also, branch of Erie road 
runs northward direct to Kochester. 



EOVTE NO. ^.—KOBTHEBN; 80 

At Hornellsville the Erie Railway branches into 
two main lines, the one leading west, by 

Salamanca [junction with the Atlantic and Great 
Western road, south westward to Corry and the Oil 
Eegions of Pennsylvania] and Dayton, to 

DuKKiRE, on Lake Erie, terminus of the Erie 
Railway in that direction, and point of junction with 
the Lake Shore Railroad for Cleyeland and Toledo 
(Ohio), Chicago, and other points west and north- 
west. 

The second or northern branch of the Erie road? 
leaving Hornellsville, runs northwestward, by K"unda, 
Portage (with splendid bridge, of great height, and 
fine Fall of the Genesee, called Portage Fall), War- 
saw and Attica, to 

BurFALO, on Lake Erie, largest town of Western 
Xew York, and one of the most important commer- 
cial depots of the Middle States. It only dates f>rom 
the commencement of the century, owing much 
of its rapid early progress to the enterprising and 
unfortunate Benjamin Rathbun, who involved him- 
self fatally in the attempt to make it the Queen of 
the Lakes. It is the point of entrance to the Erie 
Canal, from the Lake, and enjoys an immense 
grain and other shipping trade with the West, by 
steamers and large schooners. It has now not less 
than 40 large grain warehouses, with capacity for 
storing sis to eight millions of bushels; has very 
large iron manufactures; has several public grounds 
— Terrace Park, Niagara, Delaware, Washington, 



90 8E0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Franklin and other squares ; has a University, Medi 
cal School, Orphan Asylum, Marine Hospital, &c. ; 
and many of the public buildings, including the 
City Hall, Custom House, Post Office, State Arsenal, 
Market Houses and some of the Churches (the Ro- 
man Catholic Cathedral especially) are worthy the 
attention of even the temporary sojourner. After- 
noon breezes from the Lake, facilities for water-excur- 
sions, proximity to the Canadian shore, &c., make 
Buffalo a charming place of abode during the hot 
season, though the atmosphere is often too damp for 
the health of invalids inclined to pulmonary trouble. 
Prominent Hotels, Tifft House, Mansion House, Bon- 
ney House, &c. 

[IkiliUio, by rail to Niagara Falls and Suspension 
Bridge, for Canada and the East, or for the West, 
(See close of previous route). Or, direct to Sarnia, 
Detroit, Chicago, &C.5 by the Grand Trunk Kailway. 
Or, to Dunkirk and the Lake Shore road thence to 
the West. Or, by Lake steamer to Cleveland and 
other points westward.] 



ROUTE NO. 3 -NORTHERN. 

I^EW TOKK TO SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE 

CHAMPLAIK AIsTD MONTREAL, WITH OPTIOIi?" 

OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN'S. 

l^ew York to Albany or Troy, as by ISTorthei'iL 
Eoute No. 1. Thence train on the Eensselaer and 
Saratoga Railroad along the Hudson and Mohawk 
Eivers, and with a yiew in passing of the Falls 
of Colioes, on the latter, and also of the Erie Canal 
and of Round Lake — to 

Ballston Spa, once the rival of Saratoga as a place 
of medicinal and fashionable resort, and still fre- 
quented by a considerable number of health-seekers, 
though the largest of the hotels, the 8ans Souci, has 
long since been conyerted into a seminary, and the 
tide of summer travel has turned towards the more 
celebrated springs. Ballston has original adv^an- 
tages of location oyer Saratoga, the fine creek or 
small riyer, the Kayederosseras, flowing through it, 
and materially adding to pleasantness as an abode ; 
and while as a watering-place it will never quite 
decay, it may some day see a return to its old popu- 
larity. From Ballston, half an hour, through very 
flat though well shaded country, to 

Saratoga (better known as " Saratoga Springs") 
— ^the most fashionable of the American Spas. 



92 SEORT-miP GUIDK 

^ . Division A. 

AT KWD ABOUT SAKATOGA. 

This most celebrated of .summer resorts on the 
Western Continent, with the possible exception of 
!N"iagara — has few natural features to produce such 
continued celebrity, its situation being comparatively 
low, its soil sandy, and its climate decidedly hot in 
midsummer. But long care and much expense 
have made its grounds shaded and attractive ; and 
the number and varied character of its springs have 
counterbalanced all opposition and given it a popu- 
larity not likely to lessen during the present centu- 
ry. During the past few years, speculation (not to 
call it by any worse name), has joined with liberal en- 
terprize in providing extraordinary attractions, in 
the shape of 

The Race- Course absorbing attention during a 
certain number of days of the season, and presenting 
some of the worst features of the English turf, in the 
way of high betting ; and 

The Play-IIouse^ in imitation of Baden-Baden and 
Hombourg, with the addition of being owned and 
managed by an Honorable M. C. Another and more 
meritorious feature is 

The Leland Opera House, near and attached to 
the Union Hotel, and affording splendid opportuni- 
ties for concerts, grand balls and other festivals, 
more pleasant to the sojourners than (it is to be 
feared) profitable to those providing the accommoda- 



no Um NO. ^.—NORTHBUW. m 

tion. Of course the principal source of popularity 
and profit lias been found in 

The Springs, of wliich tlie whole number must 
approach twenty, very different in character, while 
upon two or three of them has been concentrated, 
until lately, nearly the whole poimlarity giving 
patronage to the group. The waters of the Congress 
lead the list, now, instead of monopolizing as they 
once did: they are bottled extensively and sent 
everywhere, as well as consumed unlimitedly at the 
Spring. After them, of late, have come the ^m- 
pire, pressing close upon the Congress as an arti- 
cle of commerce; and no small amount of popularity 
in the same line is being attained by those of the 
Hiijlh Rode (held to be specially strong and medici- 
nal), i\\Q IIcdhor7i, the Constitution, &c., — while the 
Iodine, the ColicniMa?! and others command exten- 
sive home-consumption. The virtual " Pump-Iloom" 
of Saratoga, meanwhile, has been and continues in 
the Congress Spring, most picturesequely located 
and best kept, and with fine grounds near to add to 
its attraction. 

[Saratoga suffered very severely By fire in 1865 
and 186G, two of the oldest and largest of the hotels, 
the United States and Congress Hall, almost as 
truly features of the place as the Springs themselves, 
and endeared by a thousand recollections as well as 
made classic by Willis' charming sketches, going 
down in those years. Both of them have since been 
rebuilt, however, with enlarged accommodation; the 



04 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 

additions have been numerous; and though there 
haye been supplementary fires among the hotels, in 
1871 and 1874, there is no fear whatever of Saratoga 
permanently suffering from deficiency of hotel ac- 
commodation. 

[The hint is worth something, to strangers — that 
the most delightful time for visiting Saratoga is to 
be found later than the full season — say in Septem- 
ber and early October, when the climate is delicious., 
and when the loveliest sunsets of the world (finer 
than the Italian) can be enjoyed from the hills 
just northward.] 

Excursions from Saratoga are not many or remark- 
ably varied. The most popular is found in the after- 
noon ride to the LaJce, three miles distant — a hand- 
some forest-girded bit of water, with fine facilities 
for boating and fishing, and with Moon's and 
AbelFs '^Lake Houses" to supply entertainment to 
visitors. With this ride is often combined a visit to 
Barliydfs Mill, on the road — also made classic by 
Wilhs. Another excursion, generally made, is that 
to the Battle Field of Stillwater — scene of Sir John 
Burgoyne's surrender to Genl. Gates in 1777. 

Prominent Hotels at Saratoga, Grand TJnion^ Con- 
gress Hall, United States, Clarendon, &c. 

Division B» 

SARATOGA TO AND AT LAKE GEOKGE. 

The route from Saratoga is by cars of the Saratoga 
and Washington Railroad, to 



ROUTE NO. Z.—NORTEERK 95 

Fori Edward, on the Ilndsoii — site of one of the 
old fortifications of the French and Indian War 
period, but now a thriving village, with loicturesqne 
river- scenery. At Fort Edward branch rail is taken 
to 

Glenn's Falls (often called simply " Glenn's"), a 
village also j)icturesqnely situated on the Hudson, at 
a pass of the river through rocks of terrible wildness, 
v/ith a broken fall, at and around which Cooper laid 
the scene of a part of the ^-'Last of the Mohicans."' 
Glenn's Falls has also large lime manufactures. 
Here stage is taken for Lake George, over a moun- 
tain road affording scenery of equal beauty and 
grandeur, forming fit introduction to the Lake. 
Half way between Glenn's and the Lake is passed 

Bloody Pond^ scene of the defeat of Col. "Williams 
by the French and Indians under Baron Dieskau, 
and slaughter of all his force, in 1755, during the 
old French wars, and of which the name is said to 
have been derived from the literal filling of the pond 
with bodies on that occasion. Shortly after leaving 
Bloody Pond, and on emergence from the forest on 
high ground, is enjoyed one of the most magnificent 
views supplied by the Western Continent, in the 
beautiful ^' Horicon " (Indian name of Lake George) 
its islands and mountain borderings. 

Caldwell, south end of the Lake, is tire spot where \ 
the traveller is set down by the coach; and here 
and near are located some of the most enjoyable of 
the hotels welcoming visitors 



M SEOBT-TRir GUIDE. 

Eoivinff, Sailing, and Fisliing on Lake George are 
privileges not to be ignored: the more enjoyable for 
the wonderfal clearness of tlie water, which often 
allows the bottom to be seen at twenty or thirty feet, 
and which won for it from the French the name of 
"Le Lac du St. Sacrament" and induced the carry- 
ing of the water to great distances for baj)tismal 
purposes. The yariety of fish caught — trout, perch, 
pike, &c., commends it to the special favor of sports- 
men. It is while on the water, too, that the beauti- 
ful panorama of the Lake, with its islands and en- 
circling mountains, admitted to be among the finest 
on the globe, can best be enjoyed. 

The Old Forts must command a certain degree of 
attention from the visitor to Lake George, combin 
ing, as they do, historical interest with their loca- 
tion. Of Fort William Henry, the small traces oi 
embankment remaining lie immediately beside the 
Hotel of the same name, from in front of which the 
best views are commanded and the steamboat em- 
barkations on the Lake are made. Of Fort George, 
half a mile eastward, considerable portions of the 
crumbling walls yet present themselves, half buried 
by earth and overgrown with trees. Leading hotels 
at Lake George, the Lake House and Fort William 
^Henry. 

1^ [From Lake George may be visited, by stage- 
wagon or other conveyance, .Sclirooii Lake a small 
wild, picturesque sheet of water, lying north-west- 
ward ; and thence, the lower part of the 



ROUTE NO. Z.—NOETEERN. in 

Adirondach Mountams, among the boldest and 
most interesting chains of the East, and of late 
years very popular as resorts for pleasure- seekers and i 
health-seekers who have no objection to "camping- 
out" and "roughing" it a little. Particulars of 
special routes, best obtained of those who manage 
the conveyances; as all other information on such 
partially-opened lines, must be more or less unreli- 
able and risky.] 

Leaving Caldwell for the passage northward, a 
small steamer is taken ; and the entire passage to 
Ticonderoga, about 35 miles, is one of the mast 
charming in any land, affording otherwise unattain- 
able viev/s of the surrounding mountains and the 
almost countless islands of the little body of water 
BO favored, the actual number of which is said to 
reach nearly or quite three hundred. Among the 
most notable of these in this part of the Lake, are 
Diamond Island^ Burgoyne's military depot in 1777; 
Long Island, north of Diamond ; Twelve Mile Is- 
land, near Bolton. J^ot far beyond the latter, 
Tongue Mountain thrusts itself out into the Lake 
to a great distance (whence the name), forming a 
part of the Narroius, entered just beyond, under the 
shadow of Blade Mountain, the highest peak of the 
lake-shore. North of the N"arrows comes Sallath 
Day Point, a strip of low, cultivated land, so named, 
as alleged, by Genl. Abercrombie, from a Sunday 
morning embarkation of troops made there. Not 
far beyond, passing the bold headland of Rogers' 



98 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

Slide, are passed Priso^iers' Island, used as a place 
of military confinement by the English during the 
old French war; and Lord Iloive's Point, where 
that English general landed to make his attack on 
Ticonderoga. Directly beyond comes an insignificant 
landing, at which concludes the beautiful sail on 
Lake George, and the tourist enjoys a three mile 
ride, often in a rough wagon instead of a stage-coach^ 
oyer a rough road that still seems to be unobjection- 
able and in keeping with the journey, to the ruins of 
Ticonderoga. 

Division C. 

TICOKDEKOGA BY LAKE CHAMPLAIK TO 
MONTREAL. 

Crossing from .Lake George, by stage-coach 02 
wagon, as above, 

Fort Ticonderoga will be found only a ruin, with 
one gable remaining to show its original height. li 
was first constructed by the French, about 1756, but 
derives its principal interest from the peculiar mode 
of its summons to surrender by the madcap Vermon- 
ter, Ethan Allen, in 1775, the form.ula being : " In 
the name of the Continental Congress and the Great 
Jehovah !" It was soon retaken by the British, how- 
ever, and held during the war., [From Ticonderoga 
' detour may be made to Groivoi Point, another place 
of revolutionary interest, taken at nearly the same 
time ; and thence may be reached most conveniently 
by wagon and on foot, Lalce Sanford, Lahe Bender- 



EOTJTE NO. Z.—NORTHERK 99 

son, and beyond the famous Indian Pass and tlie 
great peak^ of the Adirondack Monntains ; Tah- 
aivu% or Mount Marcy, Mount Mclntyrei the DiaJ'^ 
Mountain, etc.] ^ 

At the "wharf at Ticonderoga, to continue main 
route northward, steamer on Lake Champlain is 
taken; and thenceforth, in fine weather, is found 
a sail of many hours, not often equaled in enjoy- 
ment. Besides the towns and hamlets studding the 
shores, there are special points of interest on the 
Lake in the shape of singular rocks and islands, of 
which the most notable, below, may be mentioned as 
SjMt Roclcy an immense mass of ironstone, half an 
acre in extent, split away from the main only about 
twelve feet ; the Four Brothers, small islands always 
haunted and half covered with noisy gulls, like Ailsa 
Craig; Juniper Island and Rock Dundee, both 
masses of rocks rising to the height of oyer 30 feet. 
It is not in these particulars, however, that lies the 
chief charm of sailing on noble Champlain (130 miles 
in length, and width varying from \ mile to 13 : 
area covered, about 500 sq. miles). That principal 
charm lies in the presence of a noble range of moun- 
tains at either side : at the right, the Green Moun- 
tains of Vermont, among the highest in Eastern 
America ; on the left, at greater distance, the equally 
noble range of the Adirondaclcs. 

Landings are made, on the right, at 

BuRLiisrGTOiT, Vermont, one of the largest and 
most important towns in the State, with a Univer- 



100 8H0MT TBIP G UIDK 

sity, many fine buildings, manufactures, and a great 
concentration of railway, steamboat ancl stage-coacli 
routes. At Burlington are also enjoyed, as from the 
Lake approaching it, fine views of the two highest 
peaks of the Green Mountains, Ml. Mansfield and 
CameVs Hump. Hotels, the American, &c. 

[At Burlington, rail may be taken, by those who 
prefer, by 81. ATban^s and St. John^s, direct to 
Montreai. See Division D, following.] 

Continuing from Burlington by boat, the J^ake is 
crossed, norlh-westward, to 

Plattshurg, thriving town of ^ew York, lying on 
the west shore, and scene of the land-and-naval 
battle between the English and Americans, in Sep- 
tember, 1814, won for the latter by General Macomb 
and Commodore McDonough. Hotel : FouqiieCs. 

[From Plattshurg may be visited 

Eeeseville, a thriving town of Essex County; and 
thence the Au Scible River, the Saranac Lakes, and 
the great fishing and pleasure grounds of the 

lSroRTHEK;s" Adirokdagk Mou:n"taiks. For either, 
and especially for the latter, stage is taken at Keese- 
ville, and special routes traced out through particu- 
lar information locally derived. For any extended 
advance into the mountains, however, certain pro- 
visions, conveniences and changes of clothing must 
be provided, after taking the special local advice 
above noted, and before leaving the towns on th<? 
shores of Lake Ohamplain, for the absolute wilder 
ness lying behind them,] 



ROUTE FO. ?j.—:^^OBTnERN'. 101 

Contiuiiing from Plattsburgbyboat, final landing 
is made at 

RoiLse^s Point, also on the western shore of tlie 
Lake, and unimportant except for this transit and 
the fact that it lies at the yery border of the Do- 
minion of Canada. 

From Eoiise's Point, by rail, to St. Jolm^s and to 
MoxTPtEAL. (For description, &c., see j). 247.) 

Division D. 

TICOXDEROGA TO MONTREAL BY BOAT Als"D EAIL. 

As by jirevious route (Division C) to 

Burlington, Vermont. At Burlington leave Cham- 
plain boat and. take rail of the Vermont Central road. 
to 

St, Alban^s, Vermont, one of the handsomest towns 
in the State, lying near Lake Champlain, with fine 
scenery, many noble buildings, considerable popu- 
larity as a summer-resort, an immense butter-and- 
cheese market, and a historical celebrity on account 
of the "raid" made upon it, from Canada, On the 
19th of October, 1864, by the Confederate refugees 
then resident in the Dominion. Principal hotel, 
the Welden House, [Railway connection from 
St. Alban's, by the Missisquoi road, to Sheldon, 
and the Missisquoi Springs, popular hygienic 
resort.] 

From St. Alban's, by rail, by St. John's to MoiT- 
IKEAL. (See p. 247.) 



103 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

Division E. 

SAEATOGA TO MOKTEEAL, BY EAIL. 

Leave Saratoga bj Saratoga and Washington road, 
(as by Division B,) to 

Whitehall, New York, at tlie southern end of 
Lake Ohamplain — town of age, and much import- 
ance in connection with the lumber trade and the 
extensive transportation through the Ohampkiin 
Canal, commencing at that point, from the Lake to 
Albany. [Point of departure of steamboats on 
Lake Champlain, for Northern New York, Vermont 
or New Hampshire Mountains, or Canada, — for those 
coming up directly from New York or other more 
southerly points, by Albany or Troy. See Divi- 
sions C and D, pp. 99 and 101.] 

Continuing by rail from Whi tehall, and entering 
the State of Vermont, through the great marble- 
quarry region of that State; by Castleton, virtual 
centre of that trade; to 

EuTLAKD, thriving and handsome town, with 
railway connections in all directions, pleasant loca- 
tion, and fine mountain-and-valley scenery, as well 
as much productive industry. Hotel, the Bates 
House. 

From Eutland, by Midcllelury and minor stations, 
to BuELiNGTOi:^ (see that place in Division C, p. 99). 
Burlington, by Vergennes and minor stations, to St. 
Alban's (see that place in Division D, p. 101). St. 
Alban's to St. John's and Moi^TEEAL. (See p. 247.) 



ROUTE NO. ^.—NOBTHERK 103a 

Division F. 

FAV-OEITE TOUEIST EOUTE FROM KEW TOEK TO 

]VIONTEEAL. 

l^Tew York, by Central Eail Eoad, Day Boat or 
Hi gilt Boat, to Albany or Troy (see Eoiite I, 
Division A, page 62). Albany or Troy to Bara- 
toga, LaTce George, and take Oliamplain boat at 
Ticoncleroga, as by Route 3, Divisions A, B and C, 
pp. 91 to 99. Or, Albany or Troy to Saratoga (omit- 
ting Lake George) ; thence rail to WMteliall and 
take Champlain steamer tliere. By boat on Lake 
Champlain to Burlington, and thence rail by St. 
Alban's and St. John's to Mo:!srTEEAL ; or by boat to 
Burlington, Plattsburg and Rouse's Point, and 
then-ce rail by St. John's to Montreal. (See p. 247.) 

Division G. 

EASTEEl!^-STATES ALL-EAIL EOUTE EEOM KEW TOEK 
TO MOXTEEAL. 

ITew York to JSfeiu Haven^ Hartford and Speikg- 
FiELD, as by Route No. 4, Division A, pp. 103 to 
106. Springfield, by Connecticut River and con- 
necting roads, to 

Belloius Falls, railway-centre of importance on 
the Connecticut River, with connections eastward 
to BosTOK, &c. Thence to 

White River Junction, another railway-centre with 
equally important connections, at the intersection of 



1026 SnORT-TBIP GtFlDE. 

the Connecticut and White Eivers. Thence to St, 
Aldmi's, St. Johiv's and Montreal. (See p. 247.) 

HINTS rOE RETUEHIKG SOUTHWARD. 

As stated in many other places in this volume, it 
is a matter of policy, always, in returning from one 
of two points to another, to vary the route from that 
selected in going, unless special reasons require 
passing over the same ground. And in no direction 
does this require more closely to be borne in mind, 
than, say, between New York and the Canadian 
cities; the routes being so mafiy and all so interest- 
ing, that no choice supplying variety can well be 
amiss, if time or other circumstance does not pre- 
vent. The reminder need scarcely be added, that, 
all the preceding routes beiDg marked out as (/oini/ 
nortlnvard, for proceeding southward any one of 
theni needs simply to be reversed. 



ROUTE !^0. 4 -EASTERN. 

K"EW YOEB: to BOSTON, BY KEW HAVEX, HARTrOED, 

AKL» SPEIKGFIELD (RAIL) ; BY PROVIDEiN'CE 

(EAIL) ; BY NEWPORT, NEW LONDON OR 

STONINGTON (SOUND-BOAT). 

Division A. 

BY BAIL, BY SPRINGFIELD. 

Leave Kew York by morning express of Kew 
Hayen Railroad, by WiUiam^s Bridge (point of 
diyergence of the l^ew York and Harlem road), 
by seyeral unimportant stations (with occasional and 
pleasant views of Long Island Sound, at the right), 
to Stamfoi'd^ Darien and NorwaTk (Connecticut), 
(the loiter the scene of a serious accident, train run- 
ning into the Eive.r, at the Brido-e, manv years 
since) ; then by other unimportant suuions, to 

Bridgeport^ on Long Island Sound, large and im- 
portant manufacturing town, especially in the de- 
tail of Sewing Machines, of which two of the largest 
factories in the world, the Wheeler & Wilson^ and 
Howe, are located here. Also, point of intersection 
of lines of railway leading to the manufacturing in-| 
terior of Connecticut (Housatonic and Kaugatuck) ; 
and old residence of the celebrated showman, P. T. 
Barnum. Bridgeport to 



104 SUOMT-TBIP GUIDE. 

!N"ew HAVEiq", also on Long Island So and (lines 
» of steamers to and from New York) ; one of the 
most important towns of the East, and seat of YaU 
College, as well as noted for the shaded beauty of its 
streets and the peculiar magnificence of its elm-tree 
avenues, the latter feature giving it the name of the 
"Elm City/' New Haven is well worthy of a so- 
journ for examination. The first point of interest 
is of course to be found in the College Buildings, of 
which there are some fifteen, with a remarkable 
air of antiquity, for America (the College founded in 
1700) ; the College Green, or Campus, with Chapel, 
and fine old Churches ; the State House, an impos- 
ing edifice, of marble, recently completed; the Fine 
Art Building and Trumhull Gallery, in the latter of 
which are the original fine historical pictures by 
Colonel Trumbull (Washington, etc.) ; the recently 
built City Mall, etc. Some interesting Monuments 
are to be found in the Grove Street Cemetery; among 
others those of Roger Sherman, founder of Rhode 
Island, Noah Webster, Pierrepont Edwards, the poet 
Hillhouse, etc.; and in the Campus, tomb of the 
regicide Whalley. Excursions from New Haven to 
East Rock, Savin Roch, Wallingford, &c. [Con- 
nection, by rail, to 

MiDDLETOWi^, flourishing town, with manufac- 
tures, seat of Wesleyan University, Industrial 
School, State Insane Asylum, Berkeley Divinity 
School, &c. Opposite Middletown, Portland, with 
great brown-stone quarries.] 



ROUTE NO. L—EA8TEBK 105 

Prominent hotels at ISTew Hayen, the New Haven 
House, Tontine, Tremont, &c. 

Resuming rail, on the [N'ew Haven, Hartford and 
Springfield road, and now running northward, away 
from the Sound — passing WalUngford, Meriden 
(great Brittaniaware and other metallic manufactory) 
and other stations of less importance, is reached 

Hartford, on the Connecticut Eiver, a large 
town with much heauty of location, large manufac- 
turing interests, and lately selected as the sole seat 
of government of the State. (Reached by steam- 
ers from ISTew York). It has an educatioDal institu- 
tion of eminence, known as Trinity College / the Con- 
necticut Historical Society / the Wai/cinson Xibary, 
with rare hooks, pictures and statuary; Wadsworth 
Athenemn, etc. ; and among the handsome buildings 
of the town are the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Retreat 
for the Insane, Hospital, etc. The Charter Oak 
(place of hiding of the old Connecticut Charter from 
a tyrannical Governor) long one of the boasts of 
Hartford, blew down in 1856 ; but the place where 
it stood is still shown by a slab. Among present 
curiosities are the late Col, Coifs Fire-Arms Manvr 
factory, the house occupied by the late Mrs. Sigour- 
ney, the poetess, etc. There are also many pictur- 
esque short excursions from Hartford, the most 
prominent among them being those to Talcott 
Mountain, Wether sfield, Prospect Hill, &c. Leading 
hotels, Allijn House and United States. 

Beyond Hartford, pasing Windsor, and Windsor 



106 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

JLoclcs (water power and important maniifactnres)^ 
and other minor stations, is reached 

SPKiiNrGFiELD, Massachusetts, also lying on the 
ConnecticLit E-iver, one of the most important towna 
of the State, and peculiarly notable for its diversity 
of railway communication. [Connection, here, east- 
ward to Boston and y/e&tward to Albany, by the 
Boston and Albany road ; southward to Hartford^ 
IsTew Haven and New York, by the IsTew Haven, 
Hartford and Springfield ; northward to the White 
Mountains of New Hampshire, to Vermont and 
Canada, by the Connecticut Kiver and other inter- 
secting roads]. A prominent source of prosperity as 
well as object of interest is the United States Arse- 
nal and Arms Manufactory^ the largest in America, 
located here, furnishing extensive employment and 
supplying the celebrated " Springfield Eille." (Writ- 
ten of by Mr. Longfellow, in one of his finest poems, 
"The Arsenal • at Springfield.") It has also other 
and important manufactures — especially of carri- 
ages; handsome public grounds, in the Cemetery ^ 
Hampden Parh, &c. ; and is considered one of the 
most charming places of residence in the East. 
Prominent hotels, the Massasoit, Cooleifi, kc. 
From Springfield, by Palmer, direct to 
WoKC ESTER, another of the large and important 
towns of Massachusetts, with extensive manufactures 
and even more numerous railway eohneetions than 
Springfield. [Westward, by Boston and Albany road 
(Western) to Springfield and Albany, and Spring- 



ROUTE NO. 4..— EASTERN. 107 

Seld, New Haven and ISTew York. Eastward, by 
Boston and "Worcester, to Boston, Northward, by 
Worcester and Nasliiia, to the White Mountains and 
Canada. Southward, by Norwich and Worcester, to 
New London, and Shore Line road and line of 
steamers to New York, South-eastward, by Wor- 
cester and Providence, to Providence, Newport, &c.] 
It has some fine public buildings, among which may 
be mentioned the State Lunatic Asylum, Mechanics' 
Hall, building of the American Antiquarian Society, 
&c>, aad divides with Springfield pre-eminence in the 
manufacture of railway and other carriages. Lead- 
ing hotel, the Bap Slate, 

From Worcester, by Grafton, FramingJiam, Na- 
tick (home of U, S, Senator Wilson) West JVewton, 
Brighton and other minor stations, direct to 

Boston. [See ahead — " At and about Boston."] 

Division !B, 
BY EAIL, BY PROYIDEiTCE (SHORE LIJTE). 

Leave New York by 12.15 P. M. express of th« 
New Haven Railroad. (May leave by night-express, 
but at sacrifice of scenery). Take tickets by "Shore 
Line,'' as distinguished from those by " Springfield;" 
and be sure that Shore Line carriage is taken. To 
New Haven, as from Springfield route preceding. 

From New Haven, due east (New Haven, New- 
London, and Stonington road) along or near the 
shore of the Sound, with closer and still finer views 



108 . SEOBT-TJUIP GUIDE 

than those before reaching New Haven — by Guil- 
ford, Madison, Clinton &c., to 

Grossing of the Connecticut River, at Lyme, 
(At Saylrooh Junction, near, connection by Valley 
road, south to Saytrooh, north to Middletoiun, &c.) 
By S. Lyme, and E. Lyme, Waterford, &c., to 

]^EW Lois"DOK, at the mouth of the Thames River 
— a sea-port of some importance, and formerly depot 
of one of the great whaling-fleets, before the late 
decay of that trade. [Line of large and fine steamers 
from and to ISTew York, every evening : communi- 
cating by rail to and from Boston, by Norwich and 
Worcester.] Harbor considered one of the finest 
on the Atlantic coast, and defended by splendid for- 
tifications, Fort Trumhidl being the principal, below 
the city and at the right, towards mouth of the 
harbor. New London, an attractive place of resort 
and residence in many respects, has a peculiar and 
melancholy interest as having been long the business 
place of Benedict Arnold, the traitor, whose sign 
over one of the old shops is still pointed out. The 
principal public buildings, worth notice, are the 
Custom House, Court House, Female Academy^ &e. 
At the mouth of the harbor the Pequot House is a 
very attractive place of summer sea-side resort. 

Prom New London the Thames is crossed by ferry 
boat (part of train carried over, with through-passen- 
gers, and lunch on boat) to Groton, on the opposite 
bank— for some years the depot of another steam- 
boat line between New York and Boston, now 



ROUTE NO. L—EA8TEEK 105 

ftband6ned. Groton, by rail, still "witliin frequent 
sight of the Sound, to Mystic, somewhat famous for 
wooden-ship building, and 

Stonington, Connecticut, Sound port of some im- 
portance, lying at the mouth of river of same name. 
[Line of large steamers to and from New York, ■ 
every evening : communicating by rail to and from 
Boston, by Providence.] Stonington, by Westerly 
and other stations, including 

Wichford [railroad and steamboat communication 
direct to iSTEWPORT, in connection with trains] ; and 
East Greenvnch [old steamboat route to ITewpout 
in connection with trains] — to 

Pkoyide]S"GE, capital of the State of Rhode Island, 
and one of the principal towns of the Eastern States. 
It lies on Providence River, extending from iSTarra- 
gansett Bay ; has much beauty in location and enor- 
mous wealth in buildings and the appointments of 
residents ; manufactures very extensively, in engines, 
heavy machinerieo, cottons, prints, jewelries, &c.; 
and has nearly two hundred and fifty years of anti- 
quity since its foundation by Roger Williams, when 
driven from the colony of Massachusetts Bay on 
account of his religious opinions. It is the seat of 
JBroion Jlnwersity, a literary institution of the first 
eminence, with a large and valuable library ; and is 
also noted for the number and excellence of its 
public schools. The two handsomest public build- 
ings ill the town are the Rhode Island Hospital and 
the Oustom House; though there are very many 



110 SEOBT-TEIP G UIDK 

fine edifices connected with the numerous public 
charities of the city, among which may be named 
the Reform School, i\\Q, I>exter Asylum for the Poor^ 
Butler Hospital for the Insane^ Home for Aged Wo- 
men^ &c. It lias also several imposing churches, 
banks and other edifices ; and Swan Point Oeme- 
tery^ NarraganseU Parle, and other public grounds 
deserve visit and notice. Tlie Soldiei^^ and Sailors' 
Monument, recently erected, is also worthy of notice. 
Leading hotels, the City Hotel, and Aldrich House. 

[Railway communication with Boston, by Boston 
and Providence road ; with Worcester, by Providence 
and Worcester; with Hartford, by Hartford, Provi- 
dence & Fishkill ; wita Newport, by Providence and 
Newport; with New London, by Stoning ton and 
Providence, &c. ; with New York, by road just trav- 
ersed, and by lines of steamers from Fall River and 
Newport, &c.], 

IPawtucTcet, near Providence, is the seat of heavy 
manufactures, and of the first cotton-mill ever built 
in America.] 

Providence, by Pawtucket, Attleboro, Mansfield, 
Foxboro, Readville, &c., to 

Boston. 

Divisio7i C. 

BY BOAT, BY NEWPORT OR FALL EIVEK, 

Leave New York, 5 P. M., daily (except late au- 
tumn, winter, and early spring, when the hour is 4 
P. M. — see bills at hotels) by boats of the Narragan- 



ROUTE NO, L—EASTEBK 111 

eetfc Steamship Company, by Long Island Sound, for 
Newport or Fall River as may be preferred. This 
route, as well as the other Sound routes about to be 
named, affords not only a delightful sail, in the cus- 
tomary fine weather of summer, but conveys a better 
idea than can otherwise be attained,, of the size and 
magnilicence of the vessels employed in this transit. 
Leaving the pier and proceeding past the whole line 
of the city, then past the islands lying in the Sound 
or East River, and up the Sound itself, — unequalled 
opportunities are enjoyed for observing the water- 
front of the city, the extent of the penal and bene- 
volent institutions on BlachwelVs Island, RandalVs 
Island, Ward^s Island, &c., the rocky dangers of 
Hell Gate, the attractive scenery of the river shores 
(Long Island on the right ; New York or Manhattan 
Island on the left) ; the extensive fortifications guard- 
ing that approach to the city, in Fort Schuyler, at 
Throg's Neck, etc. — daylight lasting, in the warm 
season, until all these points of interest are passed, 
and the remainder of the course up the Sound offer- 
ing few attractions other than those of a marine 
character. 

At an early hour in the morning is reached 
the end of the route by Sound, and place of debar- 
kation for those who wish to vist the watering-place 
and afterwards proceed thence to Boston by rail, — 
in 

Newpokt, one of the largest and most important 
towns of Rhode Island, and one of the most cele- 



112 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

brated and fashionable of American eea-side resorts, 
for the past quarter of a century or longer. It lies 
on !N"arragansett Bay, at near the entrance from Long 
Island Sound, and boasts a harbor of peculiar beauty 
as well as one of a depth of water almost unequalled. 
It has a fine bathing-beach, markedly safe, within 
.short-riding-distance of the principal hotels ; and at 
greater distance are to be found and visited the re- 
markable groups of rocks known as Paradise^ Pur- 
gatory, the Hanging Pocks, etc. The Gle7i, the 
Spouting Horn, Lily Pond and the I>umpling Rocks, 
are also places of much picturesque interest to visit- 
ors and residents ; while at some ten miles distant, 
south-eastward, lie Seconnct Point and West Island, 
the latter supplying the very best sea-shore-fishing 
on the American coast. Fort Adams, at near the 
mouth of the harbor, is one of the largest and strong- 
est fortifications in the North ; and the ride to it> 
from the town, is one of the afternoon features of 
!N"ewport life. Another peculiarity of Newport is the 
fine sailing in and about the harbor, securing the 
constant presence of yachts, and many regattas 
during the season, on a more or less extensive scale. 
And yet another is to be found in the wide extent of 
lawned and terraced bluff, overlooking the sea, where 
are located an immense number of summer-cottages 
of the wealthy, giving a higher tone to the prevalent 
hotel-life, even while moderating and to some degree 
lessening it. One marked object of interest is to be 
found a-t Newport — the Pound Tower, alternately 



ROUTE N^O. 4:.—EASTERW. 113 

called a iNorse remain and a wind-mill, bnt around 
which Longfellow, adopting the former belief, wove 
his marvellously beautiful poem, the "Skeleton in 
Armor." There are also some patriotic erections and 
antiquities of interest : among the structures the old 
State House, Commodore Perry^s Houses the Vernoyi 
Majision, the First Baptist (7AwrcA (1638), the Perry 
Monument, &c. ; and of minor antiquities, FranhlirCs 
Printing Press (now or late in the office of the 
N'eicport Mercury newspaper), the ancient Chair of 
State of the Colony, etc. Of modern buildings of 
merit, the number is considerable. ISTewport has the 
additional celebrity of having been the birth-place of 
Gilbert Stuart, the painter, Malbone, the miniature- 
painter, and Commodore Perry; and Cooper flung 
round it a romantic interest as the opening scene 
of the "Red Eover." Leading Hotels: the Ocean 
House, Atlantic, United States, and Perry. 

[Above Newport, within convenient riding or sail- 
ing distance, lies the fine eminence of Moimt Hope, 
with interesting reminiscences of the Indian King 
Philip, and splendid views over Narragansett Bay, 
the city, harbor, &c.] 

[Newport to Bostok, by rail, by Fall River and 
connection with the Old Colony road, or by Provi- 
dence.] 

If not wishing to stop at Newport, and still ^vo- 
ceeding to Boston, on some New York steamer 
from which debarkation has before been supposed, 



114 BEORT-TRIP GUIDE, 

the route will be pursued by remaining on boat until 
its next and final landing, at 

Fall Eiver, a thriving manufacturing town on 
Taunton River, eastern branch of Narragansett Bay, 
within the State of Massachusetts though near 
the Rhode Island border. Peculiarly noted for 
works in machinery, in heavy irons, and in cottons 
and prints. [Communication with Newport and 
Providence by boat and rail.] Moimt Hope, before 
alluded to, is in view from Pall River and may be 
most conveniently reached from this point ; and the 
bridge connecting Rhode Island (island) and the 
main land is near, at Tiverton. 

Pall River to BostoivT, by rail of the Old Colony 
Road. 

Division D. 

BY BOAT, BY IfEW LOHDOK, NOEWICH & WORCESTER. 

Leave New York, 5 P. M., by boats of the 
Norwich and Worcester Line, on the Sound, 
the route displaying precisely the same fea- 
tures as that before named, (except that the run by 
sea is shorter and less exposed in rough weather, and 
that rail is taken at an earlier hour) to 

New London [see previous description.] 
■ New London, by rail on the Norwich and Wor- 
cester road, to 

Norwich, very old and handsome small town of 
Connecticut, picturesquely situated at the head of 
navigation of the river Thames, with its steep streets 



ROUTE NO. 4:.— EASTERN 115 

literally lying on terraces, but many manufactures, 
much commercial prosperity, and no small number 
of old buildings recalling the early historic days of 
the State. 

From Norwich, still by rail of the Norwich and 
Worcester road — by Plainfield [junction, for Provi- 
dence, Newport, &c.], by Putnam, Webster, Wokces- 
TER, &c., to Boston. 

Division E, 

BY BOAT, BY STOKIKGTOI^ AHD PROVIDEiq'CE. 

Leave New York, 5 P. M., by boats of the Stoning- 
ton Steamboat Company, on the Sound, with same 
features as those of two previous routes, though less 
extensive in sea-voyage than that to Newport, and 
longer than that to New London — to 

Stokikgtok, Connecticut (before referred to in 
Shore-Line route by rail), at mouth of Stonington 
river, near the Sound, 

Stonington by Providence, by rail, with same 
features shown in that division of the Shore-Line 
rail route, to Bostoi^. 

Division F. 

AT Ajq-D ABOUT BOSTOi^, WITH EXCURSIONS, 

Bosto:n', Capital of the State of Massachusetts, one 
of the largest, most influential and handsomest of 
the cities of America, and in many regards the most 



116 SHORT-TEIP GUIDE. 

remarkable of all — lies at the extreme western point 
of Massachusetts Bay, where that body of water is 
entered by the Charles Eiver; and most of the old 
city is erected on a jieninsula of several hundred acres, 
extending up from Roxbury, at the south, and curved 
around by the wide mouth of the Charles River, 
which thus divides from it Camhridge on the west, 
Charlestoiun on the north, and Chelsea and East 
Boston on the east. All these form parts of the 
present city, however, by means of different bridges 
spanning the river mouth and edge of the harbor ; 
and the result is that Boston seems from some points 
of view to be almost as completely a '* City of the 
Sea " as Venice. Northeast of it, at some miles dis- 
tance, the bold headland of Naliant runs southward 
from the mainland at Lynn, behind Chelsea point, 
adding to the picturesqueness of the whole li arbor, 
as well as aiding the several islands {Castle Island, 
fortified by Fort Independence ; Governor'' s Island, 
Fort Winthrop ; George^ s Island, Fort Warren ; Deer 
Island, occupied by ' House of Industry and other 
public buildings ; and others, minor in size and im- 
portance) in sheltering it from the rough winds of 
the east. An additional feature of the old citj^, or 
" Boston Proper," is found in three eminences or 
*slight hills on and among which it was originally 
built, giving it the name of the ^* Tri-Montane City,'^ 
and originating the name of " Tremont " so inti- 
mately connected with it. On the highest of these 
gtands the State House, the whole city appearing to 



ROUTE NO. 4:,— EASTERN. 117 

elope up to it, and the view, on approacli, being thus 
rendered peculiarly impressive. 

With reference to transit through and about Bos- 
ton, it may be said thai many of the streets, especi- 
ally in the older portions of the town, are crooked 
and involved to a proverb, but that the street-car 
system is very extensive, complete and convenient, 
and that carriage-hire, though high in comparison 
to European, is less exorbitant than in I^ew York. 

Of Streets, the best worth noting are Beacon 
Street, at the top of the Common, the most fashion- 
able ; Tremont Street, at the bottom of the Common, 
blending of fashion and business; WasJmigtoji St.^ 
nearly parallel with the latter, southward, business 
centre; State, Congress, and other streets in the 
neighborhood of the Old State House, financial, law, 
etc. Other and newer streets and avenues, lying on 
the Back Bay, west of the Public Garden, are now, 
however, fasliionable ; and here have been erected 
the Coliseums for the two great Musical Jubilees. 

Of PubUc Grounds, Boston has two, within the 
city proper, of peculiar prominence : the Common, a 
triangular park of nearly fifty acres, sloping down 
from the State House, handsomely shaded, with a 
Pond or Lake, and in an enclosure near the middle, 
the celebrated Old £'i??^ called the "Liberty Tree; '^ 
and the Public Garden, adjoining the Common on 
the West, with a handsome Lake, bridges, floral 
walks, and a fine statue of Washington, by Ball. 
, Of Antiquities, principally connected with the 



1:1« SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

War of the Revolution, Boston has many of interest : 
Fmieuil Hall, Faneuil Hall Square, otherwise known 
as the "Cradle of Liberty," where early meetings of 
patriots were held (still used for meeting purposes, 
and containing some national portraits) ; the Old 
State Ilouse^ State Street ; Bratth Street Church, 
Brattle Street (with one of the round shot of the 
Charlestown bombardment still embedded in the front 
wall ;) Old South Church, corner of Washington and 
Milk Streets ; Ordway Hall, Province House Court, 
once the residefice of the Colonial Covernors ; Liherty 
Tree, Boston Common; and many others of minor 
consequence. 

Of Public Buildings, deserving attention, are the 
State House (Capitol), Beacon Street, with interest- 
ing military and other memorials, legislative cham„ 
bers, etc, within, and splendid and extensive view 
from the roof; Custom House, foot of State Street ; 
Excliangc, State Street (Post Office below) ; Court 
House, Court Square ; City Hall, School Street (colos- 
sal statue of Franklin, in front); 3£assachusetts 
General Hospital, Allen Street; City Hospital, Harri- 
son Avenue ; Quincy Marhet, adjoining Faneuil Hall ; 
Boston Public Library, Boylston Street; Masonic 
Temple, corner Tremont and Boylston Streets, etc. 
Other erections of interest, the Boston Water Worhs 
(Reservoir), Derne Street; the i)ViV/V7e5, connecting 
the various suburbs with the city proper; the Wliarves 
(Long, India, Central, Commercial, etc.), several of 
them of great extent and the system the best on the 
Continent. 



ROVTE NO, 4.r-EA8TEIlN. 119 

' Of Monuments, of course, the first place is taken 
by the Bunker Hill Monument^ on Breed's Hill, site 
of the Eevolutionary battle of the first name. It is 
a plain obelisk of granite, of great height, ascended 
from within, and from the top commanding a most 
extensive and magnificent view. Near it stands the 
'Warren Statue^ in honor of Dr. Joseph Warren, who 
fell in the battle. In State House, statue of Wash- 
ington, by Chan trey ; and in front of same building, 
bronze statues of Daniel Webster and Horace Mann 
(great Massachusetts organizer of education). In 
front of City Hall, colossal Franklin, before noticed. 
In Public Garden, equestrian Washington, by Thos, 
Ball, also before noticed. 

Churches of prommence : 8t, PauVs (Episcopr.l), 
Tremont Street; Christ Church (date 1722), Salem 
Street ; Old South (date 1730), Washington and 
Milk Streets; ^m^J^^Ze /S'^ree^^ (Unitarian— date 1773), 
Brattle Street ; King'^s Chapel (Unitarian — date 1750), 
Tremont and School Streets; Parh Street (Congre- 
gational, with finest spire in the city), Park Street, 
facing Tremont; Central (Congregational: consid- 
ered the handsomest in the City), Berkeley and IsTew- 
bury Streets ; Trinity (Episcopal — date 1735), Sum- 
mer and Hawley Streets; Tremont Temple (general 
devotional) Tremont Street ; Immaculate Conception 
(Roman Catholic), Harrison Avenue, &c., &c. 

In Libraries and Literary Institutions Boston is 
peculiarly rich, the intellectual and educational 
status of the City being especially enviable. Among 



120 8B0BT-TBIP GUIDE 

the more notable libraries may be mentioned the 
Boston Public Library j the AthencBum, (with gal- 
lery of paintings and sculpture) ; the Mercantile ; 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Natural 
History Society ; Massachusetts Historical Society; 
State, Laiu, General Theological, and others. 

Commercial Buildings of much merit in architec- 
ture abound in Boston ; though many of the finest 
on Franhlin, Devonshire, Summer^ Washingtoii, 
Congress, and other streets, were destroyed in the 
great fire of November, 9-lOth, 1872 — the .largest 
ever occurring in America, after that of Chicago, and 
involving the loss of 170,000,000. Boston has won- 
derful powers of recuperation, and great intrinsic 
/resources, however; and already displays all ita 
former magnificence, with many improvements. 

Principal Theatres, etc. the Boston Theatre (opera- 
house, at intervals), Washington Street; Globe 
Theatre (late Selwyn's), Washington Street; Boston 
Museum, Tremont Street ; Hoiuard Athenmitm, How- 
ard Street; Music Hall, Winter Street, near Tre- 
mont (with organ of immense size and power, se- 
cond in the world), etc. Prominent Hotel Build- 
ings (also Hotels): the American, llsmoYev Street; 
Barker, School Street; SL James, Newton Street; 
United States, Beach Street; Tremont, Tremont 
Street ; Revere, Bowdoin Square, etc. 

Excursions from the City, on foot, by horse-car, 
or cai'riage, include those to Harvard University, 
Cambridge, with 15 buildings, an Anatomical Mu- 



, . ROUTE NO. L-^EASTEBN. 121 

seuirj, an Observatory, and the first educational rank 
in the Western World ; to the Wasliington Head 
Quarters (now residence of Professor Longfellow, the 
poet.) also at Cambridge, with Tree, under which 
Washington took command of the American forces; 
to Mount Au'burn Cemetery^ four miles from the city, 
with Tower, commanding excellent view; Chape], 
containing stained windows, busts of Adams, Win- 
throp, Story, &c. ; and Spurzheim, Bowditch, and 
other handsome and attractive monuments in the 
grounds; to Forest Hill and Mount Hojoe Cemete- 
ries^ Eoxbury ; to Woodlaivn Cemetery, near Chelsea ; 
to Cocliituate LaJce^ v/hence the water-supply for Bos- 
ton is drawn ; to Wenliam Lahe, whence is derived 
most of the American ice-supply for Europe ; to 
Fresh Pond, a place of summer resort near Mount 
Auburn, etc. Those by boat or carriage will include 
Nalmnt, bold headland on the east of the harbor, 
once a fashionable watering-place, and always cool, 
attractive and pleasant ; Lynn, near ]N"ahant, famous 
as the head of the shoe-manufacture of the world ; 
Clielsea Beach, Siuampscott and Fhillvps^ Beach, 
northward of Xahant ; Nantashet Beach, south side 
of the harbor, etc. 

From Boston, also, may be conveniently reached 
[by Boston and Lowell railroad], 

Lowell, large and thriving town on the Merri- 
mac River, at its junction with the Concord. It is 
the largest of the American manufacturing towns, 
and considered the Manchester af the Western 



W SnORT-TRlP GUIBK 

World, not less than 50 to 60 large mills being em- 
ployed in the mannfactnre of cottons, prints, woollens, 
etc., and the operative labor reaching to the nnmber 
of from 14,000 to 15,000, a large majority females, of 
rare intelligence for their class. The Patotuclcet 
Falls, near the city, furnish, the water-power for all 
the Hills, many of which, with the Falls themselves 
and some of the principal buildings and public 
grounds of the town, are worth examination. Lead- 
ing Hotels : the Merrimac, WasJiington, and Ameri- 
can, [Rail connection to Groton . for all points 
westward; to Nashua^ for points northward; to 
Laiurmce, eastward, etc.J 

May also be conveniently reached from BostOHj 
south-eastward, [Old Colony road], 

Plymouth (•' Plymouth Rock''), place of landing 
of the Pilgrim Fathers, with Pilgrims' Hall and 
many interesting relics of the early settlement ; and 

New Bedford, on Vineyard Sound, at the head 
of what remains of the whaling business, and a sea- 
port of picturesque location and pirominence ; or [by 
same and Cape Cod railroad], 

Cape Cod, Yarmouth, Hyannis, and all that wild 
and desolate but interesting section of the Atlantic 
coast. 

May also be conveniently reached from Bostouj 
(by Eastern railway, by Somerville, South Maiden^ 
Chelsea, Lynn and Swampscott), 

Salem, very old town and port on the coast, with 
a certain celebrity on account of the witch-burningi 



ROUTE NO. L-EASTEBF. 

and other events of Colonial times, and very pictur- 
esque in location and many of its buildings ; but 
much more notable, now, as at one time the residence 
of ISTathaniel Hawthorne and scene of his " House of 
the Seven Gables" and other stories. Also (by 
Fitchburg Railway), 

Concord, on the Concord branch of the Merrimac 
River, noted for beauty of scenery in the neighbor- 
hood, and in connection with the literary labors of 
Henry D. Thoreau, Hawthorne, and others. 

Also maybe visited by rail from Boston to "Wood's 
Hole, and boat ; or from Fall River (New York 
boat) ; or by steamer from New Bedford, 

Martha's Vikeyard, island off the coast, spot 
selected every year in August for the great annual 
Camp-Meeting of the Methodist denomination, and 
now becoming a place of popular resort for bathing 
and sea-shore residence, with hotels. (May also be 
reached, direct from New York, by steamer for 
Portland). 



ROUTE NO. 5 -EASTERN. 

BOSTOK TO POETLAND, QUEBEC AKD MOI^TREAL, BY 
BOSTOK AHD MAIi^E, EASTEKiT, AHD GRAKD . 
TEUInTK EOADS. 

Division A, 

BOSTOIT TO AKD AT POETLAKD, BY BOSTO]^ ANB 
MAII^E EOAD. 

Leave Boston by rail on the Boston and Maine 
railroad, by Medford^, Melrose, South Reading Junc- 
tion [connection for ISTortli Danvers, Georgetown 
and Neivturyporf], Eeading, }Vihningto7i Junction 
[connection for Lowell], and minor stations, to 

Laweehce, large manufacturing town of the State 
of Massachusetts, with heavy specialty of cotton and 
prints, lying on the Merrimac Eiver, whence, by 
means of a dam, the important water-power is de- 
rived. Some of the mills are of immense size and 
capacity, employing operators to the number of thou- 
sands. Has a Common, a Gity Hall, and other build- 
ings worth notice ; and an Operative Library form- 
ing a special feature. [Kailway connection with 
Lowell, and thence with Nashua and the North, 
with Boston and the South, &c. ; also Northwest 
with Manchester, Concord, &c.] 

Lawrence by N. Andover, Bradford [connection 
for Georgetown and Newluryport^ Haverhill (with 
fine long Bridge over the Merrimac to Bradford, and 



BO TJTE NO. ^.—EASTEBN. 125 

some educational institutions of prominence), Atkin- 
son, Newton, &c., to 

ExETEE, ]^ew Hampshire, lying on Exeter River, 
and a place of importance in coasting commerce and 
manufactures ; thence by S. Newmarket to 

Newmarhet Junction [connection west to Concord 
and the Franconia Eange of the White Mountains; 
and east to 

PoETSMOUTH, New Hampshire, on the Piscataqua 
River, second city of the State in importance, with 
a large and very fine harbor ; a United States Navy 
Yard ; and a connection, by bridge, with Kittery, 
Maine, also an important naval station. From 
Portsmouth can be reached Rye Beacli and Hampton 
Beach ^ attractive bathing-places on the ISTew Hamp- 
shire coast, and the Isles of SJioals, off the coast, 
celebrated fishing and summer resorts.] 

Pursuing the main line, Newmarket Junction, by 
Newmarket, Durham, &c. (within sight of the broad 
Piscataqua) to 

Dover, New Hampshire, thriving town on the 
Piscataqua. [Connection, west, for Alton Bay, Lake 
Winnepesaukie, and the White Mountains.] 

Dover, by Salmon Falls [connection for Great 
Falls, Rochester, and to Alton Bay, &c.] ; by South 
Berwich Junction [connection eastward for Kittery 
and PortsmoutW] ; by Wells, Kennebunk, Biddeford, 
Saco (large manufacturing village on the Saco River,, 
with extensive water-power and very handsome 
Laurel Hill Cemetery), West Scarboro, Cape Eliza- 
beth, and minor stations, to 



126 SEOET'TBIP eUIDE, 

PoRTLAKD, Gommercial metropolis of the State of 
Maine, and one of the most important cities of the 
East, lying on a peninsula at the Southwest of Casco 
Bay, with a very handsome and convenient location 
and one of the deepest and best harbors on the At- 
lantic coast. The harbor has many fine islands, and 
is defended by Fort Preble and other extensive forti- 
cations. A great fire, in 1866, destroyed a large por- 
tion of the city, but the marks are now only visible 
in the increased beauty of the well-laid-out and 
handsomely-shaded city. From the Ohservatory, 
overlooking the harbor, fine views can be caught 
over the sea and coast, and over the distant country, 
West to the White Mountains. The most extensive 
thoroughfare is Congress street, which runs the whole 
distance of the peninsula. Among the most notable 
buildings are the City Hall, Court House, Marine 
Hospital, and some of the churches, manufacturing 
and commercial structures. The Atheneum and 
Mercantile Library have fine libraries; and the 
Natural History Society possesses an excellent cabi- 
net of varied character. Excursions from Portland 
include the Islands in tlte Bay ; Cape Elizabeth, a 
favorite bathing and fishing resort on south side of 
tne Bay; Sebago Pond; and many of minor inter- 
„est. Prominent Hotels at Portland : the Falmoutliy 
Preble, <&c. 

[The Allan Lines of steamships between Liver- 
pool and Glasgow, and Halifax, Quebec and Mon- 
treal, make Portland an important depot at all sea- 



ROUTE NO, 6,—EASTMBN. 127 

sons and the port and end of sea-route in the winter 
season.] 

[Eailway connection from Portland southward,* 
by route just traversed; to Montreal and Quebec, by 
Grand Trunk (see route following); to Augusta, 
Bwngor, Moosehead Lake, &c., by the Maine Central ; 
to Lake Winnepesaukie and the White Mountains, 
by the JSTorth New Hampshire, &c.] 

Division B, 

EOSTO:S" TO PORTLAND, BY EASTER]^ RAILROAD. 

Leave Bostoii by rail on the Eastern Eailroad, by 

Lykx, important manufacturing town, on the 
upper side of Boston Harbor, with specialty of the 
most extensive shoe-manufacturing in the world; by 

Salem, old town and port on the coast, with an 
important history in colonial times, and interesting 
reminiscences of Hawthorne (see p. 122) ; by 

Beverly, celebrated as the home of the peculiar 
New England dish, " baked-beans " (connections 
eastward to Gloucester and Cape Ann) ; hj Ipswich; 
by 

Newburyport, town and coasting-seaport of 
prominence, lying at the mouth of the Merrimac 
Biver, with a fine harbor and much beauty in loca- 
cation and surroundings, and by many considered^ 
one of the handsomest towns in Massachusetts. 
Hotel, the Merrimac House, [Connection west for 
Bradford, Lowell^ &c.] 



128 SEORT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Newburyport to 

Salisbury, small town of age and past imporfcance, 
and with a mingled celebrity as the place where 
many considerable events in colonial history oc- 
curred, of which, and past residents, many inter- 
esting monuments remain in the neighborhood — as 
also as the birthplace of the mother of Daniel Web- 
ster, as that of Caleb Gushing, &c. [Connection 
westward is made from Salisbury to Amesdury, pil- 
grimage of no secondary importance as the home of 
one of the first of American poets, JoHisr G. 
Whittiek.] 

Salisbury to 

POETSMOUTH, leading seaport and naval depot, 
belonging to the State of !N"ew Hampshire, and the 
only marine port of the State ; lying at the mouth 
of the Piscataqua Eiver, with fine harbor, United 
States ^tJTavy Yard, costly dry-docks, and all appur- 
tenances of such a station ; also with some interest- 
ing churches, many fine buildings (some very old — 
among others the Langdon residence), tomb of Sir 
William Pepperell, well shaded streets, and much 
celebrity as a place of summer resort, of itself and 
as a place of departure for Rye Becxh, Eanij^ton 
Beach, the Isles of Shoals, and other hot- weather 
.habitats. (See p. 125.) Hotels, the Philhrich 
Rochingham, City, &c. 

Across the Piscataqua lies the town of 

Kittei^y, Maine, yirtually a part of Portsmouth, 



BOUTE ISfO. ^—eastern: 138« 

thougli in another State, and forming also a part of 
tlie naval station. 

Portsmouth to 

Comuay Junction (connection westward for Con- 
way and the White Mountains). To 

South Berwick Junction. [Connection with the 
Boston and Maine road, from the southward — iden- 
tical with this route thence by Kennelunh, Bidde- 
ford&nd Saco to Poetlakd.] (See p. 126.) 

Division C. 

PORTLAND TO QUEBEC OR MONTREAL. 

Leave Portland by rail on the Grand Trunk Eail- 
way, by minor stations to Tarmoutli Junction [cod- 
nection for Augusta, capital of the State of Maine, 
lying on the Kennebec Eiver ; for Bangor, important 
town on the Penobscot Eiver ; and for towns and 
sections farther east] ; to Danville Junction [con- 
nection for Bangor, for Shoiuliegan and Mooseliead 
Lake] ; by minor stations to Gorham, at the north- 
ern edge of the White Mountains [important inter- 
sections, by stage-coaches, to and from the mountain 
towns and resorts ; and views of the mountains, in 
fine weather, peculiarly striking, from all this section 
of the road] ; to Island Pond [connection, south- 
westward, with the Connecticut and Passumpsic 
River Eailway, from Vermont and Franconia Notch 
sections] ; to Stanstead [carriage communication 
with Lake Memphremagog] ; to Sherlrook [another 



im SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

connection with the Connecticut and Pasaumpsio 
Kiver line] ; to Richmond [point of divergence of 
the branches of the Grank Trunk road, to Montreal 
and Quebec]. 

Pursuing the route to Montreal: Richmond by 
St. Hyacinthe, St. Brune, St. Ililaire, and other un- 
important stations, to 8L Lamlert^ on the St. Law- 
rence River, the Victoria Bridge and Ifontreal, 

Pursuing the route to Quebec: Richmond by 
Danville, AriJiabasca [connection by Bulstrode, to 
Doucet^s Landing, on St. Lawrence River, at lower 
end of Lake St. Peter ; thence by ferry to Three 
Rivers, Canada] ; by Becancour, Black River, and 
minor stations, to Chmuliere Junction [connection 
for Riviere du Loup and Lower St. Lawrence] ; to 
Point Levi, on the St. Lawrence, whence ferry to 
Q^ielec. 

[For notes of Montreal and Quebec, see Canadian 
routes.] 



ROUTE NO. 6 -NORTHERN AND EASTERN. 

BOSTOiT TO LAKE WIIs'Is'IPESAUEIE, THE WHITE 

MOUNTAINS AN"D PORTLAKD (OPTIOif OF CAXA- 

DIAJf cities) — BY BOSTOiT AXD MAI:N"E EAIL- 

ROAD, &C. 

Leave Boston by Boston and Maine railroad, as by 
route to Portland, &c. As by that route, to 

Dover, J^ew Ilampsliire. Tlience Dover and Win- 
nipesaukie road, by Gcnic, Rochester [junction with 
road from Salmon Falls by Great Falls, and its ex- 
tension northward to ITnionville'\ Farmington, 
Davis', New Durham and Alton, to 

Alton Bay, at the extreme southern point of Lahe 
Winnipesaukie — pleasant residence, with fine views 
of the Lake and mountains northward, but deriving 
its principal importance from the railway and 
steamer transit through it. From Alton Bay a visit 
should be paid, if time allows, before proceeding 
northward, by " Lady of the Lake " ct other staunch 
little steamers on the Lake, to 

WoLFBORO', on the eastern side of the Lake, a 
charming summer resort, with fine views, excellent 
sailing and fishing, and much attraction and popu- 
larity as a residence. Hotel : the Pavilion. [Stage- 
coach may be taken at Wolfboro', for proceeding 
northward to Conway, without visiting Centre Har- 



130 BEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

"bor ; but this course is scarcely advisable on a first 
visit.] Wolfboro^ again by steamboat, through 
charming lake-scenery, to 

Oentee Haeboe, larger village on the northern 
shore of the Lake^ the location of which is considered 
unequalled by many tourists, as the Lake itself, 
with its exquisite combination of island groups and 
wooded shore, with bold mountains forming a back- 
ground in all northerly directions, is one of the 
very finest in America and with few superiors 
elsewhere. Leading Hotel : the Senter ■ Hoiise^ 
Among the finest points of mountain view, from 
Centre Harbor and elsewhere on the Lake, may be 
named Ifounls Salmonbrook, WIdteface, Ossipee. 
Major, CMconia^ Red Mountain (ascent by carriage 
and on horseback), Kearsarge and Monadnock. 
Many and charming excursions are made from the 
village, on the lakes, to the mountains and elsewhere; 
and among the most notable is that to Squam 
Lake, lying a few miles west of "Winnipesaukie 
very romantic in scenery, and supplying rare trout 
and other fishing. 

At Centre Harbor stage-coach is taken, for re- 
mainder of the route northward to the White Moun- 
tains. This afibrds one of the most magnificent 
rides attainable in the world, especially if fine 
Y/eather allows outside seats on the coach to be 
used. The road leads up the Saco Eiver, along the 
charming Coniuay Valley, with views of the Lake 
district lingering behind, and others of the great 



BO UTE NO. Q.-^NOETHERN AND EASTERN 131 

mountain section continually changing ahead, and 
with. Mount Wasldngton, the monarch of the east- 
ern range, often in sight. This ride terminates at 

NOETH CoiS'WAT, a picturesque Tillage lying in the 
valley, from which the views of the White Eange are 
something, in comparison, like those of Mt. Blanc 
from Chamounix, while the nnmher of easy excur- 
sions to celebrated points is almost unequalled. It 
is here that many of the artists' summer sketches, 
especially of Kearsarge and CMcorua and the higher 
peaks of the "White Mountains, all in full view, are 
made ; while the Ledges (grand perpendicular cliffs, 
nearly one thousand feet in height) Artists^ Brool^; 
the Cathedral, DianaJ's Batli, &c., are within conve 
nient reach. Prominent Hotels : the Kearsarge, 
Washmgto?i, McMilla7i, Cliff, etc. 

North Conway, by stage-coach or carriage, through 
Pinhliam Notch, surrounded by the lesser giants of 
the White Eange, to the 

Glek House, with much fine scenery in the neigh- 
borhood, but especially notable as being the nearest 
of any of the mountain resorts to the great peaks of 
the White Range, and giving the rarest views of 
them — as well as the point from which the ascent of 
Mount Washington is made, by rail. Among the 
points of interest to be visited from the Grlen, are 
Tliompson^s and Glen Ellis Falls, the former on the 
Peabody River, some two miles from the hotel, 
and the latter on the Ellis, about four miles ; the 
Crystal Cascade, near Glen Ellis; Garnet and 



182 SHOBT-TEIP GUIDE, 

Emerald Pools, ■vritli peculiar colors indicated by 
tlieir nameSj &c. But the speciality of the Glea 
House, as before noted, is the 

Asce7it of Mount Washington, by railway. The 
features of this ascent need no description, especially 
to those who have made Alpine crossings" by rail. 
It is considered eminently safe, has little fatigue in- 
volved, and certainly supplies all the elements of the 
picturesque and the exciting. Stout clothing is ad- 
visable, if not always necessary. This ascent being 
made in the morning, the top of the giant will be 
reached at the most favorable hour, and the wonder- 
ful vieiu from tlie summit enjoyed, if the capriciou£j 
weather allovfs that great privilege. This view is 
quite equal to that from the Ehigi or Pilatus, over 
Switzerland^ though perhaps lacking the variety in 
scenery. To the west, in bright weather, are seen 
the higher peaks of the Green Mountains of Ver- 
mont ; southwest, some of the White and many of 
the Franconia Rauge — especially Lafayette; north 
and north-east, the other great peaks of the White 
Range, and more distant the mountains of Canada ; 
east the sea, beyond Portland ; southeast and south 
those surrounding Lake Winnipesaukie, and that 
Lake itself; while various rivers, small lakes, towns 
and hamlets combine to make up a picture of mar- 
vellous extent and beauty. Dinner is provided at 
the Tip-Top House, on the summit, where during 
the last seasons scientists have resided all winter, to 
make observations. 



ROUTE NO. ^.— NORTHERN Am) EASTERN. 133 

Horses (kept in waiting) and guides should be 
taken at the summit, and the descent made in the 
other direction, crossing Mts. FranlcUn, Monroe and 
Pleasant ; and the three wondrous gulfs,, the G'ldf 
of Mexico^ Tuckerman^s Ravine, and Oalces' Gulf 
(some or all of them containing deep snow in 
midsummer) will be pointed out by the guides. 
At the end of nine miles' descent will be reached 
the 

Crawford House, lying in what is now called 
the Willey ]N"otch, and nearly at the foot of ifr, 
Craivforcl, while Mt. Webster and other giants of the 
range show grandly northwa-rd. The most marked 
feature in the neighborhood of the Crawford, is 
the 

Willey House^ standing at a short distance up the 
Notch, where in 1826 a landslide from the mountain 
above destroyed, the family of the same name, and 
their residence — of which catastrophe many relies 
are yet pointed out and a few of them still offered 
for sale. From the Crawford may also be made 
the 

Ascent of Mt. Willard, practicable either by car- 
riage or on foot, and affording a most magnificent 
series of views from near the summit ; as also visit 
to the Devil's Den, a cave of peculiar wildness and 
some danger of access. Also may be visited, from the « 
Crawford, Gills' Falls, a cascade of much beauty, ' 
reached by short walk from the house. 

From the Crawford House, by stage-coach or car- 



134 8E0RT-TBIP G UIBE. 

riage, by tlie White Mountain House, Falls of the 
, Ammonoosuc, and Betlileliem, to the 

Peofile House, in the Franconia Notch. 

[For notes on the Profile House and neighbor- 
hood, see termination of route: "New York to the 
White Mountains, by New London, &c." — Koute 
No. 7.] 

[The tourist who has made his arrival at the 
Franconia Notch by the just completed route from 
Boston, and who yet wishes to return southward 
without proceeding to either Quebec or Montreal, 
should pursue one of the following named routes in 
return, for the sake of variety in direction and 
scenery. Ist. From Littleton (stage-coach from the 
Profile House), by rail by Wells Kiver, Plymouth, 
Weir's Landing, Concord, Worcester and New Lon- 
don, and steamboat of Norwich and Worcester line 
from New London to New York. (See route No. 
7 : " New York to the White Mountains," reversing.) 
Or, 2d. From Littleton to Wells Eiver, and con- 
tinue by rail by White Eiver Junction, Bellows 
Falls, Springfield, Hartford and New Haven to New 
York. Or, 3d. From Littleton to Weils Eiver, 
White Eiver Junction, Bellows Falls, Eutland, Troy 
or Albany ; and down the Hudson Eiver by boat or 
rail to New York. Or, 4th. From Littleton to Wells 
Eiver, White Eiver Junction, Burlington, boat on 
Lake Ohamplain to Ticonderoga (for Lake George) 
or Whitehall, Saratoga, Albany or Troy, and boat; 
or rail to New York.] 



ROUTE NO. Q.— NORTHERN AND EASTERN. 135 

[To go northward from Littleton to Montreal or 
Quebec. For Montreal, to White River Junction, 
thence to Burlington, St. Alban's. and St. John^s to 
the Victoria Bridge and Montreal. For Quebec, 
to Wells River, Newport (Lake Memphremagog), 
Lenoxville, Richmond and Arthabasca, to Point Levi 
and ferry to Quebec] 



ROUTE M 7.-N0RTHERN AND EASTERN. 

ISTEW YOEK TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS AND CANADA, 

BY NEW LONDON, NORWICH AND WORCESTER, 

LAKE WINNIPESAUKIE, ETC. ; OR BY NEW 

LONDON AND NORTHERN ROAD. 

Division A, 

BY NEW LONDON, NORWICH AND WORCESTER, 
3SERRIMAC AND WINNIPESAUEIE ROUTE. 

Leave ]N"ew York at 5 P. M., on Sonnd, by K"or- 
wich and Worcester boat, as by corresponding line 
for Boston. (See Boston ronte : " By boat by Kew 
London, &c.") As by that route, to New London, 
Norwich, and to 

Worcester, point of separation of the trains east- 
ward for Boston and northward for the Mountains, 
Worcester to 

Groton Junction [connections eastward for Con- 
cord and Boston; also eastward for Lowell and 
Lawrence; also westward for the Hoosic Tunnel 
(immense work of engineering, on the Mt. Oenis 
plan, not yet completed), for Albany, Trot/, &c.] 
Yery soon after leaving Groton Junction comes into 
view the Merrimac River, with the striking and pic- 
turesque scenery of the 

Valley of the MerrimaCj considered among the 



no UTE NO. "l.—NORTHEBir AND EASTERN. 137 

Snest rivers in jN"ew England, and thenceforward ac- 
companying tiie traveler almost to tlie foot of tlie 
mountains. Next important point is 

Manchestee, New Hampshire, large and thriving 
manufacturing village, on the Merrimac, the mills 
:ind some other factories worthy of attention from 
those whose leisure permits stoppage, but showing 
even more than ordinary interest in manufacturing 
detail, even from the train. Hotel : the Manchester 
House, Manchester, still along the Merrimac, to 

Coi^conD, capital of the State of Kew Hampshire, 
lying on the same river, and pi esenting many points 
of attraction for visit or residence. It has handsome 
public grounds; notable public buildings, in the 
Etate House (recently rebuilt), the State Lunatic 
Asylum^ State Prison, and some of the municipal 
and other erections ; and Maiii street, the principal 
thoroughfare, i% remarkably long, fine and well 
kept. It has great granite quarries in the neighbor- 
hood, a considerable amount of manufactures and 
much general prosperity. Leading Hotel : the Eagle 
House. [Connection by rail, eastward to Dover, 
Portsmoutli, &c.; westward "to the Connecticut 
Valley routes northward and southward, &c.] Con- 
cord (with distant but very fine views of the Win- 
nipesaukie and White Mountains commencing, and 
thence continuing, with infinite variations, to the 
end of the route), by Sanbornton and other stations 
to 

Wsir's Landing, at the western edge of Lake 



1S8 SHOET-TEIP GUIDE. 

Winnij^esaulcie, witli very fine views over the Lake 
and its many islands. [Connection, by boat on the 
Lake, for Centre Har'bor orWoifboro', and thence by 
stage-coach for Conway and the "White Eange.] 
Weir's Landing, by Meredith, &c., to 

Plymouth, at the foot of the monntains, with 
splendid views southward and many attractions as a 
place of sojourn. Hotel : the Fer}iig aw asset. (Lei- 
surely pause, for dinner). 

[At Plymouth stage-coach or private carriage 
may be taken, for the splendid drive of twenty-five 
to thirty miles, up through the Valley of the Pemi- 
gawasset, to the Profile House — during which a se- 
ries of views will be enjoyed, approaching the moun- 
tains, not often equalled in any land.] 

From Plymouth, by rail, literally among the moun- 
tains, and among glorious scenery, to 

Wells River [connection westward for Mo'^dpelier 
(capital of the State of Vermont) and E'crthern 
Vermont; southward for White River Junction. 
Eoute may also be pursued northward, either before* 
or after visiting the Franconia Notch, to Neivporl 
and the beautiful Lake Memphkemagog, lying on 
the border between Vermont and Canada, and offer- 
ing fine views, picturesque scenery, excellent fishing, 
and many other attractions. Or, the same route 
may be pursued, to Newport, thence on by way of 
Eichmond, &c., to Quebec, or bending westward 
from Richmond, to Mojsttreal.] 

"Wells River, through even grander scenery than 
that from Plymouth, to 



ROUTE NO. 1.— NORTHERN AND EASTERN. 139 

Littleton, small village at the entrance of the Fran- 
conia I^otcli, whence stage-coach is taken, for the 
ride through the Notch, with many of the best 
features of American mountain scenery, to the 

Profile House. [For notes on the Profile House 
and neighborhood, see immediately following.] 

Division B. 

BY 2?"EW LONDOK AND THE NEW LONDON NORTH- 
ERN ROUTE. 

l^Qw York by Norwich and Worcester boat on the 
Sound, 5 P. M,j as by route just concluded, to 

Netu London. (Later rest is secured, by this 
route, than by that by Worcester and Winnipesau- 
kie, from the non-necessity of taking the train until 
5 A. M.) From ISTew London by rail, by Norioicli, 
through a very pleasant and prosperous part of the 
State of Connecticut, and past villages embodying 
large manufacturing interests ; by WiUimmitic (man- 
ufacturing village, with railway connections west- 
ward to the Hartford, ProvideDce and Fishkill road) ; 
by Tolland, Stafford, Monson, &c., to Palmer [con- 
nections eastward to Worcester and Boston, west- 
ward to Springfield, for either Hartford, I^ew Raven 
and New York, or Pittsfield, Albany and Troy]. 
Palmer to Amlierst, where the peculiarly splendid 
scenery of the line, embodying the bold character- 
istics of the Green Mountain region of Vermont, 
may be said properly to begin, continuing thence all 
the way to White River Junction. Amherst to 



140 SEOBT-TBIP GVIBK 

Groufs Corners, important station. [Connections, 
eastward to FitMurg, Groton and Boston; west- 
ward to Greenfield^ North Adams, &c., and to 
Albany and Troy.] Grout's Corners, "by South 
Vernon, to 

Beattleboeo, Vermont, thriving town on the 
Connecticut Eiver, with some manufactures, a spe- 
cialty of being markedly healthy as a residence, and 
a State Lunatic Asylum bearing a very high re})utar 
tian. Brattleboro to 

Belloios Falls, also on the Connecticut Eiver, de- 
riving its singular name from an ancient peculiarity 
of the river in the neighborhood. [Connections 
northwest to Rutland, Burlington, Lake Champlain, 
&c. ; and southeast to Eeene, Groton, Boston, &c.] 
Bellows Falls by Claremont and Windsor, to 

WJiite Fdver Junction, at the intersection of the 
White Eiver with the Connecticut, important place 
of transfer in cross-travel. [Connections, west to 
Rutland, Whitehall, Saratoga, &c. ; northwest to 
Mo7itpelier, Burlington, Rouse^s Point and Canada ; 
east to Concord, Salem, Boston, &e.} White Eiver 
Junction to 

Wells River, [Northern connections to E"ewport, 
Lahe Mem.phremagog, Quebec or Montreal, as in last 
previous route.] 

Wells Eiver to Littleton; thence by stage -coacb 
as before noted, to the 

PROFILE House. 



RO UTE NO. l.—NORTHEBN AND EASTERN 141 
Division C. 

AT AND ABOUT THE PROFILE HOUSE (fRAKCONIA 

kotch). 

Probably no section of mountain scenery in • 
America, of like extent, presents so many points of 
interest and beauty as appear in the Tranconia 
Notcli, though in the detail of absolute grandeur it 
can by no means claim the same distinction. 
Taking the Profile House as the central point, the 
principal objects may be found grouped around it 
within very brief distance, as follows : 

Eclio Lake, lying within a few hundreds of yards, 
embogomed in fine woods, under the brow of Eagle 
Cliff, nfibrding fine views of ML Lafayette, charm- 
ing boating, and a repetition of ecJioes (from the 
Cliff), scarcely second to those of the Eaglets Nest 
at KOlarney. The 

Cannon Mountain, at the base of which the Pro- 
file House stands, and ascended from it, with mod- 
erate difficulty, a magnificent view being the re- 
ward. On the top of the mountain, at near the brow 
overhanging the valley, some rocks, singularly dis- 
posed, suggest the shape of a Cannon, mounted on 
its carriage, whence the name; and the extreme 
brow of the mountain itself forms, in a peculiar com- 
bination of great rocks, the 

Old Man of the Moicntain, colossal face, sixty feet 
in height from chin to brow, hanging over the im- 
mense gulf, and perfect in every detail of a majestic 



143 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

human face, as seen from tlie road at some distance 
below the Profile (whicli of course takes its name 
from that view). Below this, which is undoubtedly 
the most striking single curiosity of all the range, 
lies the little Profile Lake, sometimes called the 
"Old Man's Bath," or " Washbowl," or « Mirror," 
affording a wonderful reflection of the stony face in 
calm weather, and said to be full of fine trout. A 
mile below the Profile is to be reached (ride or 
walk), the Basin, pool of remarkable shape and 
character, and Old Man's Foot, lyiug in it in colos- 
sal stone. Thence, five miles further, the Flume 
House, summer resort, now disused ; and near it 

Tlie Flume, only second to the Old Man of the 
Mountain as a great natural curiosity, being an im- 
mense fissure or split in the solid rock of the moun- 
tain, varying from 10 to 20 feet in widtli, and the 
walls from 20 up to 100 feet in height, with a small 
rapid stream brawling over rough stones below, and 
a boarded walk up the gorge. At one point, a huge 
oval stone, of many tons in weight, hangs by the 
two points midway up the chasm ; and at another 
a dangerous bridge has been thrown over, at the 
top, by the falling of a tree. At no great distance 
from the Flume lies 

The Pool, a literal hole in the rock, of great depth 
and singularity of appearance, reached by a difficult 
climb down the bank, and formerly the abode of a 
strange madman named Merrill, who paddled visi- 
tors round it in a crazy boat, declared it the "centre 



BOUTENO.l.—NOBTEEBIfANDEASTEItN'. 143 

of the earth," and exhibited a letter to him from 
Queen Victoria, dated at the Kitchen of Bucking- 
ham Palace ! 

From the front of the Flume House and neigh- 
borhood is to be seen a natural wonder of great 
prominence, the 

Dead Washington, being the profile face and form 
of that hero, in a recumbent position and as if 
shrouded, lying at a length of miles, the shape sup- 
plied by the shapes and position of several moun- 
tains of the Haystack group. May also be seen, be- 
tween the Profile and the Flume, at some distance 
from the road, Walhefs Falls, a fine cascade ; and 
two miles below the Flume, Georgiana Falls, the 
largest in the range. 

Of Ascents from the Profile, besides that of the 
Cannon, the principal are those of 

Mount Lafayette, the highest peak of the Franco- 
nia Eange, and commanding a fine yiew, with only 
a limited amount of toil (horseback or foot) — and 
Bald Mountain, a lower elevation, but still with fine 
view (carriage). 

[From the Profile House to Craivford House, 
(carriage) for the White Eange and ascent of Mount 
Washington from that direction, with descent by 
rail to the Glen. House; or to Littleton, Wells Kiver 
and White Eiver Junction, for pursuance of the 
route to Canada.] 



ROUTE 8.-NEAR WESTER!^. 

HEW YOEK, BY KAIL, BY THE NEW JERSEY CITIES, 
TO AND AT PHILADELPHIA. 

Division A. 

K'EW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY THE PENNSYL- 
VANIA RAILROAD. 

Leaye New York by the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
by ferry from foot of Cortlandt street, or foot of 
Desbrosses street; cross the Hudson river, to 

Jersey Oity, a large and thriving town, lying in 
the State of New Jersey, but really a suburb and 
connection of JSTew York, with which most of its 
more important business interests are identified. It 
is growing and improving rapidly, is laymg out pub- 
lic grounds, has extensive Water- Works, and enjoys 
the specialty of the Cunard Doclcs near the ferry, 
from which sail all the steamers of that popular line. 
Hotels, Taylofs, American, FisTc's^ &c. From Jer- 
sey City, by rail, across flat and uninteresting 
country, to 

Newark, on the Passaic River, now largest city 
in the State, and one of the handsomest, as well as 
most important in point of manufactures, especially 
of leather, carriages and fancy work. [Reached by 
steamboat and other water-conveyance from New 



EOUTE NO. 9.—JSrUAB WE8TEBN, 145 

Yort. Also reached from New York by train on 
the Newark and New York road, from foot of 
Liberty street ; and (northern portion) by the Mor- 
ris aod Essex road, from foot Barclay street.] It is 
regularly laid out; has two handsome parks, many 
charming drives in the neighborhood ; a great num- 
ber and variety of the residences of the wealthy on 
Broad and other principal streets; some public 
buildings worthy of attention (including the Post 
Office, City Hall, County Court House and several 
of the many churches) ; and is famed for the excep- 
tional beauty of its female population, as seen on 
promenade or elsewhere. Hotel : the NewarJc House, 
From Newark visit may be paid to Orange, very 
beautiful village, lying near, at the north; to the 
Orange 3Iountains ; to the popular place of resort, 
Llewellyn Farlc, &c. Or, they may be reached di- 
rectly from New York by the Morris and Essex 
road, foot of Barclay street.] Newark to 

Elizabeth, smaller town somewhat resembling 
Newark in appearance and general characteristics, 
though less notable in manufactures and possibly ex- 
celling the other in the finished beauty of some of 
its suburban grounds and wealthy residences. Has 
the specialty of being passed through, daily, by 
more railway trains than almost any other town in 
America, two great lines intersecting in it, and. an 
immense coal-trade from Eastern Pennsylvania 
passing through it to its adjoining town and the 
principal entrepot and shipping-port of that article, 



146 SnOBT-TEIP GUIDE. 

EUzalietliport. Eivals Newark in female beauty, in 
fashion and the wealth of residents. [Also reached 
from N"ew York by the New Jersey Central road, 
foot of Liberty street.] Elizabeth to 

Raliiuay, handsome village, also much affected as 
a residence of citizens, and with specialty of con- 
siderable manufactures, for the Southern and other 
markets. Kahway to 

New Bkukswick, one of the oldest towns in the 
State, though inferior in size to several others. It 
is pleasantly situated on the Earitan Kiver, has a 
considerable amount of manufactures, and is the 
point of entrance into the Earitan Eiver and Bay of 
the same name (Lower New York Bay), of the Dela- 
ware and Raritan Canal^ from the Delaware Eiver 
at Bordentown. Its principal celebrity, however, 
lies in its being the seat of Rutgers College, and the 
TlieologicaX Seminary of the Eeformed Dutch 
Church, both old and influential institutions, hold- 
ing excellent rank. Among the buildings best worth 
notice, are those of the College, on an elevated 
square, within view from the railway; the Theo- 
logical Hall ; the County Buildings, in the public 
square ; and several churches of prominence. Many 
fine drives are to be enjoyed by those making stay, 
into the handsome and well-cultivated country in 
the neighborhood, to Boimd BrooJc, &c. Leading 
Hotels, the Railroad, Bulls Read, &c. 

Beyond New Brunswick, the railway is accom- 
panied for much of the distance by the Delaware 



ROUTE NO. S.—NBAS WESTERK 147 

and Raritan Canal. At Monmouth Junction inter- 
section is made for Freeliold, tlie Battle Ground of 
Monmouth, and soiitli-eastern portions of the State. 
ISText stopping place of importance^ 

PEiiTCETOi^ — Station, the town lying away at the 
right, though in sight, and steam connection in wait- 
ing. Princeton is another of the old and import- 
ant towns of the State, with a peculiar status in Eey- 
olutionary history as haying been the scene of one of 
Washington's most memorable conflicts, of which the 
field extends from the town itself to what is called 
the *• Battle Ground," more than a mile distant. Its 
more marked celebrity, howeyer, lies in its being the 
seat of the College of Neio Jersey (called alternately, 
" Princeton College,'' and often, from one of the 
oldest buildings, " ISTassau Hall.") It is also the seat 
of the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian de- 
nomination, in connection with the College, which 
has long eujoyed a yery high reputation, and which 
is now presided oyer by the celebrated Scotch di- 
vine, Dr. McCosh, late of Queen's College, Belfast. 
The grounds of the College (like many of those of 
the town) are very handsome. Peale's " Washing- 
ton," in the College library, is a picture of merit and 
historical interest. To the Callege has also lately 
been added an Astronomical Observatory^ with fine 
instruments. 

Beyond Princeton is soon reached 

Trektos", capital of the State of New Jersey, 
lying on the left or east bank of the Delaware river, 



148 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

and famous as th« scene of Washington's " Crossing 
the Delaware/' Dec, 1776. It is a thriving manu- 
facturing town, especially preeminent in iron works ; 
and has yery costly constructions connected with 
the passage through the town of the Delaware and 
Karitan Canal. [Eailroad connectioQj north, for 
Belviderey Easton, and the Upper Delaware and 
Pennsylvania Coal-Eegions ; and south to Boi^den- 
•town, and by that route to Philadelphia.] The 
principal erections of prominence are the State 
House, modern and very handsome (with valuable 
EevolutioDary memorials in the Library) ; the State 
Lunatic Asylum, Arsenal^ Penitentiary, and some 
of the County 'buildings. The views over the Dela- 
ware and the Pennsylvania shore opposite, from 
some portions of the town, are very fine and memor- 
able. Prominent hotels, the American and Trenton. 

[Optional route may be taken, at Trenton, by 
rail, down the Delaware Eiver to Bordentoion and 
Camden, thence to Philadelphia by ferry. See 
Division B. of this route.] 

At Trenton the Delaware Eiver is crossed, by 
bridge, to the State of Pennsylvania, by 

Bristol, handsome and thriving village of that 
State, and by Frankford (with a United States. 
Arsenal) ioGermantovm2in.ii West Philadelphia, ]^omt 
of debarkation for 

Philadelphia. 



ROUTE NO. 8.—WUAE WE8TEBN, . 149 
Division B, 

NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY CAMDEK AND 
AMBOY EOUTE. 

Leave Kew York by Pennsylvania Eailroad, from 
foot of Oortlandt street, or foot Desbrosses street, as 
by Division A, of this route ; by Jersey City^ 
Neioarh, and Elizabeth, to Railway. (See Division 
A.) Thence diverging to 

Woodlridge, handsome village on the creek of the 
same name, emptying into Staten Island Sound; 
thence to 

Perth Amtoy, old but decayed seaport^ once ex- 
pected to become the rival of New York, especially 
in the India and tea trade, and with the noted 
Thomas H. Smith tea warehouses still standing. 
From Perth Amboy by ferry (or bridge), to 

South Amhoy, former place of debarkation from 
the New York steamers of the Camden and Amboy 
boat line. [From South Amboy, all-rail route 
to Keyport, Middletoiun and Long Beanch, of the 
Central Eailroad of New Jersey.] From South 
Amboy continue by rail to 

Jameslicrg, thriving small town, with State Eeform 
School for Boys. [Connection southward to Freehold, 
thence to Long Branch and the south-east; and 
northward to Pennsylvania Eailroad at Monmouth 
Junction, for Newark, Trenton, &c.] Theuce to 



150 SEOBTTBIF GUIDE. 

Cranherri/, Higlitstown [connection to Pemherton . 
and southwest] and 

BoEDENTOWK, handsome large village on the 
Delaware, and point of entrance into that river of 
the Delaware and Earitan Canal ; famous as having 
long been the residence (at Point Breeze — grounds 
to the right) of Joseph Bonaparte, ex-king of Spain. 
[Connection by boat down the Delaware to Phila- 
delphia ; by rail to Tre7iton, &c.] Bordentown to 

BuelikgtojST, also lying on the Delaware, and 
considered one of the handsomest towns in the 
State. It is the seat of Burlington College (Episco- 
pal), and of several notable male and female schools. 
[Connection by boat to Philadelphia and Borden^ 
town ; by rail to Mount Holly and other towns in the 
interior of the State.] Burlington by Beverley and 
other minor places, to 

Camden, on the Delaware, opposite Philadelphia. 
Thriving town, with much agricultural and some 
manufacturing industry, and residence of many 
Philadelphians. [Connection by West Jersey Rail- 
road southward to Bridgeton; south-eastward to 
Millville and Cape Mat, favorite sea-coast resort 
at the Capes of the Delaware ; eastward by the 
Camden and Atlantic to Atlantic City, another 
favorite watering place on the New Jersey coast of 
the Atlantic; and by Pemb. and Hightstown road to 
the New Jersey Southern, Long Branch and New 
York]. Perry across the Delaware to 

Philadelphia. 



ROUTE NO. S.—NEAE WESTERN, l^^a 

Division C. 

XEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY THE "NEW 

line" — (N. J. CENTRAL, EOUND BROOK, 

AND NORTH PENN.) 

Leave New York by tlie New Jersey Central Rail- 
road, by boat from foot of Liberty street, to Long- 
Dock, Communipaw. By cars of the New Jersey 
Central Eoad (see Route 13, pp. 206 and 207), to 
Elizabeth, Westfield, Plainfield (with Washington's 
Rock near), and intermediate stations, to 

Bound Brook, a Tillage of some prominence on the 
Raritan River, a few miles above New Brunsvv^ick, to 
which there is stage commnnication from it, and 
also to Basking Ridge, beyond. Within two miles 
is "Chimney Rock," a somewhat celebrated land- 
mark of the neighborhood; and near Bound Brook 
was fought a battle between the British and Amer- 
icans, with defeat of the latter, in 1777; as also the 
American Army encamped a few miles to the north- 
west, in the winter of 1778-9. 

At Bound Brook the line is contimled, taking the 
rail of the Delaware and Bound Brook road (though 
with no change of cars — the whole line beiiig run 
under one management) ; within a short distance of 
Princeton (see Route 8, p. 147), to which present 
stage-connection, with branch-rail to follow ; by 
Hopewell (branch rail to Trenton), to 

Yardleyville, on the Delaware, where that river is 
crossed, on a new and magnificent iron bridge — the 
crossing affording fine view of the river and sur- 
roundings. (From Yardleyville to Teenton, con- 



1506 BBOnf-TBlP GUIDE. 

nection by the Belvidere Delaware Eailroad.) From 
YardleyvillGj through Bucks County, Pa., by New-' 
toivn, to junction with the Main Line of the North 
Pennsylvania Eailroad, at 

JenJcintoivn. From jenkintown, by the North 
Penn. roacl, direct to Philadelphia. 

[The North Pennsylvania Railroad, with which 
connection is here formed, as above noted, at Jen- 
kintown, supplies one of the great trunk lines of 
Pennsylvania, forming a favorite and most available 
route to the North, Niagara Falls, the Lakes, etc. 
By this line, for the North, from Philadelphia, by 
Abington, Lansdale (connection to Doylestown and 
JSforristown), to 

Bethlehem, important town on the Susquehanna 
River (connection to Easton, etc., and the East). 
Thence by Lehigh Yalley Railroad, through one of 
the most j^icturesque portions of Pennsylvania, along 
the Valle}^ of the Lehigh, by Allentown (connection 
to New York and the East, by the "Allentown 
Line" — see Route 13); by Mauch Chunk; the Sivitch 
Back; Glen Onoko, etc., to 

"Wirf^-^ESBAKRE, important tow^n and one of the great 
centres of the coal-region, lying on the Susquehanna 
River. (Harvey's Lake and the beautiful valley of 
Wyoming may be reached in a few miles drive). 
From "Wilkesbarre, by the same road, to Waverley 
or Elmira, on the Erie road; and by the Lake Dis- 
tricts (Geneva, Cayuga, Seneca, etc.), to Niagaraj 
the great Lakes, Canada, etc.] 



ROUTE NO. 8,—NBAE WESTEBN. 151 

Division Z). 

A.T AKD ABOUT PHILADELPHIA, WITH EXCT7E- 

SIOjS'S. 

Philadelphia, mosfc important city of Pennsyl- 
vania, second in the Union in point of population, 
largest of all in the extent of ground comprised 
within city limits, and dividing with Boston the 
claim of being the most influential after the com* 
mercial metropolis — lies on the Delaware Eivei*, at 
about one hundred miles from its mouth at Dela- 
ware Bay, and above and very near the debouchure 
into that river of the Schuylkill, the latter stream 
running through the city at its western extremity 
and adding materially to the beauty and healthful- 
ness of location. It is well known to have been 
founded by William Penn, the Quaker, and to bo 
the headquarters of his denomination (whence its 
soicbriquet, the " Quaker Oity " ) ; and it enjoys, in 
addition, the distinction of being the most regu- 
larly built city on the continent if not in the world, 
the mass of its streets lying at right angles and 
giving it an appearance of primness alternately 
counted a charm and a blemish. From this latter 
feature, combined with all the streets running par- 
allel with the Delaware being numbered, from one 
upward— and the space between each of these 
streets, on the intersecting ones, numbered as one 
hundred, in supplying street-numbers — ^less diffi- 
culty is involved, in the stranger finding his way 



152 SHOBT-TEIP GWIDK 

tlirougli and about it, tlian tlirougli any other citj 
in the world, of correspondhig size. Still addition- 
ally it should be noted that the street-car system is 
wonderfully complete and perfect, routes crossing 
each other at short distances, and a system of 
"transfers" from one route to another making 
transit much easier and cheaper than it could other- 
wise be found. Carriage-hire, cheaper than in I'^ew 
York, though high; not differing materially from 
the same detail at Boston. ' 

Philadelphia has many notable Streets, of which 
the characteristics are worth study, for their indi- 
vidual and collective character. First among these 
is Ohestnut Street, at once business and fashionable, 
on which are located some of the best hotels, and 
which has by far the handsomest display of shop- 
fronts on the continent. Next to this, perhaps, is 
MarTcet Street, wide thoroughfare, dividing the 
cross- streets into " North " and *' South," and dis- 
playing much railway traffic and other heavy trade. 
Arch and Walnut are also both business streets of 
importance. The Exchange stands m Doch Street, 
between "Walnut and Spruce; and much of the 
commercial and financial force of the city is to be 
found in that neighborhood, and near- the Delaware, 
between SMppen Street, on the South, and Vine 
Street, on the North, and Front Street to Sixth 
Street, in the cross direction. Fottrteentli Street is 
ordinarily called Broad Street, and has much fash- 
ion and many prominent buildings. Ridge and 



ROUTE NO. S.—NEAE WESTERN. ^ 153 

Girard Avenues hold position as places of fashion- 
able residence, and drives leading to Girard Oollegej 
Fairmount Park, etc. 

Of Public Buildings there are many of import- 
ance and interest. The first place is held, histori- 
cally, by Indej^endenco Hall, Chestnut street, nota- 
ble as having been th,e place of signing of the' 
Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, 
Fourth of July, 1776. Some historical pictures of 
value, statues, and many relics are preserved there ; 
and among others the " Liberty Bell," rung at the 
time of the Declaration, and bearing the strangely 
appropriate inscription : " Proclaim liberty through- 
out the land to all the inhabitants thereof." (Admis- 
sion to the Hall, every day, 9 to 2). The building 
and wings are now used as public offices. A re- 
cently erected statue of Washington fronts the main 
entrance. 2?^ext of the public buildings in import- 
ance, is Girard Collegey on Ptidge Avenue, some two 
miles from the city centre — the several buildings 
modern and of fine architecture, and the grounds 
handsome, but its principal celebrity (it has very 
little as an educational institution) lying in the 
strange will and bequest of Stephen Girard, the 
merchant, which founded it, and which among other 
odd features, allows no clergyman to enter it even 
on a visit. Next in importance is the U7iited States 
Mint, Chestnut street, with very perfect and inter- 
esting processes and a splendid collection of coins 
(admission daily, 9 to 12). Besides these, there are 



154 SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 

the Oustim House (formerly the United States 
Bank), Chestnut street; the Exchange, Dock street; 
the University of Pennsylvania, Ninth street near 
Chestnut; Jefferson Medical College, Tenth street 
near Chestnut; the Pennsylvania Hospital, Pine 
street ; Pennsylvania Insane Asylum, West Phila- 
clelphia (with West's great picture of " Christ Heal- 
ing the Sick"); £7". B. Marine llosjpital, near the 
IsTayy Yard; the Franklin Atlieneum, and other 
library and literary buildings ; Pennsylvania Acach 
emy of Fine Arts (with many good pictures: open 
daily), Chestnut street ; Eastern Penitentiary, 
Coates street, near Girard College; Union League 
Cluh House, Broad street ; Masonic Temple, Broad 
street ; Ledger Building ^ Sixth and Chestnut ; and 
many Banks, Insurance Buildings, Eailway Offices 
and Dwellings, of much costly beauty. The office- 
erections of the Pennsylvania and Reading Rail- 
roads, on Fourth street, are especially notable, as 
well as the freight and market buildings of those 
roads on Market street. Among the noblest of the 
other buildings nam.ed, are lAppincotf s great Book- 
House, Market street ; the Mutual Life Insurance 
Building, Chestnut street ; Farmers'' Market, Mar- 
ket street; Girard Bank, Third street; Fidelity 
Deposit building. Provident Life building, Penn- 
sylvania Life building, Bank of the Republic, Old 
Masonic Temple, &c., all on Chestnut street; West- 
ern Saving Fund, Tenth and Walnut, &c. 
In Antiquities Philadelphia possesses, besides In- 



ROUTE NO. %.-NEAB WE8TEEK 155 

dex>endcnce Hall (already mentioned), Carpcntefs 
Hally Chestnut street, used for the first assembling 
of the Colonial Congress ; Hultzlieimefs, where i 
Jefferson wrote the Declaration, cor. Market and 
Seventh streets ; the Grave of Franhlin, cor. Arch 
and Fifth streets; Indian Queen Hotels once resi- 
dence of Jefferson, cor. Market and Front streets ; 
Penn Cottage, Letitia street, near Second; Penn 
Treaty Monic^nent, Beach street, Kensington ; Old 
Sivedes' Church, Swanson street; London Coffee 
House, Front and Market streets ; Birth-joJace of 
the Flag, 239 Arch street; the Old Penn House, 
near Fairmount ; Old Belmont Mansion, near Fair- 
mount ; part of Pernios Elm Tree, in collection of 
Historical Library Association ; and others of minor 
importance. 

Of Public Grounds Philadelphia has more than 
the average in both variety and beauty. Fair- 
mount Park, on the Schuylkill (in connection with 
the long-celebrated Fairmount Water- WorJcs), is 
one of the largest parks in the world (containing 
over three thousand acres), with the Schuylkill, a 
noble and navigable river, running through it, and 
the upper portion containing the Wissahickon, a 
smaller river tributary to the Schuylkill, admitted 
on all hands to be singularly lovely in wood and 
water effects. Though this Park has been but a 
few years in course of construction, it has already 
assumed magnificent proportions, even as compared 
vnth the great parks of the Old "World; and it was 



156 SEORT-TMIP GUIDE. 

within this Park, in the broad grounds lying east- 
ward of George's Hill, one of the highest emi- 
nences of the whole, that the Centennial Exhibi- 
tion, in honor of the one hundred years of Ameri- 
can Independence was held, from the lOth of May 
to the 10th of November, 1876, in a range of the 
largest buildiogs yet erected by any of the nations 
for similar purposes. And here, in the Main Exhi- 
bition Building (still preserved, with Horticultural 
Hall, the Art Gallery, St. George's Hall, &c.),-— the 
Permanent Exhibition commenced with May 10th, 
1877, after the worthy pattern of that at the Syden- 
ham Crystal Palace. Many of the Bridges are nota- 
ble for beauty as well as strength, and must form a 
feature in the future celebrity of the Park. The Sus- 
pension Bridge, at the Water-Works, was built by 
Col. Ellett, the constructor of the Niagara Suspen- 
sion Bridge, and afforded a model for the latter. The 
new Grand avenue bridge drive over the Schuylkill, 
between the East and West Parks, though a level 
erection, is very graceful, and the widest in the 
world. Near it, the New York Eailroad Bridge 
contrasts well with its rival, though entirely differ- 
ent in character, combining round end-arches with 
one wide flat trussed centre ; and the minor erections 
of the same character display taste blended with 
' solidity. Of art in its more ordinary sense, the two 
most prominent objects, thus far, are the elegant 
monument to Frederick Graff, first engineer of the 
Water- Works, near the works themselves, and a 
bronze sitting statue of President Lincoln, within 



ROUTE WO. ^—NEAB WESTERN. 157 

tlie lower entrance, near the Wire Bridge. There 
are also some line fountains. 

The grounds purchased for the Park contained 
many old houses^ some of them of much interest; 
and. the best of these have been judiciously preserv- 
ed. Among the most notable is the house once 
belonging to John Penn, grandson of William, and 
owned by descendants until the present purchase. 
On a part of the same property stand the Lans- 
downe Pines — two trees of great size, age and" 
grandeur of appearance. Even more interesting 
than the Penn house is the Belmont Mansion, also 
preserved — dating back to 1745— the home of Eich- 
ard Peters, an eminent jurist, Member of Congress, 
and Secretary of the Board of War during the 
Revolution, who entertained under its roof, Wash- 
ington, Lafayette, Jefferson, Robert Morris, Ritten- 
house, and many others of the Revolutionary 
worthies, while Talleyrand, Louis Philippe and 
Tom Moore are known to have visited it. The 
view from the front of this fine old house (now a 
restaurant) is almost matchless in varied beauty, 
over the Schuylkill, the city, &C. ; though that 
from George's Hill, the highest point of the grounds, 
is necessarily much more extensive, reaching to and 
beyond the Delaware at League Island. The upper 
portion of the Park, as already noted, includes not 
only the fine scenery of that part of the Schuylkill, 
but also that of the Wissahickon; and partially 
within it lies the scene of the unfortunate battle 



158 BEORT TRIP G JJIJDE. 

of Germantown, wliieh lost PliiladelpMa to tlie 
Americans in 1777. Of no secondary importance, 
in connection witli the Park and the Permanent 
Exhibition, are the very interesting Zoological Gar- 
dens, at the east end, near the Schuylkill, with Lion 
House, Aviary, Bear-Pits, Monkey House, &c. 

Fairmount Park, the Permanent Exhibition, or 
the Eairmount Water-Works, may be reached from 
the centre of the city by an immense number of 
street car lines, and other conveyances, easily dis- 
covered by the visitor, from the placards announcing 
the special point of their destination. By the Penn- 
sylvania Raih'oad, from New York and the East, or 
from the West (principal depot at Thirty-first and 
Market Sts., with supplemental station in front of 
the Centennial Grrounds), — or by the New York and 
Philadelphia New Line (depot at Third and Berks 
Sts., with horse-car connection), — access to all the 
grounds of interest is very direct and easy; and 
quite the same maybe said of the facilities for reach- 
ing them by the New Jersey Southern Eailroad from 
New York and the New Jersey coast, the connec- 
tions from that road, at the Market St. ferry, being 
direct by the Market Street line of cars, now ope- 
rated by steam, and supplying *' rapid transiL " in 
the place of the slow and tedious. 
. The Fairmount Water-Wbrlcs themselves demand 
attention, as among the best of their class ; the 
views over the Schuylkill from the raised promenade 



ROUTE NO. S.—NEAB WESTERN. 159 

are notably fine; and the SusjJension Bridge, al- 
ready mentioned, should not be oyerlooked in ob- 
servation of its rivals. (Other bridges of interest 
are the Iron Bridge, over the Schuylkill at Chest- 
nut street; the Market Street Bridge, of wood, lately 
rebuilt, &c.) (There are also other "Water-Works : 
the Delaware, on the river, foot of Wood street, and 
the Wester7i, with a beautiful tower, opposite Tair- 
niount.) Of the other public grounds of the city, 
the most interesting are Independence Square,, rear 
of Independence Hall ; Washington Square, near it ; 
Logan Square (largest of the old), Eighteenth 
street; Franhlin Square, Eace and Sixth streets; 
Peom Square, Broad and Market streets ; Jefferson 
Mi(l Ritte7iliouse Squares; and Hunting Parh {ol^L 
race-course) on the York road. 

Among the most notable of Philadelphia Churches, 
are the Catliedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (Catho- 
lic), Logan Square, with a noble dome, an admired 
altar-piece, and some good paintings; St. Marlc^s 
(Epis.), Locust street, with tower and spire of pecu- 
liar beauty ; St. Paul's (Epis.), Third street ; Christ 
Church (old). Second street, with tall steeple, fine 
chime of bells, and communion service of the time 
of Queen Anne ; Church of the Incarnation, Broad 
street; Baptist, 3^00.^ street; Calvary (Pres.), Lo- 
cust street; St. Stephen's (Epis.), Fourth street; 
St. Peter's (old). Pine street; St. Andreio's, Eighth 
street; &c., and (as curiosities, though eschewing 
any attempt at architecture) many of the Friend%^ 



160 BEORT-TEIP GUIDE. 

or Qualcer Meeting Houses, of whicli the city lias a 
remarkable nnmber and variety. 

Of Libraries, there are a large number, though the 
aggregate of yolumes embraced in all does not reach 
far beyond a quarter million. Among them are the 
FranTclin (sometimes called the "Philadelphia"), 
South Fifth near Chestnut street; the Atlieneum, 
Sixth street; the Mercantile', the Ajjprentices^ 
Friends\ Laio Association, &c. ; besides those con- 
nected with those prominent institutions, the His- 
torical Society., Sixth and Adelphi streets (antiqui- 
ties and curiosities) ; Academy of Natural Sciences, 
Broad street; the Franhlin Institute, Seventh 
street, &c. The principal Art Gallery is the Penn- 
sylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Chestnut street, 
containing among other prominent pictures. West's 
^' Death on the Pale Horse," Allston's "Raising 
of Lazarus," and others of merit by Stuart, Sully, 
Leslie and others. The principal Market, and one 
of the best-arranged and most luxuriously-supplied 
in America, is located on Market street, in the lower 
part of the city, and will well repay a visit, for ob- 
servance of the varied productions of the surround- 
ing country. 

Principal Places of Amusement: the American 
Academy of Music, Broad street, the handsomest 
and one of the largest musical houses in the United 
States; Arch Street Theatre, street of the same 
name ; Chestnut Street, street of that name ; Walnut 
Street, street of same name; Fo^s, Chestnut street; 



MOUTE NO. S.—NEAB WESTERN. IGl- 

Simmons and Slocum's Opera House (Efcbiopian), 
Arcli street; Eleventh Street Opera House (Ethio- 
pian), Eleyentli street; American Museum, I^intli, 
and Arch streets ; Musical Fund Hall, Locust street? 
&c. Leading Hotels : the Contineyiial, Chestnut 
street ; La Pierre House, Broad street ; Colonnade, 
Chestnut street; Girard House, Chesniut street; 
American, Gh.Q^tn.Vit street; St. Cloud, Avch street; 
WasJiingto7i, Chestnut street; Merchants^ Fourth 
street ; Trans- Continental and others, at the Exposi- 
tion Grounds, &c. 

For the additional conYenience of the rnauj^ tour- 
i=>ts who have not familiarized themselves with the 
" Quaker City," the following resumes and extensions 
are given, of location of principal places of interestj 
places of amusement, and railroad depots, with brief 
directions for reaching them. 

Principal Places of Interest, and Eoutes. 

Fairmount Parle and Centennial Grounds. — ^^[Nearly all 
leadinpf lines of street-cars, and other conveyances. See 
local directions.] 

Independence 'Hall — Place of signing the "Declaration 
of Independence," Chestnut street, south side, between 
Fifth and Sixth. N"ear lower hotels, and reached from 
upper by cars on Chestnut street. Admission free at or- 
dinary times, 9 A.M. to 2 P.M., and was naturally a place of 
great evening resort daring the Centennial. Entrance to 
steeple granted on application to the Superintendent in the 
Hall. 

Carpenter'' s ^«ZZ.— Place of original meeting of Continen- 
tal Congress. Chestnut street, south side (rear), between 
Fourth and Fifth. Hear Independence Hall, and reached 
in same manner. 

Orave of Franklin. — Plain horizontal slab, covering Ben- 
jamin Franklin and his wife, in graveyard of Christ Church. 
South-east corner Fifth and Arch streets. Very near both 
of the former- and not far from leading hotels. 



161a 8H0BT- TRIP G UIDE. 

Penn's Cottage. — Once the residence of William Penn. 
Letitia street, between Front and Second, near Market. 
Close to th.e Delaware River. 

Penn Treaty Monument.— ^'\Xq of tlie great elm tree nnder 
which William Penn made his treaty with the Indians. 
Small obelisk, with inscription. Beach street, above Han- 
over, Kensington. Reached by street-cars marked '' Rich- 
mond." 

Indian Queen Hotel. — Once residence of Jefierson. Coi' 
ner Market and Front streets. 

London Coffee- House. — Existing as a coffee-house, by that 
name, before the Revolution. South-west corner Front and 
Market streets, near the Delaware. 

Old Swedes' Ghurcli. — Built 1700. Swanson street, below 
Christian street. Reached by Second street cars. 

Birth-place of the American Flag. — Place where the first 
stars and stripes were made. Now 339 Arch street, near 
the Delaware. 

Chi'ist Church. — With oldest peal of bells in America. 
Second street, north of Market street. 

Oirard College^ — Ridge avenue, above Nineteenth street. 
Reached by Ridge avenue or Nineteenth street cars. Ad- 
mission by ticket, procurable at the Ledger office, Sixth and 
Chestnut streets. 

University of Pennsylvania. — Ninth street, above Chestnut. 
New building, Thirty-sixth street and Darby road. Reached 
by Market street cars to West Philadelphia ; thence Darby 
road cars. 

Philadelphia Library, and 

Loganian Library^ Fifth street, below Chestnut. 

Atheneum, and 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Sixth and Adelphl 
streets, below Walnut. 

Philadelphia Dispensary. — Oldest institution of the kind in 
America; established 1786. No. 127 South Fifth street. 

American Philosophical Society. — Fifth street, below Chest- 
nut. 

Academy of Natural Sciences. — Broad street, below Chest- 
nut. Open "Tuesday and Friday afternoons, but opened 
every afternoon during the Centennial. Admission 10 cents. 

Franklin Institute. — Seventh street, above Chestnut. 

Mercantile Library. — Tenth street, above Chestnut. 

Apprentices' i^^rarg/.—S outh-west corner Fifth and Arch 
streets. 



MOUT^ NO. 6.—NBAB WESTERN. 1615 

Pennsylvania Hospital. — Eighth and Spruce streets. 

Penn. Hospital for the 7n.<ti le.— Haverford road, Wesl 
Philadelphia. Keached by Market street cars. Admission 
by ticket, at the Ledger ottice. 

School of Design for Women. — North-west Penn Square, 
near Broad street and Chestnut, 

Deaf and Dumb Institution. — Broad and Pine streets. Ex- 
hibitions Thursday afternoons. Admission by ticket, at 
the Ledger office. 

Blind Asylum. — Twentieth, and Race streets. Wednesday 
afternoon concerts. Admission 10 cents. 

Blockley Almshouse. — Considered a model institution of ils 
kind. West Philadelphia. Reached by Walnut street cais 
to Thirty-fourth street. Tickets aj; No. 42 North Sertnth 
i^treet. 

Rouse of Refuge. — Twenty-second street, near Poplar 
street. Admission every afternoon except Saturday and 
Sunday. Reached by Union line of Fairmount cars. Tick- 
ets at Ledger office. 

Episcopal Hospital. — No, 2649- North Front .street, on the 
Delaware. 

TJ. S. Na'cal Asylum. — Gray's Ferry road, below South. 
Reached by cars on Pine street, or South street. 

Na'vy Yard. — On line of the Delavv-are, east of Front 
street, and south of Prime street. Reached by Second 
street cars (as to old Swedes' Church). 

Moyamensinq {County) Prison. — Eleventh, street and Passa- 
yunk road. Tickets at Ledger office. 

Eastern Penitentiary. — Coates street, above Twenty-sev- 
enth. Reached by cars out, on Coates street, or Union 
line of Fairmount cars, Tickets at Ledger office. 

Frankford Arsenal. — Frankford. Reached by Richmond 
line of horse-cars. 

Richmond Coal-Whorxes. — Grreatest single deposit of coal 
in the world, of the Reading Railroad Company, from the 
Schuylkill coal regions. On^the Delaware, North Philadel- 
phia, opposite Treaty Island. Reached by street cars mark- 
ed "Richmond." 

TI. S. Mint. — Chfstnut street, above Thirteenth. Ad-^,' 
mission from 9 to 12 A.M., daily, except Saturday andj- 
Sunday. 

Custom House. — Chestnut street, above Fourth. 

Post-Office. — Chestnut street, below Fifth. 

Commercial Exchange. — Second street, below Chestnut. 



IGlc JSHOET-TBIP GUIDE. 

Mechanics^ Exclmnge. — Third and "Walnut streets. 

Union League Cluh-House. — Broad and Sansom streets. 
Introduction by member of the Club required. 

Mmonic Hall, — Broad street, below Axch (old, 717 Chest- 
nut, above Seventh). 

SmiiKs Island, and 

WindmiU Island. — Small islands in the Delaware, oppo- 
site the city, and places of public resort. Ferry to Smith's, 
foot of Market street. 

Rultzlieiinefs JVeio Rouse. — House where Jefferson wrote 
the Declaration. South-west corner Seventh and Market 
streets. 

Laurel LRU Cemetery.— 'Ridge avenue. Eeached by Ridge 
avenue cars. 

lit. Vernon Cemetery .—l^td^ilj opposite Laurel Hill, and 
reached in same manner. 

Monument Cemetery. — Broad street, opposite Berks. 
Woodland Cemetery.— Bsivhj road, West Philadelphia. 
Reached by Market street or Walntit street cars to Darby 
road ; thence Darby road cars. 

Places of Amusement: 

Academy of Music. — Broad and Locust streets. 

Arch Street Theatre — Arch street, west of Sixth. 

Chestnut Street Theatre. — Chestnut street, above Twelfth. 

Walnut Street Theatre. — Walnut street, below Ninth. 

Jf^isewm.— Ninth and Arch streets. 

Simmons and Slocum^s Opera House. — Arch street, above 
Tenth. 

Eleventh Street Opera House. — ^Eleventh street, above 
Chestnut. 

Musical Fund Hall. — Locust street, below Ninth. 

Horticultural Hall. — Broad street, below Locust. 

Concert i2<a^W.— -Chestnut street, above Twelfth. 

Eaileoad Depots: 

Pennsylvania Railroad. — (For New York and the East, for 
the West, or for that connection to Baltimore, Washington 
and the South). Thirty -first and Market streets, reached 
by Market street cars; Keusington, reached by Third 
street cars ; and ferry foot of Market street. 



EOUTE JSrO. %.~NEAB WESTEBK 161d 

RMillng Railroad. — (For the Schuylkill, coal-regions, or 
the Norcu). Tiiirteenth and Callovviiill strests. German- 
town and Korristown branch, Kinth and Green streets. 

Philadelphia, WilmingUn and BaJ.timere R'iUroad.— (For 
Chester, Wilmington, Baltimore, Washington and the South). 
Broad and Prime streets. 

North Penvsylvania Railroad.— (Fot the North and for 
New York). Third and Berks streets. 

Camden and Atlantic Railroad. — (For Southern New Jer- 
s<?y and the Coast). Ferry foot of Vine street. 

West- Chester and Philadelphia Railroad. — (For local interi- 
or). Thirty-first and Chestnut streets. 

Suburban and other Excursions of interest from 
Philadelpliia, include the 

United States Navy Yardy on Front street and 
the Delaware River, entrance from foot of Federal 
street; with immense Sectional Dock, stocks and 
materials for war-vessels, munitions of war, &c. 
[Walk, or street-car.] Arrangements have been 
made for the substitution of League Mand, lower 
down the Delaware, as a new and larger navy yard; 
and the old is now virtually abandoned. Of scarce- 
ly less interest are the 

U. S. Arsenals^ of which one of the most import- 
ant is to be reached at FranTcford, north-east of the 
city, with interesting collection of arms and the 
largest powder magazine in the country ; and the 
other near Graifs Ferry, south of the city. Also, 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, on Eidge avenue, near the 
Schuylkill, and considered one of the handsomest 
of the cemeteries of the great cities, on account oi 
height of location, fine river-view, tasteful monu- 
ments and adornments. The group of " Old Mor- 



16U SEOBT-TEIP GUIDE. 

tality," by Thorn, at the entrancej and the Chapel, 
deserve attention, as do many of the monuments to 
well-known men, among others those of Dr. Kane, 
Gen'l Mercer, Gen'l Patterson, Br. Bird (the noyel- 
ist), Joseph 0. E"eal, Charles Thompson, Hassler, 
&c. [Reached by street-car, drive, or boat tip the 
Schuylkill from Fairmount.] Second in importance 
are the Woodlands Cemetery, on the Darby road, 
west of the Schuylkill ; Monument Cemetery, Broad 
street ; Olenwood Cemetery, Ridge road ; Mount 
Vernon Cemetery^ Ridge avenue ; Ronaldsonh Ceme- 
tery, Shippen street ; Friends' Burial Ground, Arch 
and Fourth streets, &c. [All, beyond short walk 
from leading hotels, reached by street-car,] 

Other Excursions, to 

Tlie WissaJiichon, creek or small river of marked 
shaded beauty, emptying into the SchuylkilL 
[Drive, on Ridge avenue, past Laurel Hill, or trip 
by boat on the Schuylkill from Fairmount and 
Park. To the Old Bartram Mansion, with Revolu- 
tionary reminiscences and a Botanic Garden, on the 
west bank of the Schuylkill. [Street cars on Darby 
road.] To FenrCs Roch, on the Haddington road 
(stone said to have been raised by William Penn). 

To Germantoiun, site of the battle of that name, 
fought by Washington in 1777; with interesting 
reminiscences, in Chew^s House, the Headquarters, 
Buttonball Tree Tavern, &c. To Manayunh, on 
the Schuylkill, with water-power and heavy manu- 
factures. [Street cars on Ridge-road, or boat on tha 



ROUTE NO. K—WBAB WESTERN: 161f 

■Scliuylkiil.] [Street car and short steam eonnec- 
tixjn, every quarter-lioiir.] To Grmnwich Pemt 
and Ulowcester Point y-ow the Delaware, favorite near 
places of summer resort, a few miles below tlie city. 
[Ferry from Soutli street.] To Red Bmih and FoH 
Mifflin, two miles below the places last named, with 
Eevolutionary reminiscences, Count Donop's Grave, 
a Battle Monument, &c. ; and also to League Island^ 
lying near, and the site of the new ISTavy Yard, 
[Boats, very frequent] To SmiWs Island and 
Windmill Island, lyi^ig ii^ the Delaware, midway 
between the City and Camden, and passed through 
by the ferry-boats. Resort for relaxation and ^' clam* 
chowders." To Oamden, New Jersey [several fer- 
ries: see route from ISTew York, Division B.] To 
Bfidgeton, New Jersey, great fruit-packing centre. 
[Ferry to Camden, and West Jersey Railroad.] 
To Vineland, New Jersey, great grape and fruit- 
growing centre. [Ferry to Camden, and Camden 
and Atlantic road to Atsion — thence Vineland 
Railway.] To Bordentowu and Burlington. [Boat 
on the Delav/are, or rail.] 

Still other Excursions will be those to 
NoERisTowi^, on the Schuylkill, county seat of 
Montgomery County, with pleasant location, two 
fine Bridges, and handsome Court-House. [Rail- 
way on Reading road, or long drive of much bea-uty]. 
To 

Valley Forge, place of the American winter- 
quarters in 1777-8, on the Schuylkill, with Wash- 



16tg 8H0BT- TRIP O UIDE. 

ington's Headquarters still remaining, as well as tlie 
Old Hospital, earth-works, and many other remind- 
ers of that trying period — and the King of Prussia 
Tavern and Paoli, both celebrated in the struggle, 
at short distance. [Railway on Reading road.] To 

Readhstg, important town of the interior, with 
immense coal and other industries on the road, at 
and in the neighborhood. [Railway on Reading 
road.] . To 

Eastoic, Belawaeb Watee-Gap, &c. [See 
Longer Excursions from New York.] [Rail on 
^Northern Pennsylvania, and Delaware, Lackawanna 
and Western roads.] To 

Haeeisbueg, Capital of the State of Pennsylva- 
nia, by Lancaster^ &c. [Rail on the Pennsylvania 
Road: see Route 12.] To 

PiTTSBUEGH, great iron manufacturing centre of 
the State, often called the '^American Birming- 
ham," and notable for the resemblance of its smoky 
atmosphere to that of English manufacturing towns. 
In connection, to Wheeling. [Rail on Pennsylvania 
road. See Route 12, pp. 200, &c.] To 

Altoona and the Allegheny Mountains, for fine 
scenery of the road, considered among the noblest 
in America Also, to C'resson and Johnstoivn, be- 
yond. [Rail on Pennsylvania road, as for Pitts- 
burgh, &c,} To 

Atlantic City, favorite place of summer resort, 
with fine bathing, on the New Jersey coast, near 
Egg Harbor and the Inlet of the same namei 



ROUTE wo. ^.- NEAU WESTERN. 16U 

Prominent Hotels, the Atlantic House., and Surf 
House. [Eeached by ferry to Camden, tlience rail 
on the Camden and Atlantic road direct.] To 

Cape May (Cape Island), still more prominent 
and popular as a place of seaside summer resort, 
and especially chosen by Philadelphians. It lies at 
the extreme southern point of New Jersey, at the 
northern entrance of Delaware Bay, has an exten- 
sive beach with fine sea-view and bathing, and ranks 
beside IN'ewporfc and Long Branch. Prominent 
Hotels : the StocTcton House, Congress Hall., Unitocl 
States, West Jersey, ColumUa, Delaware, Atlantic, 
&c. [Beached by ferry to Camden, thence by rail 
on the West Jersey, and Millville and Cape May 
roads.] To 

LoxG Bkakch. [See Longer Excursions from 
New York.] [Reached by ferry to Camden, thence 
rail on Pemb. and Hightstown and New Jersey 
Southern roads. Also, with connection, Long 
Branch to New York, ^ ^ 



ROUTE m. 9-WESTERM AND SOUTHERN'. 

PHILADELPHIA^ BY WILMINGTON" (DEL.) TO AND AT 
WASHINGTON AND RICHMOND^ 

Divisimi A, 

PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE BY WILMINGTON^ 

Leave Philadelphia by rail on the Philadelphia^, 
Wilmiogton and Baltimore road, from Broad Street 
and Washington Avenue, or from West Phila- 
delphia. First point of interest passed is the Laza- 
fettOy on the bank of the Delaware, some ten miW 
below the city and at some distance left from the 
road — an immense building, with cupola, long used 
for the detention of cases of infectious disease. In a 
short distance is reached 

Chester, the oldest town in the State, and at one 
time, under William Penn, the seat of government of 
the province. It has as curiosities, the spot whero 
Penn landed on his first coming from England, a 
very old Court Rouse, &c. Very little beyond, the 
crossing is made from the State of Pennsylvania 
into that of Delaware; and still a little beyond is 
passed the Brmidi/tmne Creeh, scene of the battle of 
the same name (at Chadd's Ford), defeat of the 
Americans and wounding of Lafayette, in 1777-8. 

After leaving Chester, is reached 

Lcmiolcin Jimctian, [v^'ith the Philadelphia and 



EO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTEEEN. 1G3 

Baltimore Central Railroad , for Port Deposit, Havre 
de Grace (with very fine Bridge over the Susqiie- 
banna), Baltimore, &c.] Lamokin Junction to 

Wilmikgto:n", Delaware, one of the most import- 
ant towns of that small State, and in the midst of 
an agricultural section of special fertility, the great 
peach-growing district being within easy reach of 
any one making brief stoppage. It occupies the site of 
the old Swedish Fort Christina ; has extensive ship- 
jrards, flour and powder-mills, foundries, &c. ; and 
is also distinguished as the seat of St. Marifs Col- 
lege (Catholic), and other educational institutions of 
merit. Among its most prominent curiosities are 
the ship-yards and powder-mills, before named ; the 
Old Swedes' CJmrcli, nearly 200 years old, with 
ancient grave-yard and singular epitaphs ; the Col- . 
l^gQ, &c. [Railway connection south to ElMon, 
Townsend, Dover (capital of the State), Lewes, 
Salisbury, Crisfield (for boat to Norfolk) &c, ; 
westward to Hanover, HARRiSBtjEG, &c.] From 
Wilmington, passing Neiu Castle Junction [connec- 
tion for Neio Castle, &c.], and minor stations, is 
reached 

Havre de Grace, Maryland, at the debouchure of 
the Susquehanna River into Chesapeake Bay, and also 
at the southern terminus of the Tidewater Canal. 
Here the Susquehanna is crossed by a handsome and 
costly Railroad Bridge, not long finished; and in 
crossing, splendid views are caught (below) of Ches- 
apeake Bay and the shore-scenery on both sides. 



164 snonr-TRip guide. 

[Railway connections from Havre de Grace, nortli- 
•westward, to Harrisbueg and tlie West and 
ISTortliwest.] From Havre de Grace, over fiat and 
low country, with passage of the long 

Bridges over Bush and Gunpoiuder Rivers (the 
former 5-8 of a mile in length, and the latter 1 mile), 
both of which were destroyed during the secession- 
war, and rebuilt, — to Baltimore. 

Division B. 

AT AKD ABOUT BALTIMORE, WITH EXCURSIONS. 

Baltimore, on the Patapsco River, branch of 
Chesapeake Bay, most important town in the State 
of Maryland, seaport of eminence, considered one 
of the handsomest cities in the Union, and dividing 
with two or three others the claim of producing the 
most beautiful women, while to Europeans it pos- 
sesses the peculiar interest of having supplied wives 
to a remarkable number of the English aristocracy 
(Wellesley family, and others), and also a wife (Miss 
Patterson) to Jerome Bonaparte. It has a striking 
situation, on rising ground sloping up from the 
harbor, in that respect rivalling Boston; and the 
numerous spires and monuments fitly crown a pic- 
ture otherwise of great beauty. Baltimore has an 
inner and outer harbor, above and below FolVs 
Point, into the latter of which the largest ships en- 
ter without difiiculty ; and the city proper is di- 
vided, nearly North and South, by a narrow stream. 



RO UTE NO.^.— WESTERN AND SO UTEEEN. 165 

wifcli many bridges, called Jones^ Run. A strong 
and handsome fortification, Fort McHenry, defends 
the harbor, and figured conspicuously in both the 
war of 1812 and that of the secession. Among the 
chief boasts of the city, and the first objects of in- 
terest to the traveller, are 

TJie Monuments, so notable that they have given 
to Baltimore the soubriquet of the "Monumental 
City." The first in importance is the WasJdngton, 
in an elevated position on Mt. Vernon Place, at 
Charles and Monument streets — a base and shaft 
reaching 200 feet in height, with a statue surmount- 
ing all, of " Washington Resigning his Commission." 
(Accessible, and fine view from balcony at top.) 
Next in interest is the Battle, at Calvert and Fay- 
ette streets — a Eoman column, with emblematical 
sculptures, in honor of those who fell in defence of 
the city, in September 1814. The third, or Armis- 
teacl, in honor of the defender of Fort McHenry in 
1814, is merely a tablet, on North Calvert street, and 
only of interest in the patriotic connection. 

Of streets, the most important is Baltimore street, 
running east and west the whole length of the city, 
and really its Broadway or Regent street. Ilolliday, 
Calvert, Fayette, Lexington, Eutaiu, Madison, Park, 
Saratoga, North Charles, Mt. Vernon Place, Charles 
avenue, and other streets on the west side of Jones' 
Falls, are among the notable; and as centres of 
business, LomMrd, Caroline, BanJc, Gay, Ilighy 
Marlcet, Broadioay^ and other streets on the east 



166 SEOBT-TRIP QXIIBE, 

side, with those surrounding the City Dock (basin) 
and principal wharves, lying in that vicinity. Of 
Public Buildings, among the most notable are the 
Exchange^ Gay street, with noble dome; {Custom 
House and Post Office occupying part of the same 
building) ; the Maryland Institute, Baltimore streetj 
devoted to industrial exhibitions, fairs, &c., and a 
Market; the City Hall, Holliday street; County 
Court House, Monument square; U. S. Court 
House, Korth and Fayette streets ; Penitentiary and 
Prisons, Madison street ; Corn Excliange; Sonth 
street; the Shot Totuer, Front and Fayette streets; 
Of Churches, in Baltimore as in Philadelphia, the 
most imposing is the Catholic, the Cathedral, at 
Cathedral and Mulberry streets, being the finest ec- 
clesiastical edifice in the city, with impressive towers 
and dome ; one of the largest organs in the country; 
and two pictures of great value within, a " Descent 
from the Cross " and " St. Louis Burying His 
Dead," respectively the gifts of the French Kings 
Louis XYI. and Charles X. After this, in archi- 
tectural interest, come the Unitarian, North 
Charles and Franklin streets; the Presbyterian, 
Madison and Park streets; Grace (Epis.)? Monu- 
ment and Park streets ; St. PauVs, Charles street, 
and many others, the city being by no means defi- 
cient in this detail. 

Of Literary Institutions and their edifices, may be 
named the University of Maryland, with celebrated 
Medical Department, Green and Lombard streets; 



RO JJTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTHEEN. 167 

tlie Peabody Institute (founded by the late George 
Peabody), Charles and Monument streets ; St. 
Mary's College (Catholic), Franklin and Greene 
streets; Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore 
Library^ Mercantile Library., &c., rooms in the 
Atlieneum, Saratoga and St. Paul streets ; College of 
Loyola (Catholic), Madison and Calyert screets; 
College of Pharmacy, North Calvert street; &c. 
Principal Theatres: the HoUiday Street^ street of 
same name ; the Front Street, or American, Front 
street; Baltimore Museum, Broad and Calvert 
streets ; Grand Opera House (new) ; Concordia 
(German), South Eutaw street. Prominent Hotels: 
the Mt. Vernon, Carrollton, Barnum's, Eutavj, Gil- 
mour's, Fountain, and Maltby^s. 

Cemeteries of prominence: Green Moimt, Belyi- 
dere street and York avenue, with fine gateways 
and many handsome walks and monuments ; Lou- 
doun Parle, also with fine gateway, Frederick 
road ; Baltimore Cemetery, North Gay street ; 
Mount Olivet, Frederick road; Mount Carmel, 
Western, and other minor. Other Parks and Public 
Grounds: Druid Hill Parle, very large and 
handsome grounds, recently laid out, in the 
Northern suburbs [street-car from city centres] ; 
Patterson Parle, East Baltimore street, with re- 
mains of earthworks of war of 1812 ; City Spring 
Grounds, North Calyert street; Union Square, 
West Lombard street; Federal Hill, with Signal 



168 SHORT-TRIP G UIDE. 

House and one of the very best views of the city and 
harbor; Franldin Square, Fayette street; Jackson 
Square, Hampstead street ; etc. 

Favorite Excursions, among others, to 

Fo'H McHeriry and North Point, entrance of the 
harbor (before spoken of) ; to Franldin, the Con- 
vent, &c.,, by the Frederick road [favorite drive] ; to 
Govanstoiun, by the York road [drive] ; to Catons- 
ville and FlUcotfs Mills [horse-car] ; to Toivsontoiun 
(military barracks, &c.) [horse-car] ; to Bel- Air, 
Franhlinton, &c.] [stage-coach]. Down the Clies- 
apeahe Bay [boat, very fe-equent from harbor- 
wharves, during the warm season]. Longer Ex- 
cursions, among others, to 

Aisr]S"APOLis, Capital of the State of Maryland, 
and seat of the celebrated national Naval Academy. 
It lies on the little Kiver Severn, near Chesapeake 
Bay; has a history of interest, dating back to 1649 : 
was the spot where Genl. Washington resigned his 
commission at the close of the War of Independence ; 
and has, in addition to the other attractions named, 
an educational institution of prominence, St. John^s 
College, a State House, and much fine river and coast 
scenery in the neighborhood. [Reached from Bal- 
timore by the Baltimore and Washington road to 
Annapolis Junction, thence branch road direct.] 
Also, by daily boat on Chesapeake Bay, to 

Norfolk, Virginia, on the Elizabeth River, at the 
extreme southern point of Chesapeake Bay, and the 
second town in Virginia in point of population 



ROUTE NO.^.— WEaTEBN AND SOUTHERN. 1C9 

It has a fine harbor, with great depth of water; 
and is one of the greatest markets of wild-fowl 
(especially the celebrated *^ canvas-back " ducks 
of the Chesapeake), oysters, fruits and other 
supplies, to be found south of Philadelphia. Across 
the riyer from it are the Portsmouth JSlaval Be- 
potf formerly the most extensiye in the Union, but 
materially damaged by fire at the commencement 
of the secession war (1861), with the burning 
of the Pennsylvania, Merrimac and other war 
vessels, — and the Gosjiort Navy Yard, with Dry 
Docks of great size and cost. Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth harbor proper are defended by Fort Cal- 
houn and the works on Craney Island ; while the 
entrance from the sea is commanded by Fortress 
Monroe, the largest fortification in the United States, 
erected at Old Point Comfort (also place of favorite 
summer resort), on the opposite or north side of the 
wide mouth of the James River (Hampton Roads), 
directly north and some fourteen miles distant. In 
the latter neighborhood may also be visited, Eliza- 
ietli City and Hampton, more or less interestingly 
connected alike with the early history of Virginia 
and the secession troubles of 1861-5. May also be 
visited, from ]*^orfolk or Old Point Comfort [boat], 
the site and Ruins of Jamestown, place of first set- 
tlement in Virginia, and scene of the romantic epi- 
sode of Captain John Smith and Pocahontas. [From 
Baltimore to Richmond, every day during summer, 
by boat of the Baltimore Steam-Packet Company, in 
connection with the Atlantic Coast Line, — with fin© 



170 SEORT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Tiews througlioiit.] [Norfolk to Bichmond, by boat up 
tlie James Eiver ; or may be yisited from Richmond, 
by >same conveyance.] Also, by Baltimore and Ohio 
Sailroad (or by same road from Washington), 
through the Monocacy Yalley, along the Upper Po- 
tomac and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, to 

Point of Rochs (railway connection to Fred/erich, 
Md.) ; to Hagerstown Junctvon (railway connection 
to Hag-erstoivn ) ; and to 

Harpes's Feery, on the Upper Potomac, at the 
intersection with that stream of the Shenandoah, 
with mountain and river scenery of the first mag- 
nificence, and the additional interest of having been 
the site of an important U. S. Armory and Arsenal 
(destroyed by fire in April, 1861), and the spot 
where John Brown, of Ossawatomie, made his cele- 
brated raid and virtually commenced the conflict of 
the secession, in October, 1859. Maryland, Bolivar 
.and Loudoim Meiglits, and their fortifications, de- 
mand notice, as do a thousand natural beauties and 
warlike reminiscences certain to be suggested on 
the spot. 

From Harper's Ferry, route on the Baltimore and 
Ohio road may be pursued to 8ir Jokn^s Bun, with 
stage connection to Berkeley Springs ; to Cumber^ 
iland,mid. across one of the finest passes 'of the Ak 
legheny Mountains to Pittsburo and the West. 
Or, from Harper's Ferry rail may be taken down 
the Shenandoah Yalley, through the Valley of Vir- 
ginia, to Gharlestoion, Winchester, Straslurg, Har- 
risonI?urg and Staunton, with connections and de- 
tours of great interest (See Eoute 91). 



MO TJTE NO. 9. - WESTEBN AND SO JJl HEBN. 171 

Division C. 

BALTIMOKE TO WASHINGTON, BY BALTIMORE 
AND OHIO RAILROAD. 

[From New York and Pliiladelphia to Baltimore, 
see Eoiites 8 and 9, pp. 144 and 1G2.] 

Leave Baltimore by the Washington Branch of 
the B. and 0. Eoad, from Camden Station, by Carroll 
and Camden Junction, to 

Belay House and Belay Station. (First-class hotel 
and refreshment station, both owned and operated 
by the B. and O. Railroad Company, and somewhat 
noted for their excellence). Belay House and the 
vicinity were necessarily quite celebrated during the 
Secession War, the movements of troops over the 
lines of rail between the different sections, and espe^ 
cially between Baltimore and Annapolis, and Balti- 
more and Washington, throwing the central point 
into great prominence, and making the control of it 
no secondary consideration in the warlike arrange- 
ments of the period. At Relay House also diverges 
the alternate line, with branch to Frederick, joining 
the main line at Point of Rocks. 

Relay House by Eikridge, Hanover, Dorsey's and 
Jessup's to 

Annapolis Junction. [Connection to Annapolis, 
site of the Naval Academy, and the State capital of 
Maryland: see "Excursions from Baltimore," pre- 
ceding] ; thence by Savage, Laurel, Contees, Belts- 
\dlle, Paint Branch, &c., to 



171^ RO VTE NO. 9.— WESTBUN AND SO UTHERN. 

Bladensburgh. [Junction of brancli to Shepherd, 
on Potomac River, opposite Alexandria, and to Alex- 
andria, where connection is made witli steamboats 
for Fredericsburg, Eichmond, &c., by Acqtiia Creek 
and the Bichmond and Potomac R. R. Also, from 
Shepherd or from Alexandria, by the Washington 
City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern Railroad, 
passing Manassas Junction and the scene of the im- 
portant battle of Manassas, 1861, via Gordonsville, 
to Richmond, and any Southern connection that may 
be desired.] 

Bladensburgh, small town on the Eastern Branch 
of the Potomac, with a mineral-spring and some ce- 
lebrity as a healthful summer resort for "Washington 
residents and others near; but much more as the 
scene of the disgraceful defeat of the American by 
the British forces, in August, 1814, immediately pre- 
vious to the temporary occupation of the Capital — 
and also as the spot long famous as a duelling- 
ground for Congressional and other disputants. 
Very soon after leaving Bladensburg, is caught, 
what should by no means be lost, the 

First View of the Washington Capitol, scarcely 
second to the corresponding distant view of the 
dome of St. Peter's, in approaching Rome — the 
dome of the Capitol, since re-erection, being among 
the largest and finest in the world, and the first 
sight peculiarly impressive. But a little time and 
distance, following, before entering the somewhat 
straggling city, and disembarking at the foot of 
Capitol Hill — Washington. 



SEORT-TBIP aUIDE, 1715 



Division D. 

BALTIMOUE TO WASHINGTON, BY THE BALTIMORE 
AND POTOMAC RAILROAD. 

[From New York and PMIadelpliia to Baltimore, 
see Routes 8 and 9, pp. 144 and 162.J 

Leave Baltimore, from Union Depot, by Lafayette, 
Winans', Stony Run, Severn, Odenton [connection to 
Annapolis, by Annapolis and Elk Ridge R. R.], Pa- 
tnxent, Bowie, [connection with branch to Pope's 
Creek, on the Potomac, whence may be conveniently 
reached. Port Tobacco and other places of that sec- 
tion — a part of it somewhat notable for events con- 
nected with the escape of John Wilkes Booth from 
Washington, after the kilKng of President Lincoln,] 
Seabrook, Wilson's, Benning's, then WashiDgton. 

Entering Washington by this route, one of the first 
objects of interest is the Navy Yard, with which a 
station of the road is connected. [See, for Navy 
Yard, p. 181.] 

[From Washington, the Baltimore and Potomac 
Railroad continues, crossing by fine new Bridge over 
the Potomac (affording view of the White House, 
the Treasury Buildings, and many other objects of 
interest), to Alexandria, affording connection with 
the Alexandria and Fredericsburg R.R. for Quantico, 
Fredericsburg, Richmond and the South.] 



Division E. 

AT AND ABOUT WASHINGTON, WITH EXCURSIONa 

WASHiNGToiirj capital city of the United States of 
America, and on many accounts specially interest-* 
ing, as bearing the name of the Great Soldier and 
Patriot, as having been selected by him as the seat 
of Government, as having been the scene of all the 
central legislation of the country and many of its 
other historical events, and as possessing a location 
with many marked advantages and certain equally 
marked disadvantages almost counterbalancing the 
favorable, — lies in the District of Columbia, on tbe 
north bank of the Potomac River, at some 70 miles 
from the embouchure of that river into Chesapeake 
Bay, and about 80 miles directly westward from the 
nearest shore of that Bay, at a little southward of 
Annapolis. In its selection, undoubtedly the first 
object held in view was to secure the nearest pos- 
sible approach to centrality between the North and 
the South, that between the East and the West, 
now grown so important, not being at all cal- 
culated. It supplies a geographical meridian of 
importance: Lat. 38^ 53' 39" N. ; Long. 77^ 2' 48" 
from Greenwich ; and lies in a direct line about 
120 miles south-west from Philadelphia, and about 
200 in a corresponding direction from New York, 
It dates, as the Capital, " from the removal from 
Philadelphia, about 1800, though the corner stone 
of the Capitol was laid in 1793. The city, as a mu- 
nicipality, dates from nearly the same time — is large 



no TTTE NO. 9. -WESTEItNAND SO XTIHEBN. 173 

in extent^ and by no means compact in its character; 
that fact having given rise, many years ago, to the 
irreverent soubriquet: the "City of Magnificent 
Distances." 

Among the undeniable advantages of Washing- 
ton, before referred to, are its picturesque location, 
with elevations and fine views at two points, — those 
of the Capitol, at the south-eastern end of (main) 
Pennsylvania Avenue, and the President's House 
and principal Government Buildings, at the north- 
western end; its ease of access from the sea, and ac- 
cessibility by railway from various important points ; 
its moderate climate in winter, principal season of 
legislative assemblage; and its proximate centrality, 
as between North and South, Among the disad- 
vantages may be named the doubtful healthiness of 
some portions (including the Executive Mansion) in 
summer; and its entire want of centrality towards 
the limited East and the widely-extended West— the 
latter feature having given rise to much dissatisfac- 
tion, of late years, and some efforts at effecting the 
removal of the seat of government to some one of 
the Western cities— ^St. Louis being oftenest named. 
The governmental conveniences now existing on this 
spot, however, and the late completion of the en- 
larged Capitol, render it entirely improbable that 
any such removal will take place within the present 
century, and leave Washington to be ^dsited and 
considered as the permanent capital of the United 
States, 



174 SEOBT-TBIP GUWK 

Of course first among iis attractions, to tiie tour' 
ist, at -whatever season, ■will be found 

The CapitoLj, standing on Capitol Hill, fronting 
east and west, and occupying the same site as the 
original, founded by "Washington and burned by the 
British in 1814, when the Congressional Library, 
many valuable pietures, the President's House and 
other buildings, shared the same fate. The present 
structure, undeniably one of the noblest government 
buildings in the world, and with many grand and 
beautiful details in architecture, is an enlargement 
of that which replaced the burned building, and has 
consequently the blemish of showing some incon- 
gruity in materials and " afterthought" in design. It 
is immense in extent, however, the entire length being 
some 750 feet, with a wing depth of 300 and a body 
depth of 200 ; and the whole space of ground covered 
is said to be three and a half acres. Handsome 
grounds surround the Capitol, with fine shade trees 
and some good landscape gardening; and from these 
grounds, below either front, and from the two fronts 
themselves, remarkably fine views may be obtained. 

The East Front, (main) has an immense colon- 
nade and portico, with Persico's statues of Colum- 
bus, of Washington, allegorical figures of Peace and 
War, Greenough's " Civilization," etc., on the portico 
and in the grounds adjoining; and it is here that 
the inauguration ceremonies of each incoming 
President take place, the auditory filling the portico 
and the grounds below. The West Front, less elabo- 



RO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO TTIHERN. 175 

rate, has the yiew down Pennsylvania Avenue and 
over the city. The next most prominent feature, 
and perhaps the most notable of all, is 

The DoTtve, before spoken of as among the noblest 
in the vp'orld. It surmounts the center of the pile, 
rising to a height of nearly 400 feet, crowned with 
a colossal statue of Freedom, by Crawford ; and is 
ascended from within, by a spiral stairway, for the 
extensive and magnificent view of "Washington, the 
Potomac, the near portions of the District, of Vir- 
ginia, Maryland, etc. In the Botunda, immediately 
under the dome, are to be seen the eight large his- 
torical pictures, " Discovery of the Mississippi," 
"Baptism of Pocahontas," " Declaration of Indepen- 
dence," " Surrender of Burgoyne," " Surrender of 
Cornwallis," "Washington Resigning his Commis- 
sion," and "Landing of Columbus." The Eotunda 
has also a " Massacre of the Innocents," portraits of 
Lincoln and others, some interesting historical bas- 
reliefs, etc. The Canopy, surmounting, is elaborately 
painted in fresco, by Brumidi, and contains an im- 
mense number of allegorical and historical figures. 
Naturally the next objects of interest will be the 

Senate and Representative Chambers, the former 
situated in the north wing (or " extension " — new 
part of the building) and the latter in the south 
wing. They are both large, with good accommoda- 
tion for spectators (in the Strangers' Galleries), elab- 
orately finished, lighted from above by hidden gas- 
burners through ground glass, and extremely well 



17a SEORT-TRIP GtriDE. 

ventilated, but witli their impressiveness materially 
marred by the low, flat ceilings. Both are reached 
by elaborate and costly stairways, really among the 
most notable features in the building ; and it may 
be said of both that, with whatever faults of con- 
struction, they are among the best of their class, in 
the world. Next in interest is to be visited the 

Supreme Court Boom, a large semi-circular apart- 
ment in the north wing, with busts of former 
Chief-Justices Jay, Kutledge, Ellsworth and Mar- 
shall; and beneath it the Old Supreme Court Room, 
now the Law Library, with a fine collection of books 
in the higher branches of jurisprudence, and some 
peculiarities in the architecture of the room, com- 
manding surprised attention. The 

Library of Congress, with some 90,000 to 100,000 
volumes (now accumulating very rapidly, as copies 
of ail works published in America must be deposit- 
ed there, to secure copy-rights — ^^as in the British 
Museum), and an immense number of valuable doc- 
uments and manuscripts,— is in the western portion 
of the main building, and shows fi.re-proof book- 
cases and all appliances to guard against the recur- 
rence of fire, which has twice destroyed previous col- 
lections (1814 — war ; and 1851, accidental.) But 
perhaps quite as interesting as any of the apart- 
ments named, is the 

Old Hall of Representatives, in the south wing of 
the center building, semi-circular, with panelled 
ceiling and cuj^olaj row of splendid columns in Yir- 



EO UTE J^O, ^.— WESTERN AND SO UTHEBN. 177 

ginia gi*e6n-stone ; and containing, among other 
objects of interest and value, Vanderlyn's " Wash- 
iugton," a full-lengtli of Lafayette, Franzoni's statue 
of History, statues and busts of Washington, Kos- 
ciusko, Lincoln, Johnson, &c. Here, also, have 
spoken nearly all the great legislators of America 
in the past, making the place historically memora- 
ble. Opening from this into the corridor, may be 
seen the 

Bronze Columbus Door, modelled by Eogers and 
cast at Munich (where the model remains), repre- 
senting various scenes in the life and death of the 
discoverer, and considered among the best of con- 
temporary works. 

Many other apartments of interest may be visited 
in the Capitol, among them the President's and Yice- 
President's Rooms, the Speaker.'s, Senators', Eecep- 
tion, &c., and some of the Committee Rooms, in 
the latter of which will be found displayed quite as 
much luxury (not always in the best taste) as can 
be found in any other portion of the structure. 

[Admission to the Capitol, and access to most of 
its rooms, every week-day, 10 to 3. Congress gen- 
erally in session from early December to 4th March, 
in the years with odd numbers ; in those with even 
numbers, (as 1876) the sessions often continuing far 
into the summer, and even later. Admission to the 
Congressional Sessions, without card, and only 
limited by the capacity of the large galleries. In 
connection it may be well to say that the same 



178 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

hours (10 to 3) and the same freedom from routine 
or special application, apply to most of the Depart- 
ment buildings at Washington.] 

Next in importance to the traveler, of the build- 
ings of Washington, is the 

President's House (familiarly known as the 
"White House," especially in political parlance), 
situated on the high ground at the opposite or 
north-western extremity of (main) Pennsylvania 
Avenue (principal drive and fashionable promenade 
of the city). It is of white stone, as its name indi- 
cates, has a colonnaded front, but little architectural 
merit, stands near the Potomac, and commands a 
fine view of that river and the opposite shore. It 
contains some handsome and well-appointed rooms, 
the East Boom being the most notable ; but the lo- 
cation is not considered healthy in summer, and th3 
Presidential family does not often steadily occupy ifc 
throughout that season. [Calls, without ceremonial 
or previous introduction, are generally received by 
the President every week-day, 10 to 1, except those 
devoted to Cabinet meetings or other special ap- 
pointments. No court-dress necessary or proper. 
Levees, during the Congressional Season, fortnight- 
ly; and weekly receptions, generally on Saturday 
mornings, by the Lady of the White House, with 
the President present.] 

The Patent Office, after those named, is un- 
doubtedly the most interesting place of visit in 
Washington, for its massive architecture and on ac- 



BO UTE NO. 9.— WESTEUN AND SO UTEEBN. 179 

count of its extraordinary collection of mechanical 
and labor-saving implementSj in wliicli it has no 
equal in any country. It is located on F street 
(many of the "Washington streets being thus desig- 
nated by letters) between Seventh and Ninth 
streets. The Model Room, occupying one entire 
floor, is divided into four halls, of which the East 
Hall is occupied by practical models ; the West 
Hall by rejected ones; the South Hall (with hand- 
some frescoed ceilings) by personal effects of Wash- 
ington, other Revolutionary relics, (sword of Wash- 
ington and cane of Franklin, among others) medals 
and Treaties with, and presents from foreign powers, 
Powers' Statue of Washington, &c., forming a 
unique, most valuable and interesting collection. 
Near the Patent Office is to be visited the 

General Post Office, an imposing Corinthian struc- 
ture, with the internal arrangements commanding a 
certain degree of attention, and some valuable re- 
cords of Franklin. Also, the City Post Office, in 
same building. " The 

Stale, War and Navy Departments have buildings 
near each other and near the President's House, on 
Pennsylvania Avenue. Little of interest is to be 
found in either, except the Library of the State 
Department, and the Collection of Eelics of the 
War and Navy. Of much more importance to the 
visitor is the 

Treasury Department Building, on Fifth street, 
immense in size and of some architectural merit; 



180 BEOBT-TMIP QUIDE. 

wliile tlie details of Paper Money Printing [admis- 
sion "by order from the Secretary of the Treasury — 
easily obtained], carried on in the upper and lower 
portions of the structure, are worthy of close atten- 
tion from their extent and completeness. The 

Smithsonian Institute (founded by the late James 
SmithsoD, Esq., of England), stands in extensive and 
highly ornamented grounds, called the Mall, west of 
the Capitol, and south-east of the President's 
House. It is of large extent, built of red sand- 
stone, Norman in architecture, and has nine towers, 
of irregular heights. It contains an immense libra- 
ry-room, picture-gallery, lecture-room, laboratory, 
etc., and is already doing a noble work in the ad- 
vancement of science. At no considerable distance 
from this, stands the 

Washington Monument, intended to be one of the 
largest in the world, but thus far simply one of the 
largest failures, the funds to complete it from its 
present height of 170 feet to the contemplated 600, 
not being forthcoming. It is at present no monu- 
ment, but a curiosity. The 

National Observatory stands on Western Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue, half way between the President's 
House and Georgetown. It has a large transit and 
some other fine instruments, astronomical library, 
clock, etc. 

The Public Grounds of WasLington are princi- 
pally comprised in the Mall, on the banks of the 
Potomac, at and near the Smithsonian Institute; 



BO UTE WO. 9.— WESTEBN AKD SO VTHERN. 181 

the Capitol' Grounds, before spoken of; and Laf'tu^ 
elfe Square, near the President's House (with Clark 
Mills' equestrian statue of Jackson). Principal 
Churches: the Epiphany^ (Epis.) G. Street, near 
Thirteenth; Trinity (Epis.) Third street; St. Johns 
(Epis.) Lafayette Square; Presbyterian, Eour-and- 
a-half Street; St. Aloysius (Cath,) near the Capitol; 
Foundry church, (Meth. Epis.) Fourteenth street. 
Principal Theatres: the New NalioriQl and Wall's 
Ofera House. [Ford's Theatre, once a favorite, 
and the scene of the assassination of President 
Lincoln, April, 1865, is to be seen as a curiosity, 
but has never since been opened as a place of 
amusement). Public Hall : Lincoln Hall. Promi- 
nent Hotels: the Arlington; St. Cloud; Howard; 
St. James'; Willard\ 

Suburban and other excursions from Washington, 
will include those to the Soldiers* Home (Military 
Asylum), three miles north of the city, and favorite 
resort of Presidential families in summer; the Arse" 
nal, Greenleaf s Point, junction of Eastern Branch 
and Potomac, with interesting collection of ord- 
nance. To the 

Navy Yard, with ship-houses, an armory, etc., on 
the Eastern Branch, short walk seuth-east of the 
Capitol. To the 

Congregational Cemetery^ lyiiig on the Eastern 
Branch, north-east of the Capitol, with many scores 
of monuments to Members of Congress wb o have 
died at "Washingtouj and specially notable monU' 



183 8E0RT-TRIP GUIDE. 

ments of interest, to WiUiam "Wirt, George Clinton, 
Elbridge Gerry, and others; also Glenwood, rival 
cemetery of much beauty, lying north of the Capi- 
tol. To the 

Lo7iff Bridge, crossing the Potomac to the Vir- 
ginia shore, from near the Mall, to Alexander's 
Island, and computed to have carried over half a 
million of troops during the war of the secession. 
To 

Geoegetown, a handsome suburb, lying at the 
"West, beyond Rock Creek, with fine view from the 
Heights, and much interest in the Aqueduct, carry- 
ing the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Poto- 
mac; also, Georgetown College (Jesuit), at the west 
end of the town, with library, museum, observatory, 
etc.; the Convent of the Visitation, Fayette street; 
Asylum for Children ; Oak Hill Cemetery (with 
handsome Chapel, fine monument to M. Bodisco, 
etc.) To 

Arlington Souse, former mansion of George 
Washington Parke Custis, stepson of Washington 
and later of General Robert E. Lee, of the Confed- 
erate service, but the property since occupied as a 
Freedman's Village, and most of the rare Washing- 
ton and other relics carried away, though the place 
must always retain a certain historical interest. To 

Little and Great Falls, of the Potomac, above 
Georgetown, with handsome scenery, and specially 
fine fishing. [All the last named places are most 
conveniently reached by carriage.] To 



RO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTHERm 18S 

Alexandkia, old town of Virginia, on the West- 
ern side of the Potomac, seven miles below Wash- 
ington — once of heavy commercial importance, but 
now decayed. It has interesting historical reminis- 
cences, in the fact that Gen. Braddock's unfortu- 
nate expedition to Fort Duquesne, which brought 
Col. Washington to notice, was fitted out here; also 
in his pew in Christ Church, still preserved, and 
other relics of the Father of his Country. It has a 
later and melancholy interest as the spot (at the 
Marshall House) where Col. Ellsworth, the Zouave, 
and his slayer, Jackson, were both shot, in May, 
18G1. It has also a Museum, Court House, Theolog- 
ical Seminary, etc. [Beached from Washington by 
special boat here and to Mount Vernon; or by regu- 
lar daily boat on way to Acquia Creek, Fortress 
Monroe, and Richmond. Also, by rail or road. 
Railway connection, north to Washington; south 
to Acquia Creek, Richmond, etc. ; northwest to 
Leesburg, Haeper's Ferey, Chamber sburg, etc. ; 
west and southwest (through a succession of the 
early battle-fields of the secession war), to Fairfax 
Court House, Manassas Junction (battle-field of 
Bull Run in immediate neighborhood) connection 
northwestward to Strasburg, Winchester, etc.). War- 
renton Junction (for Warrenton), Culpepper, Orange 
Court House, Gordonsville, Charlottesville (seat 
<)f the University of Virginia, and with "Monti- 
cello," home of Thomas Jefferson, lying near), Sum- 
mit, and other stations, to 



184 SMOMT-TMIP GVIJDK 

Staunton, principal depot of the Chesapeake and 
Ohio road (connection northward to Harrisonbnrg 
and to Harper's Ferry); to Goshen (near connec- 
tions to Bockbridge Alunij Bath Alum, Jordan 
Alum and other Springs; and by stage to Rock- 
bridge Baths, Lexington, the Natural Bridge, &c.); 
to Covington; through the Alleghenies to White SuU 
phur Springs, (see, for all these connections, Route 
9J); to Huntington, on the Ohio River, terminus 
of the Chesapeake and Ohio road, &c.] 

Of course the most interesting of all excursions 
from Washington will be that to 

Mount Yeknok, old residence and burial place 
of "Washington, lying on the west bank of the Poto- 
mac, eight miles below Alexandria. It is, to Amer- 
icans, unquestionably the most sacred of places on 
the continent, and only less interesting to those 
from other lands. Though somewhat decayed, the 
House (now the property of the Nation, through 
the labors of Edward Everett and the ladies of the 
*' Ladies' Mount Vernon Association"), commands a 
beautiful view of the river, is in fair preserva- 
tion, and contains many valuable relics, among 
others, pictures and furniture of Washington, the 
Key of the Bastille, presented to him by Lafayette, 
etc. The Tomb, of brick, stands near the house, 
under heavy shade, with an open grated doorway 
through which the sarcophagi of Washington and 
his wife are seen; with other tombs of the family 
visible without; the archway of the tomb bearing 
the simple inscription; "Within this enclosure rest 



no TTTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTEEUN. 185 

the remains of General George Washington." Kot 
far distant is the original Tomb^ now crumbling to 
dust. [Reached from Washington by boat ; or by 
boat to Alexandria, and drive, or by drive. If by 
boatj with view of and stop at old Fori Washington, 
once a fortification of some consequence, on the 
eastern side of the Potomac, between Alexandria 
and Mount Vernon.] 

Other Excursions from "Washington, those to 
JBuU Bun, scene of the first important battle of the 
secession [reached from Alexandria, by Manassas 
Junction], and other fields of the late conflict. Also, 
nearly the same, in different directions, with obvious 
variation of railway routes, as those from Baltimore 
=— see close of Division B, this route. 

Division F. 

WASHINGTON, TO AND AT EICHMOND, VA. 

Leave Washington by morning boat on the Poto- 
mac river, to Alexandria, Ya., on the right, [See pre- 
vious Division] ; thence by Fort Washington, on the 
left [See same], and Mount Vernon, on the right 
[See same] ; or, by rail from Washington to 

Acquia Greeh, small village deriving its only im- 
portance from this transit, at the junction of the 
Creek of that name with the Potomac. Thence rail, 
on the Richmond, Frederiesburg and Potomac road, 
to 

Feedericsburg, on the right bank of Rappahan- 



180 SnORT-THIP GUIDE. 

nock River — old town of importance in early Virgi- 
nia history, and especially notable from tlie fact that 
Geoege Washington was born in the immediate 
neighborhood. This event, so important to the 
Western World, and indeed to all mankind, took 
place upon what has long been known as the Wake- 
field Estate, at an inconsiderable distance from the 
town, within the limits of Westmoreland county ; 
and though the birth-place has long been destroyed, 
the spot is commemorated by a stone slab erected 
there by George W. P. Custis, step-son of Washing- 
ton, in 1815, and bearing the brief inscription ; 
''Here, the 11th of February, (0. S.) 1732, George 
Washington was Born." The mother of Washington 
resided, late in life, at Fredericsburg, and died and 
was buried there; her monument, in the outskirts of 
the town, inaugurated by President Jackson in 1833, 
still shamefully remaining unfinished. The house is 
still pointed out, at the corner of Lewis and Charles 
streets, where she saw her distinguished son for the 
last time. Fredericsburg has also a later celebrity, 
as the scene, and in the neighborhood, of a consider- 
able amount of the fighting of the secession war, in 
1862, '63, and later; and the country in the vicinity 
has by no means recovered from the devastation of 
those conflicts. Fredericsburg, by Milford, Chester, 

Sexton's Junction [connection westward, by Ches- 
apeake and Ohio Railroad, to Gordonsville, Staunton, 
and White Sulphur Springs,] to 

Richmond, on the James River, capital of the 



RO UTB NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN. 187 

State of Virginia, and ever memorable as the later 
seat of the Confederate Government, and the object 
of an investiture and siege by the United States 
forces, that seemed literally hopeless and intermin- 
able. It lies on the left or north bank of the James, 
at the Lower Falls, or end of that series of rapids ex- 
tending six miles above and supplying the city with 
the needed water-power for its many flour-mills, to- 
bacco and other manufactories. The most conspic- 
uous object in the city, from the height of its posi- 
tion as well as from other causes, is 

The Capitol, located on Shockoe Hill, a considera- 
ble elevation, and thus looking down upon the major 
portion of the city. It is G-reek in the character of 
its architecture, with porticos, and a tall, narrow 
dome, and is generally impressive in effecty though 
the details are by no means faultless. It stands in a 
public square elevated as above named,, and com- 
mands a fine view, especially from the portico or 
dome, over the James River, its islands, and a wide 
stretch of country. Internally, there is not much of 
interest in the legislative halls; the principal at- 
traction centeriog in the splendid marble statue of 
Washington, by Houdon, considered the best extant, 
standing in the central hall, under the dome — and 
in the historical reminiscences, now so varied, inevi- 
tably clustering round the principal place of direo- 
tion o^ the short-lived Confederacy. 

Other Principal Buildings, worth visit: Richmond 
and St, Vincent Colleges; the City Hall, Custom 



188 BHOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 

House and Fenitentiary ; and, as special objects of 
interest connected with the war, Castle Thunder and 
the Lihhy Prison. Also may be Tisited with profit, 
some of the many Flouring Mills, in which some of 
the best wheat in the world is prepared. Leading 
Churches: St. John'§ and the Monumental, with 
many others only less interestiDg. Other objects of 
interest :. the old Lines of Fortification defending the 
city during the siege; the Rapids (or Falls of the 
James); the entrance of the James River and- 
Kanawha Canal, etc. Leading Hotel: the Ballard. 

[Principal railway connections from Eichmond: 
northward, by routes Just traversed, to "Washington, 
etc. ; eastward to the White House and Chesapealse 
Bay; southward, by Petersburg and Weldon road, 
to Weldon and Wilmington (N. C); westward, by 
Sexton's Junction and Gordonsville, to Charlottes' 
ville, Staunton, Covington, White Sulphur Springs, 
&G,; south-westward, by Richmond and Danville 
road, to Greensboro (N. C); and Golumhia and 
Charleston (S. C); also south-westward, by South 
Side and Tennessee roads (by Burkeville Junction) 
to Lynchburg^ and across the AUeghenies to Knox-' 
ville (Tenn.), and other places in extreme south and 
west. (See routes f ollowingv)] 



noun No. ^h-spEO/AL virqinian tour.'' 

BALTIMORE OR "WASHINGTON TO PRINCIPAL VIR- 
GINIA SPRINGS, NATURAL CURIOSITIES 
AND MOUNTAINS, AND TO LYNCH- 
BURG AND RICHMOND. 

Divisvon A, 

SY harper's ferry TO BERKELEY SPRINGS^ 

Leave Baltimore or Washington by Baltimore and 
Ohio railroadj along the Upper Potomac and the 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal^ with burned bridges 
and other traces of the late secession war, through 
Monocacy Talley to 

Point nf Bocks, commencement of the rough di- 
vision made by the Potomac River between the 
States of Maryland and Virginia (railway con* 
nection northward to Frederick) ; to Sagerstown 
Junction (railway connection northward to MagerS" 
town); to 

" Tickets, information, and all facilities for tins tour, are supplied 
by Messrs. CooK, Son & Jenkins, 261 Broadway, New York, one of the 
me-mbers of wbioli iirnl has deservea the thanks of traTclors by his 
efforts for better opening Virginia to tourists, and calling closer and 
%vider attention to the noble scenery of the section^ 



189a SHORT- TMIP OUIDM. 

Harper's Ferry, at the intersection of the TTpper 
Potomac with the Shenandoah, and considered one 
of the most picturesque passes in Ameriea, as well 
as a point of much importance in late history. (See 
Koute 9, Division B, p. 170.) Among its objects of 
special interest are the ruins of the U. S. Arsenal ; 
Maryland, 'Loudoun, and other heights, through 
which the Potomac makes its grand passage ; the 
very fine iron bridge over the river, &c. At this 
point the railroad, which has before followed the 
Maryland shore, crosses to that of Virginia, and 
continues for some distance within sight of the Po- 
tomac. The next station of importance is that of 

Ilartinsburg, famous during the war for conflict- 
ing loyalty and rebelliousness, and the home of the 
ultra-Southern heroine, Belle Boyd: now a thriving 
town, with railway-shops, the county Fair-Grounds, 
and a rough but picturesque location. By minor 
stations to 

Sir John's Bun, on the Potomac, spot of one of the 
encampments of General Braddock, on the way to 
his disastrous defeat at Fort Daquesne, and named 
for Sir John Sinclair, commander of his vanguard. 
Also noted for the experiments of Kumsey, who here 
constructed one of the earliest steamboats. 

[Beyond Sir John's Bun, for Gumberland, Pitts- 
EURG and the "West, continue by the Baltimore and 
Ohio road, crossing the AUeghenies, through scenery 
of marked magnificence. See "Route 9|,."] 

At Sir John's Eun, for the purposes of this tour, 



SPECIAL VIRGIWIAir TOUR. 189& 

stage is taken, through very fine mountain scenery, 
for a short ride to 

Berkeley Speings, one of the oldest and most 
noted of the Virginia watering-places, at which Gen. 
Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other great men 
of the past had summer residences, and sought 
health and relaxation. The Springs lie in a pleasant 
Talley, hemmed in by mountains, and are alleged to 
possess a specially breezy atmosphere, at all seasons; 
and the waters, merely tepid, have a high repute for 
bathing. The place has a certain additional cele- 
brity, as the residence of " Porte Crayon'' (G-en. D. 
H. Strother), the well-known illustrator of Virginia 
scenery. Principal Hotel: the Pavilion, with fine 
grounds and Baths of great completeness. 

Eeturn from Berkeley Springs to Sir John's Run 
and to Harper's Ferry, for pursuance of this tour; 
changing cars at Harper's Ferry to Winchester and 
Potomac road. 

Division B. 

hakper's ferry to and at weyer's cave. 

Leave Harper's Ferry by the Winchester and 
Potomac road, down the Shenandoah Valley, with 
shallow river on the left, and many marks of the de- 
struction wrought in the Valley, by fire and other- 
wise, during the secession war. Through a very 
fine agricultural country, opening what is more 
generally called the " Valley of Virginia." Half an 
hour from Harper's Ferry brings 



ISde SHOHT-TBIP GVIBB. 

Charlestown, a village of little prominence, but 
always notable, henceforth, as the place where John 
Brown, of Osawattomie, was tried and executed, for 
his armed invasion of the State, at Harper's Ferry. 
The spot where Brown was hung is visible in a high 
field, at the left of the road, shortly after passing 
through the main village. Continuing through a 
very rich agricultural country, something less than 
one hour brings 

Wmcheaiei', thriving town of the Yalley, with the 
Ice Mountain, where blocks of ice are said to be 
found all the year round; the Capon Springs, the 
Hanging Rocks, and other natural curiosities, with- 
in easy reach — and having now a peculiar historic 
and romantic interest, as the spot of an important 
conflict and the place of termination of T. Bucha- 
nan Read's celebrated poem, "Sheridan's Ride»"^ 
During all this ride down the Yalley of Yirginia, 
grand mountain scenery accompanies, at a distance, 
the Blue Ridge at the East and the North Moun- 
tain range at the "West, seeming to shut the whole 
Yalley away from the world. Also, many ravines, 
and high bridges add picturesqueness to the journey. 
At 

Strasburg Junction connection is made with the 
Washington City, Yirginia Midland and Great 
Southern railroad, from and to Manassas Junction, 
Washington, Alexandria, &c. Passing Woodstock, 
Mount Jackson, and other stations, and Newmarket 
(stage connection for Qordonsville), is reached. 



SPEGJLAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. imd 

Harrisonburg, former end of rail in this direct ion, 
now stopping-place of a certain interest. Hotel, 
Effinger's. Rail may be continued to. Staunton ; or, 
at Harrisburg or "Weyer's Cave Station, a few miles 
beyond, stage-coach or private carriage may be 
taken for the ride, through a moderately broken 
country, to 

Weyer's Cave, one of the most remarkable and 
beautiful subterranean passages in the world, and 
considered more varied in its spectacles than the 
Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, though much smaller. 
It Ues on one of the branches of the Shenandoah, a 
few miles west of the Blue E-idge, and has been prin- 
cipally made known to the world (though known 
since 1804), by-" Porte Crayon," in his "Virginia 
Illustrated." For any adequate impression of this 
cave, its many chambers, great extent, wonderful 
variety, and the singular character of its stalactites 
and stalagmites, dependance must be entirely placed 
upon personal observation, the guide (always in 
readiness), and the local hand-book cheaply sup- 
plied. The visitor should be advised, howGver, 

(1) that he is undoubtedly visiting one of the 
most notable subterranean marvels in any land ; 

(2) that a considerable amount of fatigue is in- 
volved in any thorough exploration ; but that (3) 
no danger whatever is incurred, if the guide's di- 
rections are obeyed ; though (4) fine clothing is 
apt to become a trifle smirched, and ladies' long 
dresses are out of place ; and (5) night is con- 



189^ SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

sidered a better time for the •visit than day, as 
the eyes are not subjected to such Changes between 
the world outside the cave and the torchlight realm 
within it. Hotel (and place for procuring guide), 
Mohler^s Weyer's Cave Hotel. In the vicinity of 
Weyer's Cave are Madison's Cave (described by Thos. 
Jefferson in "Notes on Virginia"), Fountain Cave, 
and others minor but interesting to those making 
longer sojourns. 

From Weyer's Cave, return by stage-coach or car- 
riage to connection with the rail between Harris- 
onburg and Staunton, at "Weyer's Cave Station, 
thence by rail to Staunton ; or, to Mount Sidney, 
and continue by carriage (turnpike, and fine drive), 
to Staunton. 

Division G. 

AT STAUNTON, AND TO THE WHITE SULPHUR 
SPRINGS. 

Staunton, thriving town of considerable age, 
county town of Augusta County, noted for its Col- 
legiate Schools, and seat of two State institutions of 
consequence — the Hospital for the Insane, and the 
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, — 
has lately sprung into increased prominence as the 
head-quarters of the jast-completed Chesapeake and 
Ohio railroad, extending from Chesapeake Bay to 
the Ohio River. It has also additional importance 



SPECIAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. 180/ 

as a place of rendezvous for tourists to the various 
springs and natural curiosities adjacent. Principal 
hotel : the American. [Railway connections, east 
to Charlottesville, Eichmond, Norfolk, &c.; west by 
route about to be traversed ; south by stage (rail in 
contemplation) to Bonsack's, and the Virginia and 
Tennessee road, for the south-west.] 

From Staunton, for pursuance of this route — by 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, by 

Goshen, village with important connections to 
many of the more important Sp*riugs, the Natural 
Bridge, &c., (hereafter to be noted); at this point 
the scenery along the road commencing and con- 
tinuing to be singularly wild and grand, ranking 
among the best of its class in America — all the dis- 
tance through and from the North Mountain chain, 
to and through the Alleghenies. Among the most 
prominent points to be noted, are the rocky pass of 
Panther Gap, the huge bulk of Griffith's Knob, 
and the picturesque mouth of the Cow Pasture 
River. At 

Millhoro is the point of leaving the rail by coach 
for the Warm Springs, and the "Warm Spring Moun- 
tain, long celebrated for grandeur of view. Pursu- 
ing route by the rail, however, is passed the grand 
scenery of Clifton Forge, with the wild entrance of 
Jackson's River ; and not far beyond is reached 

Covington, mere railway hamlet ; beyond which 
point the scenery is even wilder than before, with 
the great Clay Cut, the tremendous embankment 



189^ SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

of Jerry's Run, and two immense Tunnels — the 
second and longest through one of the mountains 
of the main Allegheny ridge ; shortly after which 
are reached 

White Sulphur Springs (station, and place of pop- 
ular resort). 

[Beyond the "White Sulphur Springs, for those 
going west, rail is continued, by Gauley Bridge, 
Charleston, BarhoursvilUj &c., to Huntington and the 
Ohio Eiver. ] The 

White Sulphur Springs (hotel and grounds) lie 
very near the station. The grounds are very ex- 
tensive, and well laid out ; and the hotel building, 
taking name from the Springs, is large and commo- 
dious, though old (having entertained the flower' of 
Southern aristocracy through the summers of more 
than half a century), while nearly one hundred cot- 
tages, in " Rows," circling the grounds, afford favor- 
ite accommodation. The waters of the Springs are 
strongly sulphuric, as the name indicates, and are 
held to be a specific in many diseases ; though no 
doubt the principal attraction of the place is, after 
all, compounded of fashion and the fine surround- 
ing scenery. 



SPECIAL VIBGimAN TOUR. 489A 

Division D. 

TO LEXINGTON, THE NATURAL BRIDGE, LYNCHBURG 
AND RICHMOND. 

ReturD, from the White Sulphur Springs, by Ches- 
apeake and Ohio road, by Covington, &c., to 

Goshen, before named in proceeding westward- 
important as being the center or point of departure 
for many places of popular resort. [Among others 
reached from Goshen by coach, are the Gold White 
Sulphur Springs, 2 miles ; the Rochhridge Alum 
Springs, 8 miles; and the Jordan Alum Springs, 8 
miles; besides others embraced in the tour follow- 
ing.] 

Leave Goshen, by stage coach, through the very 
wild and picturesque Goshen Pass, along the I^orth 
Fork of the James River, to 

Rockbridge Baths, popular place of summer resort, 
beside the North Fork of the James, and with 
iodine and magnesia waters, said to be of the first 
excellence. Hotel: the Rockbridge Baths. 

From Rockbridge Baths, continue by stage-coach 
to 

Lexington, important town and tourist center, 
seat of the Virginia Military Institute, and of Wash- 
ington and Lee University, and with the tombs 
of Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson 
commanding attention. Has also, at the University, 
an Astronomical Observatory of note, founded by 
McCormick, inventor of the Reaper^ a native of 



189^ SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. 

this county (Rockbridge). Leading Hotel: tlie Na- 
tional. 

[From Lexington, by stage or private carriage, 
excursion may be made to the Peaks of Otter, moun- 
tains of peculiar beauty, southward; or stage may be 
taken to Bonsack's, and connection made with the 
Virginia and Tennessee road.] 

From Lexington, by stage or carriage, to the 
Natukal Bridge, first curiosity of Virginia, and 
one of the grandest in the world. It crosses, in 
a natural arch of som« ninety feet, and with a 
height of over two hundred feet, the deep chasm of 
Cedar Creek, flowing into the James; and neither 
pen nor pencil can do justice to the absolute gran- 
deur of the structure, as witnessed from below and 
above. Best points of view, and peculiar oddities 
of resemblance to faces and animals under the arch, 
pointed out by guides. The tourist may or may not 
recognize the Eagle with outstretched wings, the 
Lion's Head, the Goddess of Liberty, and other 
striking similitudes to men and animals, in the 
moss and discoloration of the under-surface; but it 
is sure that he will realize the grandeur of the struc- 
ture, which is so wide, above, and so solid, that one 
of the great public roads of the county passes over 
it, and thousands ride across in stage-coach or wagon 
without being aware of the terrible gulf beneath, 
except their attention is called to it. Much inte- 
rest is always excited by the initials cut at different 
heights under the arch, by adventurous climbers; 



SPECIAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. 189/ 

and many fancy, perhaps with reason, that those of 
George Washingion (known to have been a visitor 
and admirer of the Natural Bridge) may be dis- 
covered in a certain locaHty. From above, at both 
feides, very fine views over the creek and the adjacent 
country may be obtained; though prudence should 
be observed in going near to either edge. There is 
also a view, at some distance from the road, of the 
Bridge itself, which should not be lost. Hotel: the 
Natural Bridge, Some notable Caves lie in the 
neighborhood, partaking of the character of Weyer's 
and others. 

From Natural Bridge, by carriage, to Gilmour's 
Mill; and thence daily (evening) packet-boat on 
the James River and Kanawha Canal, through fine 
scenery, to 

Lynchburg, on the James River — flourishing town, 
and great depot of the tobacco trade, as well as rail- 
way center of importance, [Connections, westward 
by the Virginia and Tennessee road; northward to 
Charlottesville and Gordonsville, for Eastern Virginia, 
"Washdv-gton, &c.; southward to Danville, for North 
Carolina, &,g. } eastward by route about to be trav- 
ersed.] Leading Hotels; the Norvell smd Piedmont. 

From Lynchburg, by the South Side railroad, by 
Burkevilie Junction, to Richmond, (See Route 9, 
p. 186 and following,) 

Richmo id to Washington by reverse of route 9, 
Division E, p. 185; or by Chesapeake and Ohio road 
to Gordonsville (Junction), and thence by Wash- 



ISdJc SHORT-TMIP GXIIDE. 

ington City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern 
roadj — for return northward; or eastward, or south- 
ward, by other lines of conneation from that city. 

i;^ee Eoute 9, p. 188,^ 



ROUTE Ho. M -WESTERN AND SOUTH-WESTERN. 

WASHINGTON OR BALTIMOEE, BY BALTIMORE AND 

OHIO ROAD,' TO CUMBERLAND, GRAFTON, AND 

WHEELING ; AND TO CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, ETC. 

Division A. 
WASHINGTON OR BALTIMORE TO GRAFTON. 

Washington or Baltimore, by B. and O. Boadj 
to Sir Jolin^s Eun, as by previous route (" Special 
Virginia Tour," No. 91), with unequalled oppor- 
tunities, on all the earlier portions of this route, 
through and by the Maryland towns, for visiting 
some of the most noted battle-fields of the secession 
war, to wit: Gettysburg from Frederick, Antietam 
from Hagersiown or Point of Rocks, &g. 

Passing Point of Rock», Harper's Ferry, &c., as by 
that route, and with or without detour at Sir John's 
Ban, to Berkeley Springs, as also by that route, — . 

From Sir Joimh Run, continuing west, the rail- 
road crosses the Great Cacapon by a fine bridge 300 
feet long, and the Potomac (south branch) by one 
400 ft. long; and then, passing by a Viaduct 700 ft. 
long, crosses to the N. side of the Potomac into 
Maryland ao-ain ; and nest reaches 

Cumberland, the second city of the State of Mary- 
land, situated at the eastern foot of the range of the 
Alleghenies. It is the center of a most important 
coal and iron district; has some handsome public 
buiklino^s, and hotel; is the seat of large iron works, 
the railroad repairing^shops, and one of the largest 
steel rolling-mills in the country. Cumberland is 
the Eastern terminus of the Great National Road 
through Wheeling, &e., to the Mississippi; also the 
"Western termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal; both of which modes of transit, of the great- 



189m SHORT-TBIP QUIDK 

est importance in their day, liave been to a great 
extent superseded by railroads. 

[Bail way connections from Cumberland to Gor- 
nellsville and Pittsburgh; also to the Oil Kegions of 
•Pennsylvania. Short .ride via Bridgeport, to the 
celebrated Bedford Springs.'^] 

Leaving Cumberland, westward, is entered the 
grand scenery of the Ascent of the Alleghenies, for 
some 45 miles, among the best on the continent, to 
the summit, at Altamont. Important points are 
passed, on this ascent, at Keyser, 21 miles from 
Cumberland, and at Piedmont (the "mountain foot"), 
28 miles from Cumberland. [Important connections, 
at Piedmont, with the Cumberland and Pennsylvania 
Kailroacl, through the coal and iron regions, among 
the most important in those productions in America.] 

At Piedmont commences the famous " 17-mile 
grade," reaching the summit of the Alleghenies at At- 
iamont, 2,720 feet above tide-water at Baltimore. 
Near Altamont, some three miles distant, at Deer 
Park, is the favorite hotel and summer-resort, the 
Deer Park- House. The descending grade of the Alle- 
ghenies is commenced at Cranberry Summit, 23 miles 
from Altamont; and very soon after, the magnificent 
scenery of the Cheat River Valley and the river of the 
same name comes into view. The scenery of this 
valley is considered almost unrivalled. The valley is 
crossed by a noble viaduct; and the ascent of the 
" Cheat River Grade" exposes the splendid scenery 
of the Laurel Hiil range. Among the best and bold- 
est engineering work in America is to be found on 
this road, during the passage to Cassidy's SummiL 
Again descending, King Wood Tunnel is passed 
through, 4, 100 feet in length. Shortly after is reached 



ROUTE NO. n-— WESTERN AND SOUTHERN. 189;^ 

Newburgh, (W.Ya.), 267 miles from Baltimore. Be- 
yond, the rapid descent of the Three Forks leads to 

Grafton, 1,000 feet above tide-water at Baltimore, 
where diverge the two great sub-divisions of the Bal- 
timore and Ohio : 1st, the Central Ohio Division, to 
Newark, Columbus, Sandusky, &e., thence to Chicago; 
and, 2d, the Main Line to Parkersburg, with connec- 
tions to Cincinnati, St. Louis, the West and Southwee-t. 

Division B. 
GRAFTON BY WHEELING TO CHICAGO. 

Prominent places passed on this route are : 
Fairmount, (W. Va.), county seat of Marion Co.; 
Mannington, among the beautiful scenery of the Buf- 
falo Valley; Moundsville, near which arise the won- 
drous Indian Mounds of such size and prominence, 
puzzling all the historians and men of science; Ben- 
wood (with connection to Wheeling); Bellair (en- 
trance into the State of Ohio) ; Cambridge; Zanesville, 
important town and county seat of Muskingum Co. ; 
Newark, county seat of Licking; Columbus, capital of 
Ohio (see p. 202) ; [detour from Newark] ; Mansfield, 
county seat of Richland; Shelby [connection, by the 
Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis R. 
R., with the Atlantic & Gt. Western and Erie roads, 
direct to New York and the East] ; Sa^idusky, im- 
portant town of Lake Erie; thence hj Tiffin (railway 
junction of importance). Defiance, &e., to Chicago. 

Division C. 
GRAFTON BY PARKERSBURG TO ST. L*OUIS. 
Passing through a mountainous and wooded 
country, producing coal and petroleum in great 
abundance, is reached 



ISdo SHOni-TBIP GVIDE. 

Parhersburg, (W. Ya.), county seat of Wood Ca, 
on the Ohio, at the mouth of the Little Kanawha — - 
prosperous town, and center of petroleum and other 
industries. The Ohio river is here crossed by one 
of the most magnificent bridges in the world, with 
a height above tide-water of some 80 feet, spans of 
350 feet, and a total length of one mile, 550 yards. 
Two miles below may be seen BlennerhasseW s Island, 
so intimately connected with the fortunes of Aaron 
Burr and his alleged victim, Herman Blennerhasset, 
At Belpre are to be found the great stock-yards of 
the company. The next place of importance is 
Athens, (O.), county seat of county of same name, 
and seat of the State University and one of the State 
Lunatic Asylums. Many of the noted Indian 
Mounds in the neighborhood. [Railway connection 
to Columbus, by Hocking Yalley road. j Then follow 
Ilamden, [branch road to Portsmouth, county seat of 
Scioto, and center of coal and iron industries] ; 

Ghilicothe, founded in 1796, and capital of Ohio 
until 1810 — now county seat of Eoss, and with many 
handsome public and other buildings [branch rail to 
Hillsboro] ; Loveland [connection with the Little 
Miami road]; to Cincinnati, (see p. 204). 

From Cincinnati, by Laivrenceburgh [connection 
to Indianapolis] ; North Vernon [branch to Louisville, 
Ohio, and steamers on that river] ; Flora [connec- 
tions north to Beardstown, south to Shawneetown. 
&c.]; Odin [connection south to (7az>o, New Orleans, 
&C.1 This route terminates with the crossing of the 
Mississippi river, by one of the most stupendous and 
magnificent iron bridges in the world, to St. Louis. 



ROUTE No. 10.-S0UTH-WESTERN {SEMhSKElE- 

TON.) 

RICHMOND BY RALEIGH, WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA, 

CHARLESTON, ATLANTA, MONTGOMERY AND 

MOBILE, TO NEW ORLEANS. 

Eichmond by rail on Petersburg and Weldon road, 
to Petersbueg (with fortifications remaining, and 
other traces of the late struggle). [Connection 
south-eastward to Suffolk and Koefolk.] Thence 
by Hickford Junction [connection south to Weldon, 
Goldsboro and Wilmington'], where Kaleigh and Gas- 
ton road is taken, — and by Bidgeway Junction ; to 

Raleigh, capital of the State of North Carolina, 
on the Neuse River, and named after Sir Walter 
Raleigh. It has an imposing State House, hand- 
some Union Square, State Lunatic Asylum and many 
other objects of interest. From Raleigh; by the 
North Carolina and "Wilmington roads, to 

Wilmington, on the Cape Fear River, largest and 
chief commercial city of the State, with steamers to 
New York; extensive exports of naval stores; some 
good public buildings; Forts Fisher and Caswell 
(bombarded during the war), etc. Wilmington, by 
Columbia and Augusta road to Florence ; thence by 
North-eastern road to 

Chaeleston, principal city of South Carolina, 



190 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. 

• 

and one of the leading sea-ports of tlie South [may 
be reached by steamer direct from New York], as 
well as especially celebrated as having been the spot 
at which the first fighting of the secession occurred, 
and for a long time the stronghold of the Confede- 
rates and object of Federal siege. It lies at the 
confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, has a 
fine harbor, and very strong fortifications, in Forts 
Moultrie, Castle FincJcney, etc., and also the ruins of 
the celebrated Fori Sumter, It has many good pub- 
lic buildings, though many were destroyed during 
the war, from which the city is only slowly recover- 
ing. Among the most interesting buildings are the 
Old State House (now Court House), New Custom 
Mouse, City Hall, Orphan Asylum,, St. MichaeVs 
Church (with fine old tower), Charleston College, etc. 
Principal Public Ground: the Battery, at the har- 
bor-side. Principal Cemetery: Magnolia Cemetery^ 
considered the finest in the South. Leading Hotels: 
the Charleston,. Mills House and Pavilion. [Near 
connection south-westward, by Charleston and Sa- 
vannah road, to 

Savannah, principal town of the State of Georgia, 
on south bank of the Savannah Eiver, with remark- 
ably wide streets, fine shade, many notable public 
buildings, revolutionary and secession reminiscenceSy 
and considered one of the healthiest of the Southern 
cities.. Principal Hotels: i]iQ Screven, PulasM^ 
and Marshall. Connection from Savannah south- 
westward to Tallahassee and other towns of Florida*] 



EO UTE WO. lO.-SO TTTH- WHJSTBBJST. 191 

From Charleston, by South Carolina road, "by 
Branchvilte and King sville, to 

Columbia, capital of South Oa-folina, beautifully 
situated on the Congaree river, with what is consid- 
ered the handsomest State- Capitol in the Union, the 
South Carolina College, and many other attractions, 
though burned during the war, and only partially 
recovered. Leading Hotel : Nickersorfs. From Co- 
lumbia, by Columbia and AugTista road, to 

Augusta, important town of Georgia, and second 
in the State ; on the Savannah River, with Powder 
and Cotton FactorieSj a large TJ. S. Arsenal in the 
neighborhood, handsome City Hall, and many at- 
tractiojis as a residence. Leading Hotels : the Au- 
gusta asd Planters'. From Augusta, westward, by 
the G-eorgia road, to 

Atlanta, capital of the State of &et)'r^!a, lying at 
the intersection of the Georgia road west, the At- 
lantic road southward ivom. Chattanooga and Nash- 
ville, the Macon road south to Macon, &c. ; and with 
a certain other interest in its siege during the war, 
and as the point of departure of Sherman, on his 
" March to the iSea." Hotel : the Kimball. Froni 
Atlanta, by Atlanta and West Point and Montgom- 
ery and West Point roads, by West Point, to 

MoNTGOMEEY, capital of Alabama, and for a time 
the seat of the Confederate Government, before re- 
moval to Richmond. It lies on the Alabama river, 
bas a commanding site, a Capitol worthy of atten- 
tion, and many other good buildings, though having 



192 SHORT-TRIP GVII>E. 

several times suffered severely by fire. Prominent 
Hotels : the Central and Exchange. From Mont^r 
gomery south-westward, by Mobile and Montgomery 
road, by Pollard (Junction : railway connection to 
Pensaaola, handsome town on Pensacola Bay, near 
the Gulf of Mexico, with fine harbor, XJ. S. Naval 
Station, etc. — leading Hotels : Bedell^ Winter and 
St. Mark's Rail); to 

Mobile, on the Bay of the same name, branch of 
the Gulf of Mexico. It is the most important sea- 
port of Alabama, and, in spite of bad navigation, the 
second of the great cotton ports of the Gulf. It 
has few public buildings of interest, but fine water- 
views, extensive fortifications, and a romantic his- 
toric interest as the scene of Farragut's fearful " pas- 
sage of the Forts," and lashing himself in the shrouds 
of his vessel in the midst of their fire. [Communi- 
cation by steamers and sailing -vessels, to New Or- 
leans, Galveston, and many other ports on the Gulf.] 
Leading Hotel : the Battle Mouse. From Mobile, by 
Mobile and Texas road, to 

New Orleans, largest city of the State of Loui- 
siana, and first cotton port of the South, as well as 
entrepot for products coming down the Mississippi 
Biver, of which it lies at near the debouchure into 
the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans, familiarly called 
the " Crescent City," from its shape on the river, 
used also to be called the " Paris of America," and 
has not quite lost all the characteristics of gaietji 
bestowing the name. It lies on land lower than the 



h^ UTE m. lO.—SOUTR-WESTEBN'. 193 

river, rendering necessary a great embankment, call- 
ed tlie Levee, which also supplies both wharves and 
promenades, along which may be seen the most 
marked features of the city. Among the later nota- 
ble events connected, were another " passing of the 
Forts," below {For is Jackson and St.' Philip), by 
Admiral Farragut, and the occupation of the city by 
the somewhat-unpopular commandant. Gen. B. F. 
Butler. Among the most important buildings are 
the Custom House, Canal Street, one of the largest in 
America ; the U. S. Branch Hint ; the Cit^ Hall ; 
Odd Felloius' Hall ; Masonic Ball ; Merchants' Ex- 
change ; U. S. Marine Hospital, etc. It has many fine 
churches, with the Eoman Catholic Cathedral of St. 
Louis the most prominent ; and of its public grounds 
the most notable are the New City ParJc, Lafayette 
Square, Jackson Square, etc. Most attractive Ceme- 
teries : Cypress Grove, Greenicood, and Monument 
(soldier's). There are two Monuments of interest : 
the Clay, on Canal Street, and the Jackson (unfin- 
ished) on the Battle-field, below the city. One of 
the most interesting features of New Orleans is to 
be found in the Markets, which should be visited 
early in the morning, not only to observe the im- 
mense variety of articles on sale, but the negro, half- 
Spanish and half-French characters of dealers and 
customers. Principal Theatres : the Opera House, 
St. Charles, Varieties and Academy of Music. Prom- 
inent Hotels: the St. Charles, St. Louis, St. James, 
and City. Excursions may be made to the Battle- 



194 SHOMT^TEIP G VIDE, 

field, scene of Gen. Jackson's victory over Sir Ed- 
mund Pakenham, Jan. 8th, 1815, four or five miles 
below the city ; to the TJ. 8. Barracks, a little above ; 
to Lake Fonchar train, above the city (famous for fish- 
ing and shooting, in the season); to the Delta and 
the Mouths of the Mississippi, some twenty-five miles 
below. 

[New Orleans has regular communication, by 
steamer, to New Yoek ; to Havana (Cuba) ; to Gal- 
veston (Texas) ; and nearly all important Gulf ports. 
Also by steamer up the Mississippi, to Memphis, 
Cairo, St. Louis, and all important towns on that 
river. Also by rail, hj Jackson (Miss.) to Memphis ; 
and thence to all towns and cities in the North, 
North-east or North-west 



ROUTE NO. n -SOUTH-WESTERN {SKELETON.) 

WASHINGTON" OR RICHMOND, BY LYNCHBURG, 

KNOXVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA, TO 

MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS. 

"Washington by rail, by Alexandria; and by 
Orange, Alexandria and Manassas road (by Manassas 
Junction) to Charlottesville (Junction — connection 
'westward to Staunton, etc.) ; thence direct to Lynch- 
burg. Or, Richmond by Sonth Side road to Burhe- 
ville (Junction-^intersection with Bichmond and 
Danville road, southward) ; thence direct by Appo- 
mattox, and. other stations, to 

I/YNCHBURG, OH the James River, and the James 
River and Kanawha Canal — important tobacco-depot 
and flourishing town. [Most convenient railway 
point, from which to reach, by canal-packet or car- 
riage, those great natural curiosities, the Natural 
Bridge and the (Mountain) Peaks of Otter. 1 From 
Lynchburg, by Virginia and Tennessee road, by 
Bonsack's [stage connection to Natural Bridge, 
Lexington, &c.] ; Big Tunnel [passage of the Alle- 
gheny Mountains ; horse-car connection to Alle- 
gheny Springs] ; Bristol, and other stations, to 

Knoxville, important town of the State of Ten- 
nessee, on the Holston River, with the University of 



196 SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. 

East Tennessee, many railway connections, and mucli 
popularity as a place of residence. Knoxville to 

Chattanooga, on the Tennessee river, near the 
boundaries of Alabama and Georgia, and one of the 
most important railway centres of the south-west ; 
but additionally celebrated, since the war, for the 
battles of Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain, 
fought in the immediate neighborhood. In the 
vicinity of the Lookout (easily visited from Chatta- 
nooga,) is to be found scenery of equal grandeur and 
loveliness. Hotel : the Crutclifield House. Chatta- 
nooga, by the Alabama and Chattanooga road, by 
Tuscaloosa and other important stations, to 

Meridian, railway town of the State of Mississippi, 
[with connections east to Montgomery, west to Jach- 
son (capital of the State), north to Memphis, etc.] . 
From Meridian, by the Mobile and Ohio road, direct 
to Mobile and. New Orleans, as in Koute No. 10. 



ROUTE Ho. Wh-SOUTHERN iSEMhSKELETO/ll.) 

BALTIMORE (bY WASHI>TGT0K AND RICHMOND) TO 

WELDON, WILMINGTON, CHARLESTON, 

SAVANNAH, THE FLORIDA 

RESORTS, ETC. 

Leave Baltimore, by Baltimore and Ohio, or Balti- 
more and Potomac route (see Eoute No. 9, p. 171, 
&c.), to Washington (see p. 172). From Washing- 
ton, by Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, and con- 
nections, by Fredericksburg (see p. 185), Richiiond 
(see p. 186), Petersburg (see p. 1891), to 

Weldon, town of some importance, of North Caro- 
lina. At Weldon, connection by the Seaboard and 
Koanoke Railroad, to Noefolk and the steamboat 
line on the Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore for Wash- 
ington and the North. Also, at Weldon, connection 
by the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, to 

Wilmington, chief commercial city of the State of 
North Carolina, and great naval store depot, on Cape 
Fear River (see Route No, 10). From Wilmington 
by Florence to Columbia, capital of South Carolina, 
by the Wilmington, Columbia and Aagusta Railway 
(see p. 191) ; and by brief connecting road, to Au- 
gusta, Georgia (see p, 191.) From Augusta, brief 
ride to Aiken, celebrated health-resort of South Caro- 
linaj enjoying remarkable freedom from cold, winds 



1965 BHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

of the Atlantic slope. From Augusta by the Cen- 
tral Georgia Kailroad, to Savannah (see p. 190). Or, 
with return from Augusta or Columbia to Florence, 
rail on North-eastern Eailroad to Chaeleston (see p. 
189/), and by the Savannah and Charleston Bailroad 
to Savannah (see p. 190). 

From Charleston, for Florida, by boat, every Fri- 
day and Saturday evening, touching at Savannah. 
Thence to Fernandina, Jachsonville, St. John's River 
ports, and to Palatka. Or from Savannah by boat, 
as in connection. 

From Savannah (all rail), rail on the Atlantic and 
Gulf, and Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile roads, 
to Jacksonville. Branch rail, Jacksonville to Fer- 
nandina. 

For Tallahassee, St. Marks, and Apalachicola, rail 
on Atlantic and Gulf road from Savannah ; or on 
Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile road, from Jack- 
sonville. 

For Pensacola (and for Mobile), rail as for Talla- 
hassee, &c. 

For Cedar Keys, rail on Florida road, from Fer- 
nandina, or from Jacksonville. 

For St. Augustine, daily morning boat up the St. 
John's Hiver from Jacksonville, landing at Tocoi — ■ 
thence St. John's Kailroad, about one hour. The 
same steamer, from Jacksonville, for Mandarin, Hi- 
hernia, Magnolia, Green Gove Sx>rings, Picolata, and 
Palatka', with smaller boats making trips further up 
the river to Dunn's Lake, Lake George, &c. 



ROUTE NO. 19. -WESTERN. 

NEW YORK TO PHILA.DELPHIA, HARRISBUEG, 

PITTSBURG, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, 

ETC, BY PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

AND CONNECTIONS. 

Division A. 

NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, OR MANTUA 
JUNCTION. 

Leave New York (as by Route Ko. 8) by the Penn- 
sylvania road, by Jersey City, Newark, Elizabeth, Rah- 
zvay, New Brunswick, Trenton, etc., to Philadelphia, 
if for stoj) at that city ; if for through passage to 
the West, without stop at Philadelphia, New York 
by the same towns to Mantua Junction, where close 
through-connection is made. 

Division B. 

PHILADELPHIA, OR MANTUA JUNCTION, TO AND 
AT HARRISBURG. 

Leave Philadelphia ("West Philadelphia), or Man- 
tua Junction, if without stop at Philadelphia, by 
rail, by the Pennsylvania Railroad ; by Downing- 
ton [connection northward for Waynesburg] ; by 
Coatesville [connection northward for Beading ,Boui]i' 
ward for Wilmington], etc. ; to 

Lancastee, pleasantly situated on the Conestoga 
Greek, in a fine agricailtural section ; seat of Franklin 



198 SEOBT-TUIP OTIIDE, 

und 3IarshaU College ; with Court Rouse and other 
creditable buildings, and interesting series of Canal 
Locks in the neighborhood, at month of the creek. 
Was for some years, at beginning of the century, the 
seat of government of Pennsylvania. Leading Ho- 
tels : the Cit'^, and MichaeVs. Lancaster, by Branch 
Intersection [connection northward to Reading, 
southward for Columbia, York, etc.], ML Joy and 
Middletown, to 

Haeeisbueg, capital of the State of Pennsylvania, 
on the east bank of the Susquehanna river (origi- 
nally "Harris' Ferry" over that river). The most 
notable building is the Capitol, on high ground, 
with fine view from the dome, with State Library, 
Legislative Chambers, etc. Also should be visited, 
the Court House ; the Old Harris Mansion ; and 
some of the extensive L-on and Steel Works in the 
vicinity ; as well the Susquehanna river and some 
of the bridges spanning it — one of them very old, 
and showing a remarkably high arch. Princix3al 
street ; Front Street. Principal Public Ground ; 
Harris Park. Prominent Hotels ; the Locliiel, 
Jones House, and Bolton's. [Important railway con- 
nections from Harrisburg : by Lebanon Yalley road, 
east to Lelanon and Reading ; by Northern Central 
road, southeast to Baltimore, etc. ; by the same 
road northward to Elmira and the Erie Railway and 
its connections : by Cumberland Yalley road, south- 
westward for Carlisle, Chamber sburg^ etc. ; by Phila- 
delphia and Erie road, northwestward for Wdliams- 
portf Carry, Brie and Qil Regions.] 



no TfTE NO. n.— Vi/ESTEMN, 190 

Division G. 
HARRISBURG TO AND AT PITTSBURG-, WKEELINO, ETC- 

From Harrisbnrg, continuing by Pennsylvania 
Central road ; by Lewistown [connection northward 
for Milroy, northeastward for Sunbury, etc.] ; by 
Tyrone [connection northeastward to Loch Haven 
and the Philadelphia and Erie road, northwest to 
Clearfield, etc.] ; by Huntington, etc., to 

Altoona, at the commencement of the ascent of 
the Allegheny Mountains ; great locomotive-shop 
of the Pennsylvania Central Company ; and sur- 
rounded by magnificent mountain-scenery, making 
a sojourn very pleasant in summer. Hotel : the 
Logan House. [Spur southward to Martinsburg, 
and stage thence to Bedford Springs.'] Prom Al- 
toona should be made, by daylight, to enjoy the fine 
scenery, the 

Railivay ascent of the Alleghenies, with features 
quite as grand as most of the Alpine rail-routes, 
and double power necessary in drawing up the 
trains. An immense Tunnel, nearly three-quarters 
of a mile in length, is passed through before reach- 
ing the summit, at 

Ceesson (Cresson Springs), a popular summer- 
resort, on account of its elevation and healthful 
air. Hotel : the Mountain House. [Spur north- 
ward to Ehensburg,'] Prom Cresson the descent of the 
Alleghenies is made, without the use of steam, the 
speed being regulated by brake-power; to Gonemaugh 
^''!-ation; and to Johnstoim. with the extensive Cam- 



200 8H0BT-TBIP GVIDE. 

bria IronWorks in the neighborlioodj and heavy man- 
ufactures. Hotel : the Scott House. From Johns- 
town, by i?fezVsw7Ze [connection northward iox In- 
diana, northwestward to Freeport and points on Al- 
legheny Yalley road] ; by Greensburg, etc., to 

PiTTSBUEG, at the confluence of the Allegheny 
and Monongahela rivers (forming the commence- 
ment of the Ohio) ; and on the spot once occupied 
by old Fort Duquesne ; with Braddock's Field, of 
the French- war, in the near vicinity. Very exten- 
sive manufactures are carried on, in Pittsburg, in 
Allegheny City (across the Allegheny, and connected 
by line bridges), in Birmingham (similarly situated 
across the Monongahela, with bridges), Laiorenee- 
ville, and other suburbs — in iron, glass, steel, brass, 
wooden-ware, and many other industries. It is also 
a great coal and oil centre, and has the smokiest 
atmosphere in America. 

In addition to the llanufactories and the exten- 
sive Bailway Buildings, other objects of interest 
will be found in the Levee (wharves) on the Monon- 
gahela; the Ohio and Mississippi boats loading there, 
with many peculiarities for the stranger; ih-Q In- 
clined Railway up Mount Washington, across the 
Monongahela, whence a fine view of the city may 
be commanded, etc. Among prominent public 
and other buildings will be noticed i\iQ Roman 
CatholiG Cathedral ; Presbyterian and BajMst 
Churches ; Court House ; Custom House ; (with 
Post Office) ; new City Hall ; Mercantile Library 
Hallf etc.; and in Allegheny City, Hlq Theological 



BO TJTE NO. 13.— WESTERN. 201 

Seminaries^ Western Penitentiary, etc., and more 
elegant residences of the citizens. There are no 
less than four Cemeteries : the Allegheny ; St. 
Mary's; Hilldale ; and ML Union. Leading Ho- 
tels : the Monongahela, Union, St. Charles, and 
Mercharits'. 

(Eailway connections from Pittsburg are very 
general. Northward, by the Allegheny Valley road, 
to Venango, Oil City, and the Oil Regions generally ; 
eastward by route just traversed ; westward, to places 
named, by the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis 
and Pittsburg, Fort "Wayne and Chicago roads ; 
northwestward to Cleveland, by Cleveland and Pitts- 
burg road ; and to Ei^ie by the Erie and Pittsburg 
road ; southeastward to Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, 
etc., by the Pittsburg and Baltimore and Washing- 
ton road. There is also steamboat communication, 
down the Ohio river to Wheeling and thence to 
Cincinnati, during the open season.] 

From Pittsburg, by Cleveland and Pittsburg 
road, a visit may be paid to 

Wheeling, West Virginia, a large and important 
town, lying at a debouchure of Wheeling Creek 
into the Ohio River — with manufactures of the same 
character as those of Pittsburg, only second to them 
in extent. Apart from its Manufactures, the two 
greatest j)oints of interest' are the Wire Suspension 
Bridge of the National Road, with 1,000 feet of span ; 
and the new and splendid Railway Bridge. Oil and 
coal trade also immense, as at Pittsburg. [Railway 
connection southeastward by the Baltimore and Ohio 



203 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

road to Harper's Ferry, Baltimore and Washington 
eastward to Pittsburg and northwestward to Cleve- 
land and Lake Erie, by the Cleveland and Pittsburg 
road. Or, by Baltimore and Ohio road, from 
Wheeling by Belle Air ; and Zanesviille, thriving 
and handsome town on the Muskingum E-iver, 
with immense water-power and fine railroad-bridge 
— [connection southwestward, by Cincinnati and 
Muskingum Valley road, to Cincinnati) : to Neimrk, 
■Columbus, etc. Steamboat communication to Pitts- 
burg, and down the Ohio to Cincinnati during the 
open season. Hempfield railw^ay will connect di- 
rectly to Pittsburg when completed.] 

Division D. 
PITTSBURG- TO AND AT COLUMBUS, OHIO. 

From Pittsburg, by rail, on the Pittsburg, Cin- 
cinnati and St. Louis road (or from Wheeling by 
rail to same point) ; by 

Steubenville, pleasant village on the Ohio river, 
county, seat of Jefferson County, with many manu- 
factures and fine scenery in the neighborhood ; by 
Mingo Junction [connection northwestward to Cleve- 
land, eastward to Bochesier, etc.] ; by Dennison, 
Coshocton, and Dresden Junction [connection south 
to Zanesville, etc.] ; to . 

Newark, handsome and thriving town on the 
Licking river, with extensive railway connections : 
roads to Sandusky and Lake Erie, to Zanesville and 
the south, intersecting. Efom Newark to 

CoiJEJMBUS, on the Scioto Eiver, capital of th© 



nOUTE NO, 12. - WESTERN. 263 

"State of Oliio, and one of the most important towns 
^of the State, Ifc is beautifully laid out and very 
handsomely shaded ^ Broadway^ its main street, 
-being -considered unsurpassed. The Capitol^ on th-o 
elegant public groTind, Capitol Square, ha,s fine 
-chambers, good sculptures and pi<3tures ; and 
there are, of other public buildings of interest, 
the City Hall y TJ. 8. Arsenal, with fine high 
grounds; State P-enitentiary ; Central Ohio Lunatic 
Asylum (building, in place of that burned in 1868) ; 
, Blind and Deaf and Dumb Asylums -^ Starlmg 
Medical College-; -St. Marys Female Seminary, etc. 
Also worthy of attention are the Holly Water 
Woi'ks, with steam raising-power. Other Public 
Grounds than the one already named, and the fine 
ones surrounding most of the public buildings : the 
<Jity and Goodale Pa/rks, and those of the FranMin 
Agricultural Society. Most popular Cemetery : 
Green Lawn. Theatre : the Opera House. Hotel : 
the Neil House. [Railway connections extensive : 
eastward by the route just traversed ; northward by 
the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indian- 
apolis road, to Toledo, Ghveland, etc. ; south-west- 
ward to Cincinnati (as see route following) ; south- 
eastward to Athens and the Baltimore and Ohio 
road, etc.] 

Division E. 

COLXJMfiUS TO AND AT CINCIN-^ATL 

From Columbus, by the Little Miami road ; by 
London ^ by Xenia, ^exj handsome town, with 



004 SEOnT-TRIP GUIDE. 

•water-po'wer and manufactures on tiie Little 
Miami river [connection Westward for Dayton and 
Richmond] / by Morrow^ [connection east with the 
Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley road] ; by Love- 
land, [cannection east by tlie Marietta and Cincin- 
nati roady for Marietta^ and the Baltimore and Ohia 
road] ; to 

Cincinnati, on the Ohio river, called the " Queen 
City/* principally built upon two terraces sloping 
back from the river j while opposite it, and divided 
from it by the Ohio river, are the large town^ 
of Newport and Covington, in the State of Ken- 
tucky ; with Neivport Barracks, important U. S., 
military station, on the river bank, near the former, 
Cincinnati has also heavy commerce and important 
manufactures* 

Among the public buildings of prominence arc 
the Custom Mouse (with Post Office attached), on 
[Fourth Street ; the City Hall (with neat grounds). 
Plum Street j the Court House, Main Street ; Cm- 
cinnati College, Walnut Street ; St. Xavier's College 
(Catholic), Sycamore Street ; Convent of Notice Dame, 
Sixth Street ; House of Befuge, north of the city j 
City Workhouse, near the latter 5 Cincinnati Hos- 
pital, Twelfth Street j etc. Principal Churches : 
St. John's (Epis.) ; St. Paul's (Meth, Epis.) ; First 
Baptist ; St. Peter's Cathedral (Catholic) ; First 
Presbyterian, etc., though with many others credit- 
able. Places of Amusement : the National and 
Wood's Theatres ; Pike's Music Hall ; Melodeon j 
Gymnasium ; Qu^n City Skating Bink, etcr Prom- 



EOTJTE m. 12.^WE8TEBm 205 

inent Hotels : the Burnet, Spencer, Gibson, St. James, 
Carlisle, etc. 

Public Grrounds : Eden Parh, east of the city, 
elevated and '^ith. fine view ; Fountain Square, with 
magnificent bronze fountain lately presented by Mn 
Henry Probasco ; City, Lincoln, Washington, and 
Hopkins Parks, Cemeteries : Spring Grove, one of 
the handsomest in the West, northwest of the city, 
with splendid avenues of approach, and a fine sol- 
diers' monument ; SL Bernard, Wesley an, and others 
minor. Other Objects of Interest : the great Sus- 
pension Bridge over the Ohio, with longest span in 
the world ; the Linking Bridge, also a suspension, 
and only less remarkable in length ; the Railroad 
Bridge (new) ; remains of entrenchments thrown up 
during the Confederate ^* siege"; the Levee, along 
the river, with steambo.at-landings and a very fine 
idea of the industry of the eity ; steamboat-building- 
yards ; and many of the very extensive Manufac- 
tories, with diversified products, 

[Eailway connections: eastward, by route just trav- 
ersed — also, by Marietta and Cincinnati, and Chesa- 
peake and Ohio roads to BieJiTnond, etc. : north- 
eastward, by the Little Miami and other roads, to 
Cleveland, Smidusky, etc. ; northward, by Cincinnati, 
Hamilton and Dayton road, to Toledo; northwest- 
ward, by same road and connections, to Chicago ; 
westward, by Ohio and Mississippi road, by Yin- 
cennes to St, Louis and the Mississippi river. 

Also, steamboat transit on the Ohio river, to all 
. points on that stream, to Cairo and the Mississippi] 



20da 8R0RT-TBIP GTTIDK 



PITTSBUEG- TO AND AT ST. LOUIS. 

Pittsburg to Columbus and Cincinnati, as by 
route preceding. 

Ijeave Cincinnati by tbe Indianapolis, Cincinnati 
and Lafayette road, by Delhi, North Bend, Valletj 
Junction [connection with YvTiite Water Yalley 
Railroad], Lawrenceburg, [connection with Ohio and 
Mississippi road, for Vincennes, etc;,] Morris-, 
Greensburg, Shelby ville, [connection with Jefferson- 
viile road, south for Louisville, etc.,] to 

Ikdianapolis, capital and largest town of the 
State of Indiana, lying on the White river, in a very 
fertile plain, with heavy manufactures, and sup- 
plying one of the most noted railroad centres of the 
West. It is also celebrated for its school system; 
has an imposing but old State House, on Washing- 
ton Street; State Lunatic Asylum, Institute for iha 
Blind, United States Arsenal, Northwestern Chris--' 
iian University, a very large Union Depot, an Acad-- 
einy of Musio, etc. Prominent Hotels : Bates Hous^j 
and Mason House. [Railway connections, as before 
indicated, universal.] 

From Indianapolis, by the St. Louis, Vandalia 
and Terre Haute road, by Greencastle, to 

Teree Haute, very handsome town on Harrison 
Prairie and the Wabash river, and also on the 
Wabash and Erie Canal, and with extensive railway 
connections. It is ^egantly shaded,, has many nobl^ 



ROUTE NO. 12.— WESTERN. 2055 

"i^45sidences, St Ilary's Seminary (Catholic), tlie State 
Kormal School, and a handsome Opera House. It is 
also largely engaged in manufactures, forging, etc. 
Hotel : the Terre Saute House (with a wonderful 
echo near it, excelling any other known in the world 
in the number of repetitions.) 

Terre Haute by Marshall and Greenup, to Effing- 
ham [connections north to Chicago, south to Cairo, 
etc., by branch of the Illinois Central road] ; to 

Vandalia, on the Kaskaskia river, thriving town 
and once capital of the State of Indiana. [Connec- 
tions north to Bloomington and Chicago, south to 
Cairo, etc., by main line of the Illinois Central road.] 
Vandalia, by Greenville, Highland^ etc., to East St, 
Louis, and 

St. Louis. [See page 221.] 

Division G. 
PITTSBURG BY FORT WAYNE TO CHICAGO. 

[See Eoute 13 — pages 209 to 211 ; also same route, 
pages 212 to 216, for 
Chicago.] 



ROUTE NO, 18.— WESTERN. 

NEW YORK TO E ASTON (PA.), HARRISBURG-, PITTS- 
BURG-, FORT WAYNE AND CHICAGO ; BY THE 
ALLENTOWN ROUTE. 

Division A. 

NEW YORK TO EASTON, HARRISBURG AND PITTS- 
BURG. 

Leave New York, by boats of New Jersey Central 
Bailroad, from foot of iLiberty Street to Communi- 
paw (lower Jersey City) ; thence by the cars of that 
road, by Bergen Point, and over Long Bridge across 
Newark Bay ; to Elizahetliport (station — at the left 
the town and great coal depot of that name) ; and to 
Elizabeth [intersection with New Jersey road, east- 
ward to New Yoek, and westward to Philadelphia : 
See Koute No. 8, New York to Philadelphia]. Eliza- 
beth, by other stations, to 

pLAiNFiELD, pleasant village and favorite summer- 
residence, lying at near the foot of the Orange 
Mountains, a minor spur of the Blue Eidge, and 
with a remarkable eminence at a short distance to 
the north, called " Washington's Bock," from which 
that general is said sometimes to have watched the 
movements of the British forces. By Bound-BrooTc, 
on the Karitan Kiver, and at the opening of the Valley 
of the same name, to 



BO TJTE NO. 13.— WESTERN, 207 

SdMERYiLLE, county seat of Somerset County, 
very handsomely situated, witii fine quiet scenery 
in the neighborhood, some copper and iron mines, 
and piuch general prosperity. [Connection by 
South Branch Boad to Flemington and Lamhertville.'] 
By other stations to the 

High Bridge, (or rather very long and high em- 
hankment) over the South Branch of the Earitan 
Eiver, with fine view in crossing, and large Iron- 
Works in the neighborhood, for railroad-founding. 
Very soon is reached 

Hampton Junction [connection with the Delaware, 
Lackawanna and "Western Railway, for the Delaware 
Water Gap, Scranton, the Coal Regions of Pennsyl- 
vania, and the Erie road at Binghampton.] By 
Bloomsbury and other stations, to 

Philipsburg, on the New Jersey side of the Dela- 
ware, with heavy iron-manufactures, and three 
bridges connectiog it with Easton, on the opposite 
side of the river. Also with important railway con- 
nections, for Central New Jersey, Philadelphia, and 
northward to the Delaware Water Gap and the 
Coal Regions. Crossing the river by bridge, the 
train reaches 

Easton, Pennsylvania, on the western bank of 
the Delaware, at the double junction of the Lehigh 
and the Bushkill, and one of t!ie most important of 
the coal and railway centres of the two adjoining 
States, with extensive mills, distilleries and general 
manufactures. It is also the seai (on an eminence 



208 8H0ET- TRIP Q UIDE. 

known as Mo ant Lafayette, at the east of the town) 
of Lafayette College, a flourishing and well-endowed 
institution, rapidly growing in influence. [Exten- 
sive raih^oad connection, apart from the line of route 
being traversed ; as in addition to that mentioned by 
both the New Jersey Central and the Delaware and 
Lackawanna to New York, it has also connection 
northward to the Water Oap and the Coal Kegions ; 
southward to Philadelphia ; the Lehigh Yalley 
road northward to Fittston ; the Lehigh Canal in 
the same direction ; and the Morris Canal through 
the State of New Jersey to Earitan Bay.] 

Leave Easton by Lehigh Valley road ; by Bethle- 
hem, pleasant town on the Lehigh river ; seat of 
Lehigh University ; and long celebrated as the prin- 
cipal abode of the Moravians, or United Brethren, 
in the United States. [Connection southward with 
North Pennsylvania road for Philadelphia, and 
northward for Scr anion and the Coal Regions.] 

From Bethlehem, by E. Penn. Junction [connec- 
tion with East Pennsylvania road] ; to 

Allentown, handsome town on high ground 
near the Lehigh river, with large iron and other 
manufactures, and much charm as a residence. 
Has Big Bock and several popular mineral springs 
in the neighborhood. Hotel: the American. [Con- 
nections, northward by the Lehigh Valley road to 
the Coal Regions and the Erie road ; westward by 
present route to Beading j etc.] 

AUentown, by East Pennsylvania road, to 



ROUTE JSrO. IZ.—WESTEBir. 20& 

Eeading, large and important mannfacturing 
town on the Schuylkill river, especially notable foi? 
mills, iron-furnaces and railroad work. It has a 
high and handsome sloping location, with a consid- 
erable eminence, Penyis Mount, near, command- 
ing fine view. It has a noble Court House ; two or 
three Churches of especial beauty ; and 3Iineral 
Springs in the neighborhood, with hotels of popu- 
lar resort. Leading Hotel (in th^ town), the Man- 
sion House. [Connection, northward, to Catawissa 
and Hazleton (Coal Regions), and southeast to Phil- 
adelphia, by the Philadelphia and Reading road.] 
Reading to 

Lebanon, on the Swatara Creek, county seat of 
Lebanon County, and a pro&perous town, with the 
most immense (Cornwall) Iron Ore Beds in the 
neighborhood, . known to exist in the world ; also 
Copper Ore in large quantities,, and Marble. Erom 
Lebanon to 

HAKKisBURa. (For notes on Harrisburg, see pre- 
vious Route, No. 12.) 

[Harrisburg to Fittshurg, as by Route Ho. 1^^ 
preceding ; whether for Chicago, Cmcinnati^ or St, 
Louis.] 

Division B. 

PITTSBURG TO FORT WAYNE. AND CHICAGO. 

[At Pittsburg, previous route, No. 12, may be 
pursued, from that point to Columbus and Cincin- 
natij with extension to St.^ Louis.; or other lines 



210 BMOHT-TBIP GTIIDB. 

pursued (see tliat route) northward to tlie Lakes, 
southward to the Baltimore and Ohio road, etc.] 

Leaving Pittsburg, for -Chicago or places on that 
line, by Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago road ; 
by Rochester (small town on the Beaver Creek — with 
connection southwestward, by Cleveland and Pitts- 
burg road, to Wheeling and West) ; by Homewood 
[connection northward for Neiocastle, etc.] ; by Lee- 
tonia [connection southward to New Lisbon, etc.] ; 
by Salem, very handsome small town, with fine sub- 
urbs, and manufactures ; to 

Alliance, important station [connection north- 
ward, by Cleveland and Pittsburg road, to Cleveland ; 
southward to Steubenville, etc.] From Alliance, by 
Canton and Massillon, handsome manufacturing 
towns ; by Orrville [connection northward to Akeon 
and Cleveland] ; by Mansfield, another handsome 
manufacturing town [connections northward to San- 
dusky, southward to Zanesville, southwestward to 
Dayton, Hamilton and Cincinnati] ; to 

Crestline, another important railway town. [Con- 
nections southward by the Cleveland, Columbus, 
Cincinnati and Indianapolis road, to Columbus; 
northward by the Sandusky road to Sandusky ; 
northeastward to Cleveland by the Cleveland, Co- 
lumbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis road ; north- 
westward to Toledo and Detroit by same road and 
connections]. From Gresilijie, hj Bucyrus, thriving 
village on the Sandusky Eiver ; by Forest [connec- 
tions north to Cleveland south to Cin^^m^.ati'] ; by 



UOtfTE SO. l^.^WESTERm 211 

Lima, manufactiiriug village on the Ottawa river 
[connections soutliward by Cincinnati, Hamilton 
and Dayton road, to Dayton and Cincinnati ; north- 
ward by the same road to Toledo and Detroit] ; by 
minor stations, to 

FoET Wayhe, Indiana, on the Maumee river — 
called the "Summit City;'' because it lies at the 
highest point of the water-shed. It is passed 
through by the Wabash and Erie Canal, and is an 
important railway centre as well as a manufacturing 
town of" promise. [Connections : northeastward to 
Toledo, Lake Erie and Detroit, by Toledo, Wabash 
and Western road; westward by the same road and 
connections, to Logansport, and thence to Peoria 
and towns of Central Illinois ; northward to the 
Michigan Southern road, at Waterloo, etc.] From 
Fort Wayne, by Columbia : by Warsaw ; by Ply- 
mouth [connection southward to Indianapolis, 
capital of the State, by Indianapolis, Peru and Chi- 
cago road] ; by Wanatah [connection southward by 
the Louisville and New Albany road, to Lafayette 
and to Louisville, Ky.] ; by Valparaiso, to that 
city which has furnished, both in fortune and mis- 
fortune, the best possible type of American capaci- 
ties in either direction, and which has been, and 
Rrill continue to be, quite as often in men's mouths 
ibs any other on. the Western Continent — . 



^13 SBOm-TRlP GZriDM 

C/HiCAGo, Illinois. 

Division G. 
CHICAGO AS IT WAS, HAS BEEN, AND IS. 

The history of the world furnishes no parallel to 
the change between the three conditions above 
named, in connection with the " Giant of the West" 
city of Chicago, an exaggerated type of the whole 
continent, in the " was," the " has been" and the " is." 

Up to the fa^ll of the eventful yea^r, 1871, Chi- 
cago stood, as it had been for thirty or forty years 
growing » up to be, the actual Queen City of the 
West, one oi the most important of the Union, and 
the greatest grain mart and depot of the world, as 
well as one of the most important railroad centres 
of the entire continent. It lay on the western shore 
of Lake Michigan, at near the southern boundary of 
that Lake, at the entrance of the Chicago river into 
it. It had its first white settlement in 1804, by Col. 
'John Kinzie ; and so late as 1830 contained only 
15 houses. It was incorporated as a city, seven 
years later, in 1837 — the population at that time 
being 4,170, In 1843 this had increased to 7,580 ; 
in 1847 to 16,859 ; in. 1850 to 23,269 ; in 1855 
to 80,023 ; in 1860 to 109,263 ; in 1865 to 178,539 ; 
•and in 1870 to the round figures of 300,000, while 
the suburban population was supposed to raise it to 
350,000. 

The site of the city was admirably, chosen, on 
;grou.nd sloping up from the Lake; and with the 



EO TTTE SO. 13.— WESTEBIT, 213 

Chicago River, dividing into two branches, running 
through the entire city, at once adding to commer- 
cial convenience and healthfulness. Numerous 
costly bridges and many tunnels made the con- 
nection across the rivers. The city was divided into 
20 wards, with nearly 800 streets. The river and 
the ship canals afforded many miles of excellent 
harbor, to which came vessels from all parts of the 
great lakes, with and for produce of every description. 
The grain warehouses were of such extent as to ac- 
commodate 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 bushels ; while 
the yearly exportation had reached to about 60,000,- 
000 to 65,000,000 bushels. It had also a most exten- 
sive trade in cattle and stock, the whole yearly num- 
ber handled, reaching 2,500,000 ; besides provisions, 
lumber, and transportation trade to immense 
amounts. "Within the last year or two, on the com- 
pletion of the Pacific Railway, Chicago had com- 
menced to import her teas and silks direct from In- 
dia, and was arranging a heavy trade in that direc- 
tion. There were several of the largest and finest 
railway-depots on the continent, to accommodate its 
immense connection as the very largest of the rail- 
way-centres. It had streets among the most ele- 
gant in the West, in Michigan, Wabash and other 
avenues : and many of the houses of residents were 
princely in their luxury. There were more than 
200 Churches ; 12 or 15 of the largest and finest 
of Hotels, some of them marvels of size and cost ; an 
Opera-House and 5 Theatres of good class ; an Uni- 



§14 SHORT-TRIP QVIDE, 

versity ; Medical Colleges, splendid public Parks 
and Cemeteries ; and a wilderness of scienti£c, 
social and benevolent institutions, second to none 
in the Western "World. In addition to this, and f 
feature unequalled elsewhere — a Tunnel had beer 
constructed to a Tower two miles distant in thf 
Lake, whence the water-supply of the city was de- 
rived. 

Such, hastily sketched, was the position of Chi- 
cago on the 8th of October, 1871. On the night of 
that day, a fire broke out at near the centre of 
the city, though in an older and wooden portion. 
A fierce wind made vain all efforts for staying the 
flames, which extended on every side, and event- 
ually acquired such force that buildiDgs considered 
fire-proof could not resist the heat five minutes 
when attacked. By the morning of the 10th the 
city was literally destroyed — the whole central and. 
business part of it entirely so. Some 10,000 build- 
ings were burned ; 500 to 1,000 persons are sup- 
posed to have lost their lives ; 50,000 to 75,000 per- 
sons were rendered houseless ; and the pecuniary 
Joss was estimated to have reached $200,000,000. 
Chicago, the Queen of the West, was no more— /br 
the time. 

A most gratifying spectacle of general benevo- 
lence, however, was exhibited, in connection with 
this great calamity, not only in all the cities of 
America, but in those of England and of all Europe ; 
and the extremity of suffering at once materially 



RO TTTE NO. 13.— WESTEBIT. 215 

relieved by contributions from all quarters, which 
not only smoothed the then painful present, but 
gave opportunity and hope for the future. Eebuild- 
ing was at once commenced with marvellous 
energy; and so rapidly was it continued, that within 
a year from the great catastrophe, more than two- 
thirds of the marks of the visitation were obliterated, 
public and private erections of more than the 
original splendor taking the places of those des- 
troyed, and the fact being made certain that within 
two years from the fatal 8th of October not a mark 
of the calamity would be visible, except in the 
absence of the trees and shrubbery impossible to be 
replaced within a limited period. 

It may even now be said, indeed, that Chicago, 
as a city, has entirely recovered from the shock 
temporarily prostrating it, spite of a second destruc- 
tive fire in 1874, — supplying quite its previous 
charm to the visitor, while an exceptional interest 
is found in the virtual death and marvellous resur- 
rection of the place of such varied fortunes. 

Among the objects of greatest interest in what 
the proud citizens call the " New Chicago," may be 
named the large and beautiful 

Lincoln Park, lying on the Lake Shore, north of 
the city, with charming drives along the Lake, a 
Zoological Garden, a Lake, Fountains, fine shade, 
and all the attractions for the corso and the prome- 
nade ; 

Union Park, in the West Division, older than 
Lincoln and more completely finished, with Laljes, 



M f^nORT-TRIP QVIDE. 

Foiintain3, Zoological collection, pagodas, a mnsic- 
payilion, and great popularity as a place of promen- 
ade and for the open-air concerts given every even- 
ing during the summer. There are also, of public 
grounds. Lake Parh^ only partially improved, but 
with wonderful location, running down tln^ Lake 
Shore, south of the city, to Hyde Park and Hyde 
Park House, favorite driving and bathing resort, 
at the southern extremity ; the South and West Side 
Parks, one day to be very extensive and beautiful ; 
Dearhorn, Jefferson, and other minor parks ; and 
Dexter Trotting Park, in connection with the great 
Stock Yards, at the west of the city. Principal 
Cemeteries, Graceland, Rose Hill, Calvary and Oak- 
tuoods, and the old Catholic, on the' Lake Shore, 
near Lincoln Park, with interesting marks of the 
Great Eire. Among other leading objects of interest 
are the 

Grea^ Stock Yards, lying at some distance west 
of the city, and among the most extensive and com- 
modious in the world, with Hotel, Bank, Telegraph- 
offices, and all other facilities (Dexter Park in con- 
nection) ; the 

Water Works, with their extensive and ingenious 
Lake connection, unparalleled on the continent ; 
the many Bridges, and the costly Tunnels for their 
avoidance ; the Chicago Biverj its port, and Lake 
shipping ; the great 

Grain Warehouses and Elevators, capable, of ^^on- 
taining and handling more grain than those ol ^?^y 
other city on the globe ; the very large and fine 



BOVTE NO. l^.—WMTEBN. 216^5 

Hallway Depots, of the many and extensive roads 
finding their centres or termini here ; the McCor- 
mick Eeaper Factory, largest in the world (Blue 
Island and Western avenues) ; Bridge Building 
Works of the American Company (Egan avenue); 
Union and other Foandries, Wagon Factories, &c. ; 
and many magnificent 

Mercantile Buildings, Banking Houses, &c., in 
which detail the rebuilt city far excels even its am- 
bitious predecessor, and rivals all others. The most 
notable among the new structures is the 

Chamber of Commerce, corner of Washington and 
La Salle Streets, considered one of the noblest and 
most complete buildings of its class in the world. 
Also may be mentioned the 

Exhibition Building, an erection of size and taste, 
standing on Michigan avenue and the Lake Shore, 
used for frequent exhibitions and as a Rink in 
winter. The Churches were many of them des- 
troyed, and are not as yet generally rebuilt. 

Of Streets, the most typical and best worthy of 
observation, will be found Michigan and Wabash 
avenues, State, Dearborn, Clark, La Salle, and Wells 
streets, running parallel with the Lake Shore ; and 
Jackson, Adams, Monroe, Madison, Washington, 
Randolph and Lake streets, crossing them at right 
angles, and extending across the city from the Lake. 

Prominent Hotels (most of them built since the 
fire and finished with lavish cost and great complete- 
ness) : the Grand Pacific, Gardner, Potter Palmer, 



2I6& SBORT-TBIP GXIIBK 

Brevoortj Tremont, &c. Theatres : Mc Viewer's, Aikef^s, 
Ilooley's, with a Grand Opera House, soon to be 
erected. 

[Among the widely-extended railway connections 
of Chicago, are the following of most importance: 
Northward to Milwauhie^ thence to Green Bay, and 
beyond, to the Lake Superior sections, by the Chi- 
cago and Northwestern road and its connections ; 
north-westward to Madison (capital of Wisconsin), 
Baraboo, Devil's Lake, Eau Claire, and Hudson ; 
and to St. Paul and the Falls of St. Anthony, by the 
game road and its connections : westward to Clin- 
ton and Cedar Rapids (Iowa), by the Iowa division of 
the same road; south-westward to Burlington (Iowa), 
and the Mississippi Kiver, by the Chicago, Burlington 
and Quincy road : southward to St. Lotjis, by the 
Chicago and Alton road; southward to Cairo (junc- 
tion of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers), and to St. 
Louis, by the Illinois Central road ; westward to 
Omaha, and thence to Salt Lake City and San 
Feangisco, by the Chicago and Northwestern, 
Chicago and Bock Island, and Chicago, Burlington 
and Quincy routes ; south-eastward to Cincinnati, 
by the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central 
road; eastward to Philadelphia and "New York 
by the Pittsburg, Fort "Wayne and Chicago road, — 
as also by Toledo, Cleveland and the Lake Shore 
road — as also (with all Canadian cities and connec- 
tions) by Detroit and the Grand Trunk Bailway of 
Canada. Also, steamers on the Lakes, to all impor- 
tant points, in the season.] 



ROUTE NO. 14.— WESTERN. 

CINCINNATI TO LOUISVILLE (MAMMOTH CAYE), 
NASHVILLE, CAIKOj ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO. 

Division A. 

CINCINNATI TO LOUISVILLE, NASHVILLE AND ST. 

LOUIS. 

Leave Cincinnati by the LouisYille, Cincinnati 
and Lexington road (from Covington — opposite side 
of the river) ; by Walton, Sparta, Lexington Junc- 
tion [connection southward for Lexington and Ash- 
land, old home of Henry Clay, near it ; and, by 
stage from Eminence, for Shelbyville] ; by Lagrange, 
and Ancliorage [connection with Shelby road], to 
Louisville. (Or, steamer down the Ohio from Cincin- 
nati, in the pleasant season). 

Louisville, located on the Ohio river, at the 
Falls and near the entrance of Bear-Grass Creek, is 
the largest and most important city of Kentucky. 
It is well located and shaded ; and the views of the 
Falls, from various points of the city, are much ad- 
mired. The most important trade of the city is in 
tobacco, of which it is one of the central marts : 
also extensively in flour, provisions, hemp, etc. The 
most interesting public buildings are the City Mall, 



218 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Court House, Custom House (with Post-office), Uyii- 
versity Medical College, Masonic Temple, Blind 
Asylum, the Cathedral, Si. Paul's Church, etc. 
Principal Theatre : theZouisville. Lieading Hotels ; 
the Louisville, and National. Principal Cemetery i 
Cave Hill, with many monuments of merit. At the 
opposite side of the river is Jeffeesonville, Indiana 
[railway connection to Indianapolis]. 

[It is from Louis viUe that detour may be most 
conveniently made to visit the 

Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, one of the most 
extensive subterranean passages in the world, and 
considered among the most interesting. Or, it may 
be taken on the way from Louisville to Nashville, as 
at- present to be considered]. 

Leave Louisville by the Louisville and Nashville 
road, to Cave City, whence stage or carriage, 9 miles 
to the Cave (or, steamer from Louisville, on the 
Green River, to within 1 mile of the Cave — thence 
on foot). A Hotel, the Cave House, affords facilities 
for stoppage, during the exploration, which may be 
brief, but must, for any approach to thoroughness, 
require days of interest and toil, always accompanied 
by a guide, and with lights and means of relighting, 
without either of which it is not safe to enter. Foi 
particulars of the chambers, passages, and various 
points of interest in this wonderful cave, which in 
believed to extend eight or nine miles back fi'om the 
entrance, dependance may be made entirely upoa 
the capable and instructed guides, procurable at tho 



no TJTE NO. U.—WESTBBN. 219 

iiotel or tlie entrance. Three other Caves — the In- 
dian, White's, and Diamond, may be found in the 
vicinity: the two former with peculiarly handsome 
stalactite and stalagmite formations, miniatures of 
those in the great cave. 

From Cave City (after return from the Cave) con- 
tinue route by Louisville and Nashville road ; by 
Bowling Green ; Ifemphis Junction [connection 
southwest for Hemphis and the Mississippi river] ; 
by Junction [connection northwest by Henderson 
road to Henderson, and Evansmlle (Ind. ) ; to 

Nashville, Capital of the State of Tennessee, 
and one of the most important cities of the middle 
southwest. It lies on the Cumberland river, on ele- 
vated ground, much of the city lying nearly or quite 
100 feet above the water level, and being considered 
very healthy. The most prominent building, the 
State Capitol, is considered one of the finest in the 
UnioD, having admirable legislative halls, splendid 
material of native marbles, a tower. State Library, 
etc. Other buildings of prominence are the Uni- 
versity, the City Hall, Lunatic Asylum, Peniten- 
tiary, etc. Theatres : the Nashville and Duffield's. 
Prominei^t Hotels : the St. Cloud and Stacey. 
Nashville has many handsome residences ; and the 
tone of its society is considered equal if not superior 
to that of any other city of the South. Yery near it 
may be visited the Hermitage, old seat of Andrew 
Jackson. [Extensive railway connections ; east to 
Knoxville; southeast to Stevenson; southward, by 



220 SHOBT-TBIP GVIDE, 

Nashville and Decatur and connecting roads, to 
Montgomery (Ala.), and thence to the Gulf Cities ; 
northward, by Evansville road to Vincennes and 
Terre Haute ; south-westward to Memphis by Nash- 
ville and North Western road, and connections ; 
north-westward to St. Louis, etc.] 

From Nashville, by North Western road, by Wav~ 
erley ; Johnsonville; McKenzie [connection south- 
westward, by Memphis and Louisville road, for 
Memphis, and for Little Bock (Arkansas) ; by Fa- 
dumh Junction [connection north to Faducah] ; to 

Union City, where connection is made with the 
Mobile and Ohio road. By that road to 

Columbus, on the Mississippi river ; with Bel- 
mont, Missouri, opposite, connecting the route just 
traversed with the St. Louis and Iron Mountain 
road to St. Louis. 

From Columbus the Mississippi maybe ascended, 
by boat, to 

Cairo, modern town, very low-lying, on the point 
formed by the confluence of the Ohio and the Missis- 
sippi, with costly levee against inundations by the 
river, and much prominence as a steamboat port of 
the Mississippi, vessels from and to all ports stop- 
ping here to land and receive passengers and freight 
Has some noble buildings ; among the best, the 
Custom House. [Kailway connection, from Cairo, or 
from Mound City, immediately above, with the Illi- 
nois Central Road, direct for Chicago. Or, steam- 
boat may be taken for St. Louis or any other point 



no TJTE NO. 14.— WESTERI^, 221 

on the Mississippi. Or, steamboat may be taken for 
Louisville or Cincinnati.] 

For St. Louis, from Bird's Point (opposite Cairo) 
to Charleston ; where the St. Louis and Iron Moun- 
tain road is taken. By GUn Allen, Marquand, and 
other stations, to Bismarck (where pause should be 
made, if time allows, to visit, by a spur of the same 
road. Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob and Ironton, with, 
some of the most extraordinary developments of 
richness in iron mines, on the continent.) Bis- 
marck, by Mineral Point [spur to Potosi] and other 
stations, to St. Louis. 

Division B, 

AT ST, LOUIS; AND BY TWO EOUTES TO CHICAGO. 

St. Louis, Missouri, is one of the largest and most 
important cities of the "West, focus of mercantile 
supply for a wide extent of country, virtual Queen 
of the Mississippi, and often spoken of as the point 
for removal of the National Capital. It lies on the 
west bank of the Mississippi river, at what is sup- 
posed to be about half-way between St. Paul, at the 
head of navigation on the Mississippi, and New 
Orleans, at the mouth of that noble river. It occupies 
elevated ground, though uneven ; has a veiy long ex- 
tent on the river, and an imposing appearance from 
it. It has wide streets, with good shade ; handsome 
parks ; substantial residences ; and one feature com- 
manding unmixed admiration, in the Leme at which 



223 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 

the most immense number of steamboats can 
at any time be seen lying, loading, discharging, 
arriving and departing, observable at any one spot 
on the globe. Front Street, along the Levee, is one 
of the finest of mercantile and warehouse streets in 
the Union ; while Washington and Grand Avenues, 
and Fourth Street, are among the most fashionable 
. thoroughfares. 

St. Louis is singularly rich in Parks ; the most 
notable being Lafayette, Hyde, Laclede and Gravois 
. Parks, in the outskirts ; Washington and Missouri, 
and smaller squares ; with Tower Grove only par- 
tially completed, to contain more than 3,C00 acres 
and rival the Fairmount at Philadelphia. The Fair 
Grounds are also very beautiful and perfect, as well 
as popular, with an Amphitheatre for spectators, esti- 
mated to accommodate 80,000 to 90,000 persons ; and 
Shaw's Gardens (botanical) are the very finest on 
the continent. The Principal Cemeteries are the 
Belief ontaine and the Calvary. 

Among the Buildings best deserving attention, 
are the Custom House, Third Street ; the Courl 
House, Fourth Street ; Temple of Justice, Clark 
avenue ; Arsenal ; Merchants' Exchange, Main 
street ; Masonic Hall, Market street ; and some ol 
the innumerable Hospitals, Asylums, Educational 
Institutions, and Roman Catholic Convents. AmoBg 
Churches, the Catholic Cathedral, Walnut street, 
takes the lead ; followed by St. George's, (Epis.) 
Locust street ; First Presbyterian^ Fourteenth 



EO JJTE NO. 14.— WESTERN. 223 

street ; Church of the Messiah, (Unitarian) Oliver 
street, etc. Theatres: De Bar's Opera House, Olym- 
2nc and Varieties. Prominent hotels : the Lindell, 
Flaniers, Laclede, &c. 

Other objects of interest at St. Louis : the Steel 
Bridge, not long since completed across the Missis- 
sippi, from the Illinois shore to Washington Ave- 
nue, for railroad and general use, and having the 
reputation of being one of the world's master-works 
in bridge-erection ; the magnificent Union Depot, 
accommodating all railroads centering in the city, 
and being among the largest and most commodious, 
as well as most important, on the continent, — with 
Tunnel leading to it from the western end of the 
Steel Bridge ; and the Oity Water WorJcs. 

[Connections from St. Louis : by rail, east to In- 
dianapolis by the St. Louis and Terre Haute road, 
and to Cincinnati and eastward by the Ohio and 
Mississippi road ; southeastward to Tennessee Cities 
by the route just traversed ; south to New Orleans 
and the Gulf by the Mobile and Ohio road; west to 
Jefferson City, to Topeha, and other towns of Kansas, 
by the Pacific and Missouri road ; northwestward 
to St. Joseph, Omaha, and the Pacific Kailroad for 
{^alt Lake City and San Francisco, by the same and 
St. Joseph roads ; north to Chicago and the Lakes 
and Canada, and south to Cairo and New Orleans, 
by the Illinois Central and Alton roads. In addi- 
tion, steamboat communication to all navigable points 
on the Mississipi^ij the MiSiSouri and Ohio rivers*] , 



324 SROBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Leave St. Louis by Chicago, Alton and St. Louis 
road ; by Alton, loftily located at just above the 
junction of the Missouri and Mississippi Kivers, 
with grand and notable scenery at that point, and 
much general charm in situation [connection east- 
ward to IndmnapoUs by the Indianapolis and St. 
Louis road] ; to 

Speingfield, capital of the State of Illinois, 
a thriving and handsome town standing on the 
margin of a wide and fine prairie. It has a very 
handsome Capitol, State Arsenal, Court House, Cus- 
tom House, etc. ; extensive Water Works, on the San- 
gamon Eiver ; and will always enjoy an additional 
celebrity as the residence and burial place of Abra- 
ham Lincoln, a noble monument to whom marks his 
tomb in Midge Cemetery Hotel : the Leland House. 
[Connection westward to Quincy, and eastward to 
Logansport and Fort Wayne, by the Toledo, Wabash 
and Western road.] 

Springfield to Bloomington, capital of McLean 
county, and a laige town of much commerce and 
many manufactures, besides having the great engine- 
shops of the Chicago and Alton Company. [Con- 
nection south westward to Jacksonville; west to* 
FeJcin ; southeast to Champaign and the Illinois 
Central road.] To Chenoa [connection west to 
Peoria ; east to Warsaw and Logansport] . By other 
stations to Joliet, large and thriving town on the 
Des Moines river, with State Penitentiary of noble 
construction, immense fine building-stone quarries 



EOTITE Wo. U.— WESTERN. 225 

near, valuable water-power, and extensive trade and 
manufactures. [Connection west to Rock Island, 
by tbe Cbicag^o, Rock Island and Pacific road.] 
Joliet to Chicago. 



Or, leave St. Louis by the Illinois Central road 
(St. Louis and Chicago Through Line), to East St. 
Louis ; thence to Greenville, Vandalia (see Division 
F., Route 12, pp. 205 A and B) , Effingham, MaU 
toon, Tolono, Champaign, Oilman, Calumet, etc., across 
one of the richest ranges of the great prairie lands 
of Illinois, to 

Chicago. 

(For notes on Chicago, see Route No. 13, Division 

c.) 



iiOUTE No. 15 -NORTHERN AND WESTERN, 
(SEMI-SKELETON.) 

BUFFALO TO CLEVELAND AND CHICAGO, BY LAKE 
SHOKE ROAD. 

Leave Buffalo by Lake Shore road ; to Dunkirk^ 
on Lake Erie, terminus of lower branch of the Erie 
road [connection eastward to Salamanca, for the Oil 
Begions.] Dunkirk to 

Eeie, (Pa.), on the shore of Lake Erie^ with fine 
harbor (a IT. S. Naval Station); Court Mouse and 
other good buildings ; extensive iron rolling-mills, 
and the connection of the Erie Extension Canal 
with the Ohio Biver and Beaver Canal. Hotel : the 
Beid Souse. [Connection southeast to Corry and 
the Oil Regions]. By Girard [connection south-- 
ward to Pittsburg] ; and Painesville to 

Clevela-np (Ohio) on Lake Erie, with harbor 
at mouth of Cuyahoga River, heavy lake shipping 
trade, much prosperity in business aspects ; and so 
pronounced a shaded beauty, especially in the fine 
elms lining its wide streets, that it bears the name 
of the " Eorest City." It has a Medical College : a 
Marine Hospital ; several handsome Churches ; a 
splendid Union Railway Depot, of great size ; Monu- 
mental Park (with monument to Commodore Perry) ; 
Woodlawn Cemetery ; noble Water Works ; and 
many other attractions* [Connections southeast to 



ROUTE NO. l^.—NOnTHEnN AND WESTERN. 22? 

Pittsburg and Wlieeling ; south to Coshocton and 
Zanesville; southwest to Colicm'bus, Cincinnati, etc.] 

From Cleyeland, by Olerlin (seat of the celebrated 
*' Oberlin College," which admits blacks as well as 
whites) ; by Monroeville [connection northward to 
Sandusky] ; by Clyde [connection south to Cixciii?"- 
NATi] ; Fremont, etc., to 

Toledo, on the Maumee Eiver, near Lake Erie, 
with considerable lake trade (principally in grain), 
much domestic commerce, many handsome build- 
ings, rapid progress, great educational facilities, and 
an almost matchless location as a railway centre. 
Hotels: Oliver House, Island House, Americaii, 
and St. Charles. [Conections : southeast to Clyde 
and (opening) to Wheelmg ; South to Lima, Dayton 
and Cincinnati ; southwest to Logansport, Spring- 
ield (111), the Mississippi river, and St, Louis; 
northward to Detroit and the Canadian lines ; etc.] 

From Toledo, by the Michigan Southern and 
Northern Indiana road; by Adeien (Michigan), 
with water-power ; some manufactures ; repair-shops 
of the railroad- diyision; a handsome Soldiers' Mon- 
ument, and many attractions as a residence. Hotel : 
the Laiurence House. By Hillsdale; Jonesville 
[connection south to JFort Wayne] ; Sturgis [con- 
nection north to Grand Haven and south to Fort 
Wayne] ; Wliite Pigeon [connection north to Kala- 
mazoo] ; Elkhart [junction with Air-Line of same 
road, to Toledo] ; South Bend and Laporte ; to 

Chicago. (For notes on Chicago, and conneo 
tions, see preyious route, No. 13.) 



ROUTE NO. 16.-N0RTHERN iSEMhSKELETON). 

ITEW YOIIK OR PHILADELPHIA TO THE LACKA- 

VTA.^^X COAL EEGIOKS, AND THE OIL CEEEK 

OIL EEGIOKS. 

E'ew York, by the !N"ew Jersey Central road to 
JIampton Junction (see Eoute ISTo. 13) ; to 

Manunlcaclmnlc (New Jersey). 

Or by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
road — Morris and Essex Diyision from New York: 
from foot Barclay Street to Hoboken; thence by 
rail, by Orange [connection to Newaek] ; by Madi- 
S071, location of Drew Theological Seminary; by 
M0RRIST0Wi^r, thriving town of New Jersey, and 
capital of Morris County, on the "Whippany Creek, 
with handsome residences, a "Washington's Head 
Quarters" and other Hevolutionary remains; by 
Boonion, Bochaivay and Dover, all towns in the iron- 
region, with extensive iron mills and foundries ; by 
Chester, Drakesville, Stanhope [connection by stage 
or boat to Lahe Hopatcong and to Budd^s Lahe] ; 
by Waterloo [connection north to Newton, by Sussex 
road] ; by IlacTcettstown, handsome town of Warren 
County, with flouring mills and a Methodist Epis- 
copal Seminary of eminence [connection by stage to 
Schooley^s Mountain (see Excursions from New 
York) ] ; to Washington, At Washington connect 



ROUTE NO. \Q.-^NOBTHERN. 229 

with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western road, 
and by that road to MamcnJcachunJc, 

Or, from Philadelphia, by the Northern Pennsyl- 
vania road, or the Belvidere Delaware road, to 
Easton ; thence to Mammlcacliuiih, 

Manunkachunk to the Delaware Water-Gap (see 
Excursions from New York). TVater-Gap to 
Stroudsiurg, (Pa.), and by several minor stations 
to 

ScRANTON (Pa.), important heavy-manufacturing 
town, and great centre of the coal operations of the 
Lackawanna district. In brief excursions from 
8cranton, locally directed, may be observed all the 
details of mining and transportation, of the immense 
coal trade and the iron trade accompanying. [Con- 
nections southwest to Pitiston and Wilkesbarre; 
north to Great Bond and the Erie road ; east to 
Cardondale, Honesdale, etc]. Scranton to 

Pittston, another important coal centre. Pitts- 
ton, by Rupert [connection southward with the 
wildly-grand Catawissa road, for Reading, etc.] ; by 
Milton and other stations, to 

WiLLiAMSPORT, Capital of Lycoming County, on 
the Susquehanna river, with much industry and 
miscellaneous business, and the most extensive 
lumber trade of any town in America. Among the 
curiosities of the place, is the Great Tiniber Boom 
in the Susquehanna, capable of holding millions of 
logs at a time ; the many saw-mills and other lum- 
l>er works. There are also extensive Black Marble 



230 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Quarries in the neighborhood. Hotels : the Her die, 
Craiuford, City, and American. 

From Williamsport by the Philadelphia and Erie 
road; by 

Lock Haven", another great lumber centre, also 
with immense Timber-Boom, saw-mills, etc., and 
fine scenery in the neighborhood. Hotels : the Ful' 
ton, Irving, and Montour. Lock Haven, by Benovo, 
Emporium, Wilcox and other stations ; to 

Irvineton, whence should be taken the Oil Creek 
and Alleghany road, to Tidioute, Oleopolis, Pitliole, 
Oil Gity^ Titusville, or any of those great oil centres, 
from which short excursions, locally directed, can 
be made with most profit and satisfaction. Thence 
to Corky, for Salamanca and the Erie road, going 
east ; or for Erie and the Lake Shore road^ for the 
north or West 



. ROUTE NO. U -CANADIAN AND WESTERN. 

K"IAGARA FALLS, BY HAMILTOl^ AKD LOlTDOiq" TO 

DETEOIT AND CHICAGO, BY GREAT WESTERK 

AKD MICHIGAN" RAILWAYS. 

Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge), by rail 
on the Great Western road of Canada ; by TJioroli 
{crossing of tlie Welland. Canal around tlie Falls 
of Niagara), to 

St. CatJiarin^Sy pleasant small town, favorite as 
a residence, and with Mineral Springs of much cele- 
brity. Thence by Grimsby, lying near the shore of 
Lake Ontario, to 

Hamilton, on Burlington Bay, at the extremo 
western end of the Lake, with very handsome coast- 
scenery in the neighborhood ; a magnificent Imrbor, 
with heavy lake trade and line fishing ; and tho 
town itself very prettily laid out, with elegant resi- 
dences and other buildings, well shaded and attrac- 
tive. Very fine views are to be obtained from the 
Moxintaii^ where also stands Dundrum Castle, 
erected by Sir Alkn McNab, when Governor-Gen- 
eral ; and there are many favorite resorts in the 
neighborhood, among others the Beach, Oaklands, 
Flarnborougli Heights, etc. Prominent Hotels : the 
Anglo-American and City. [Connection eastward 
{Hamilton Jtmction) with the Grand Trunk Rail* 



233 ' SHOBT-TMIP OUIDE. 

way for Toronto and all tlie Eastern Canadian cities ; 
also., by boat on the Lake, for Toronto and th.e same]. 
Hamilton to Dundas, with many manufactures and 
much fine scenery at and near the Desjardinea 
Canal, here commencing; to Harrishurg [connec- 
tion northward to Berlifi, Guelph, and the Grand 
Trunk roadj ; to 

Paris, a thriving town, with important water- 
power and manufactures, at the junction of the 
Grand and JSTith rivers, with mineral springs and a 
petrifying spring in the neighborhood [connection 
northwestward to Goderich and Lake Huron, and 
southeastward to Dunville and Buffalo, by Gode- 
rich and Grand Truiik road]. Paris to 

LoKDQK, considered the m-etropolis of South 
Western Canada — with handsome location, streets 
well laid out and shaded, costly buildings, and all 
the attractions for residence. [Connection north- 
ward to St. Mary's and the Grand Trunk road ; 
southward to Port Stanley, on Lake Erie, with boat 
connection to Buffalo]. London, by Komolca 
[connection westward to Petrolia (oil-centre), and 
Port Sarnia, at the entrance of the St. Clair river 
into Lake Huron] ; and by Glencoe ; to 

Botlhtoell, principal town of the Canadian oil- 
regions, in the neighborhood of which those who 
have not visited the Pennsylvania oil-sections, may 
derive a very good idea of the petroleum wells and 
processes. 

Bothwell to CJiatJiamj with the distinction of very 



ROUTENO.Vt.— CANADIAN AND WESTERN. 233 

large percentage of negro population. [Connection 
with Detroit, by steamers down the Thames river 
and across Lake St. Olair to Detroit river], Chatham 
by unimportant stations to 

Wi:n'dsor, very old town on the eastern ^de of the 
Detroit river, with many French peculiarities and 
but moderate prosperity. From Wmdsor, ferry, car- 
rying over cars on boats, to 

Detroit, Michigan, lying on the ,west bank of 
the Detroit river, etraib connecting Lake St. Olair 
with Lake Erie. This is the largest city of the State ; 
one of the oldest in any of the "Western States, and 
one of the most wealthy and influential of all. The 
city front extends along the river at great length, 
with most of the location elevated, and the streets 
well shaded and broken up into many small parks 
and public grounds. The most important of the lat- 
ter is the Grand Circus, park and promenade, from 
which radiate many of the finest avenues; among 
others, Woodioard, Jefferson, etc. There is also a 
large Plaza, called the Camjms Martinis, around 
which are grouped many of the finest buildings in 
the city. Without the town, the favorite public re- 
sorts are Fort Wayne, on the river, three miles from 
the city; Belle He, Grosse Poi7ite and Grosse Tie, 
more distant. The principal Cemeteries are Elm- 
wood and Woodlazun. 

Among the prominent buildings in the city, are 
the Michigan Central Freight Depot, of immense 
fiize and costly construction, with the great Loco^ 



2S4 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

motive Round House and Grain Elevator, near it ; 
the Custom House (with Post Office) ; the Opera 
House; the Board of Trade Building, etc. The 
most notable churches are St. Paufs (Epis.), with 
the peeuUarity of a roof without cohimns; Ghrist, 
St. JoJm^s and Grace (all Epis.) ; Fort Street Fres- 
lyteriaji; Oentral (Meth.-Epis*) ; St. Feter and St. 
Faul (Oath.); St. Anne^s (Oath.), with very line 
choir; etc. Detroit has also elaborate Water-Yv^orks; 
large manufacturing and lake-shipping interests, 
in grain and proyisions, etc. Theatre: the Opera 
House. Proniinent Hotels: The Russell, Biddle^ 
and Micliirjan Excliange. / 

From Detroit may be Tisited, north, Lalce St. 
(flair, with many attractive features in scenery ; and 
southward, the Fut-in-Bay Islands, below the mouth 
of the Detroit riyer, in Lake Erie, near which occur- 
red Commodore Perry's yictory in 1813 ; now famous 
as bathing and fishing resort, etc. [Boat from De- 
troit to Kelly^s Island, largest of the group^eyery day 
during warm season.] 

[Eailway connection from Detroit : north to Port 
Huron, foot of Lake Huron: northwest to Sarfinata^ 
Wc/iona, etc. ; west to Kalamazoo, etc. ; east by route 
just traversed, and by Toledo and Lake Shore road ; 
west to CniCAGO, etc., as see route to be pursued. In 
addition, it has steamboat communication on Lake 
Erie to Bupfalq and other ports ; and to all ports 
o-n Lake Huron and Michigan.] 

Leave Detroit by Michigan Central road, by Jj> 



ROUTENOAl.—GANABIAMAmJWESTEBN'. 235 

silanti) pleasant small town of Michigan, seat of the 
State Normal School ; thence (along the Huron 
Eiyer), to 

AifK Arbor, handsome large town, on elevated 
plateau, with fine shade and many handsome build- ' 
ings; and seat of the University of Michigan, an 
institution of wide influence, with varied courses, a 
fine Observatory, etc. Hotel: the Gregory House, 
By Dexter and Chelsea to 

Jacksoj?", large and thriving town, with many 
manufactures, an important coal-trade from mines 
in the immediate neighborhood, and seat of the 
Michigan State Prison, [Connections, northward 
to Lansikg (capital of the State) ; southward to 
Adrian and Toledo, etc.] From Lansing, by Parma, 
on the Kalamazoo river; by Albion (seat of Albion 
College, of the Meth. Epis. Church) ; by Marshall 
(large paper manufactories, and railway repair- 
shops) ; to Battle Creek, manufacturing town, 
especially with extensive flour-mills [connections 
north to LAjq'Sii^G, and south to South Bend, etc.] ; 
to 

Kalamazoo, largest town in the State, after De- 
troit. It is a thriving manufacturing and commer- 
cial town, with much shaded beauty and many 
handsome residences; and the seat of a Baptist 
College and the State Insane Asylum, Hotels : the ^ 
Kalamazoo and Burdich. [Connections : northwest 
to Grand Haven and Lake Michigan ; also to Grand 
Rapids ; southeastward to Fori Wayne, etc.] From 



236 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

Kalamazoo, by Lawton (with extensive iron works) ; 
Niles, small town of commercial and industrial im- 
portance on tlie St. Joseph River; Neio Buffalo and 
Micliigan City (both modern towns, on the immedi- 
ate shore of Lake Michigan) ; to 
Chicago. 



ROUTE NO. 18-NORTH'WESTERN iSEMI-SKELE- 

TON.) 

.CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL (mII^N.) AKD FALLS 03? ST. 

AKTHOiTY; WITH OPTIOi^AL EETUKi^ DOWIT 

THE MISSISSIPPI OR BY LAKE SUPEEIOE. 

Leave Chicago by the Chicago, Milwaukie and St 
Paul Eailroad ; by Waukegan; Kenosha [connection 
"west to Genoa, Eockford, etc.] ; Racine [connection 
west to Elhhorn and Freeport]-, to Milwaukie. (Or 
by Chicago and N. W. Eailroad, or daily steamer 
on the Lake.) 

Milwaukie, commercial capital of the State of 
Wisconsin, one of the largest cities of the northwest, 
considered very handsome and attractive as a resi- 
dence, and so healthful in reputation, as to have 
originated the jest that "people are obliged to go 
away from Milwaukie, when they wish to die ! '• Ho- 
tels: the Flank mto7i, Walker, and I^eiuJiaU. [Connec- 
tions, northwest to Horicon, Fortage City, etc.; 
southwest to Milton, Janesville, etc.] 

Leave Milwaukie by the Milwaukie and St. Paul 
road ; Waiikesha and Palmyra, famed for their min- 
eral springs and attractive resorts ; by Waterfown 
[connection north to Horicon^ northwest to Portage 
City, etc.]; to 

Madisok, capital of the State, and a very thriving 
and handsome town, with the Capitol, U^iiversity of 
Wisconsin, many other local attractions, and the 



238 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

notably-beautiful Four Lakes in the immediate 
neighborhood. [Connections southeast to Chicago, 
by the Chicago and North-western road ; and to 
Plymouth, Beloit, etc., by the Madison division of 
the same road]. Madison, by many minor stations, 
to 

Prairie du Chien", important town on the Mis- 
sissippi river, with a considerable river-trade, many 
steamboats making stoppage, and prairies in the 
neighborhood, as the name indicates. By ferry 
to 

IIcGregor, small town on the opposite side of the 
river ; where the route by rail is continued. By 
Colmar [connection westward to Charles City and 
the Missouri river] ; to Austin [connection south- 
ward by the Burlington and Cedar Kapids road, to 
Cedar Rapids^ Burlington, and the Mississippi] ; to 
Ramsey [connection west with Southern Minnesota 
road] ; to Owatona [connection west for ManJcato, 
St. Peter, etc.] ; by St, Paul and Mendota Junctions 
[connection southwest to Ma7ilcato,\ etc. ; to 

St. Paul, capital of Minnesota, and the largest 
town in the State ; on the Mississippi river, at the 
virtual head of navigation ; with State Capitol ; State 
Reform School j St. Joseph's Academy (Catholic) ; a 
Bridge of great length, over the Mississippi ; Carver's 
Gave and Fountain Cave in the immediate vicinity, 
etc. Theatre: the Opera House, Leading Hotel: 
the Merchants', [Connections: north to Dulutli, 



ROUTE NO. 1^.— NORTE -WE8TEBN, 23t 

on Lake Superior ; northwest to SL Cloud ; west to 
Brechenridge; southwest to St. Petei" and Manlcato; 
southeast to Milioauhie and Chicago, by route just 
traversed; also southeast to Red Wmg, and Lake 
Pepin. Also by steamer to all Mississippi ports, 
St. Louis and New Orleans.] It is from St. Paul 
that visit will be paid (short ride by carriage, by 
Fort Snelling) to the 

Falls of Minnelialia, very beautiful small fall of the 
Minnesota river, made famous by Longfellow in the 
poem of the same name, with the Indian derivation, 
"Laughing Water." Also_wiil be visited, by rail 
from St. Paul, the 

Falls of St. Anthoyiy, and Minneapolis, formerly 
St. Akthokt, a few miles above. The town is a 
thriving one, at the actual head of navigation of the 
Mississippi, with State Universityy and connection 
by bridge with Minneapolis, The Falls, though 
with very mean surroundings, are grand, especially 
in the feature of Eapids, and show to best advan- 
tage by moo7ilight. 

From St. Paul descent of the Mississippi may be 
made, by steamboat, by Red Wing (Minn.) ; La 
Crosse (Wis.) ; Prairie dii CMen (Wis.) ; DuMque 
(Iowa) ; Galeim (111.), centre of the lead-trade; Bav- 
enport (Iowa) ; Roch Island (111.) ; Burlington 
(Iowa); Nauvoo (111.), original seat of the Mor- 
mons ; Keohuk (Iowa) ; Hannibal (Mo.) ; Alton 
(111.), and many other interesting river ports, with 
stoppages, to St. Louis for the South or return east- 
ward. 



240 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 

Or, northern route may be taken, leaving St. 
Paul by the T^ake Superior and Mississippi road, 
to 

DuLUTH, ne^w but- important town at the extreme 
southwest point of Lake Superior, with good harbor, 
heavy lake trade and rapidly increasing prosperity, 
Hotel : the Clarh House. At Duluth, steamer to be 
taken (depending on local direction for the most 
reliable particulars) on Lake Superior, to the Oiito- 
nagon (Jopper Region, on the south shore of that 
Lake ; thence to the Marqicette Iron Region, on 
the same shore; thence to the Pictured RocJcs, also 
on the same shore. Thence route may be continued, 
through the Saidt St. Marie (Strait) into Lake 
Huron, and to Bay City for rail to Detroit; or to 
Detroit by boat direct ; or to Godericli, foT return 
by rail through Canada ; or through the St. Clair 
River and Lake, and the Detroit river, to Lake Erie, 
for Toledo, Cleveland, Erie, or Bufpalo, on that 
Lake. 

[Another popular route from Milwaukie to the 
North- West is as follows: From Milwaukie, by the 
Chicago, Milw^aukie and St. Paul Road, by Water- 
town, Portage, Tomah (connection to Grand Rapids 
and lumber region), Sparta (noted mineral springs), 
Winona Junction, over the Mississippi River at La- 
, crosse, by fine scenery of Upper Mississippi, by 
Winona, passing Red Wing, to Minneapolis and 
St. Paul.] 



ROUTE NO. 19.-CANADIAN. 

KIAQARA FALLS TO TOEONTO, OTTAWA, MOKTEEAL, 
QUEBEC, AND THE SAGtrEl?"AY KIYER ; BY 

gran"d teunk eailwat, akd boat- 
go:n"kectioks. 

Division A 

NIAGAEA FALLS TO TOEOiq-TO AKD OTTAWA. 

Leave ISTiagara Falls (Suspension Bridge) by Great 
Western Eailway, by Tliorold, to St. Catliarine^s (see 
Route JSTo. 17) ; and to 

Hamilton (also see Route No 17.) 

From Hamilton, continuing by Toronto branch of 
Great Western Railway, at near the upper coast of 
Lake Ontario, by Gahville and other stations, to 

ToEONTO, most populous city of the Western prov- 
ince (Ontario), and one of the handsomest in Am- 
erica, though excelled in size by many. It lies on 
the Northern shore of Lake Ontario; is well laid out 
and finely shaded ; and has one thoroughfare, Yonge 
Street, actually extending northward as an unbroken 
drive, the whole distance to the foot of LaTce Simcoe, 
some 35 miles. Among the prominent buildiugs is 
the Universiti/ of Toronto, a noble structure with 
lofty tower, and fine park surrounding. Scarcely 
second is Osgoode Hallj the law-court building, with 



^43 8E0RT-TRIP GUIDE. 

the distinction of not only being one of tlie most 
tasteful in the world for legal purposes, outside, but 
one of the most completely and tastefully arranged, 
within. There are also the Exchange., Provincial 
Liinatic Asylicin, Trinity College., Normal ScJiooly 
etc., all worthy of visit Of the many Churches, 
three have especial prominence: the Vathedral of St. 
James (Epis.) ; that of. St. Micliael (Catholic) ; and the 
(new) Wesleyan Church. Prominent Hotels: the 
Rossin House, and the Queen^s. Those who have 
abundant leisure, should make the drive before 
spoken of, to LaTce Simcoe, with wild beauty; those 
with less time will find drives through some of the 
main avenues, and along the shore of the Lake, 
amply repaying them. 

[Connections by rail, north to Lake Simcoe ; west 
to Guelph, Berlin, and other towns on the Grand 
Trunk road. Also, by boat with Niagara Falls, by 
Lewiston and rail along the Niagara Eiver. Also, 
by daily boat along Lake Ontario and down the St. 
Lawrence River to Moi^teeal. Also, to ports on 
the New York side of the Lake.] 

From Toronto by the Grand Trunk Eailway ; by 
Frenchman! s Bay, Bowmanville and other stations, 
to 

Port Hope, pleasant little town, on the Lake, with 
hill suburbs and some lake-trade. [Connection 
northwestward to Beaver ton, on Lake Simcoe ; and 
with Lake ports, by boat.] Port Hope to 

Cdloiirg, important station as well as handsome 



ROUTE NO. l^.^GANADIAK 

town, with fair trade, a pleasant residence, and the 
seat of Victoria College (Wesley an). [Connection 
northward to Peterhoro and Rice and Salmon Trout 
Lakes.] Cobourg, by CoThorne (not to be con- 
founded with " Port Colbourn," on the Great Western 
road) ; by Trenton (on the little river Trent) ; by 
Belleville^ pleasant small town on Moira riyer (actual 
inlet from the Lake) ; by Napanee, Collins' Bay and 
other stations; to 

EiKGSTOiT, very old town at the entrance of the 
St. Lawrence river, and once capital of Canada; 
with very heavy fortifications, in Fort Henry and 
several other works; seat of Queen^s College Uni- 
versity, the Eegiopolis Gatliolic College, Provincial 
Penitentiary. Hotel : the Britisli American. Cape 
Vincent, on the ISTew York shore, lies opposite. 
[Steamer connection from Kingston up the Lake to 
Toronto, down the Lake to Montreal and other 
ports. Also, by Rideau Canal, with Ottaiua, From 
Cape Yincent, by rail to Watertoivn, and thence to 
Borne and other points on the ISTew York Central 
road.] 

From Kingston, by Gananoque and Mallory 
Toion, to Bkoceville, a town of pleasant location 
and some commercial importance, on the St. Law- 
rence river [connection northward to Carleton Place ^ 
Arnprior, etc.; and from Carleton Place, by Canada 
Central road, to Ottawa]. Brockvilie to 

Prescott (Junction), small town, principally of 
transit importance, also on the St. Lawrence. [Con- 



244 8H0BT-TBIP QUJODE. 

nections, north to Ottawa, as see route to be pur- 
sued ; east direct to Montreal, continuing by Grand 
Trunk road ; across the river to Ogdenslurg, on the 
ISTew York side, whence connection south to the 
iSTew York Central road and towns on that line, by 
the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg road, for 
southward ; or eastward by Ogdensburg and Cham- 
plain road to Rouse^s Pointy Lake Ohamplain and 
8t. Albans for all Eastern States], 

From Prescott, by St. Lawrence and Ottawa road, 
through a region comparatively unbroken, but with 
many features of -beauty in natural scenery, to 

Ottawa, Capital of the Dominion of Canada. It 
lies on the Ottawa river, and on the Rideau Canal^ 
running to Lake Ontario at Kingston. The scenery 
in the district is somewhat wild and untamed, but 
very picturesque ; and in the immediate neighbor- 
hood may be witnessed some of the most extensive 
operations in the rafting and sawing of lumber and 
timber, on the whole range of the continent. The 
Ghaudiere Great Falls (of the Ottawa) lie within 
the city proper, at the west, are some 200 feet in 
width by 40 in depth, and have many features of 
grandeur; while the ZiY^Ze i^rt?^5, handsomer though 
smaller, lie at the east. The Rideau Falls, at the 
northeast, and the Remoux and De CJieyne Rapids, 
some miles above, are all worthy of visit and 
notice. 

The feature of Ottawa is of course to be found in 
the Parliament Houses and government buildings 



EO UTE WO. l^.—GANADIAK 245 

connected. They are of native stone, lately 
erected, at great cost, and truly magnificent in 
size, design and arrangement — promising, "when 
fully completed, with their grounds, to be worthy 
of the Dominion and command great admiration. 
The respective Cliamlers of the Senate and House 
of Commons are of the same size as those at West- 
minster Palace, and quite as handsomely finished; 
and there is an immense Library, not yet finished, 
to be capable of accommodating half a million vol- 
umes. They stand at the height of an elevation 
known as " Barrack Hill," forming the apex of the 
higher ground on which the Upper Town is built, 
being divided from the Lower Town by the Eideau 
Canal and its handsome stone bridge. The Queen^s 
Printing House, near the Parliament Houses, the 
CatlioUc Cathedral, and other prominent buildings, 
demand attention. Leading Hotel : the Russell 
House. [Connection west to Carleton Place and the 
Brockville road ; and to Prescott, Ogdenshurg, etc., 
by the route just traversed. Direct railway along 
the Ottawa river, to Moktkeal, in course of con- 
struction]. 

.DivisiQii B. 

OTTAWA TO AKD AT MONTREAL. 

Leave Ottawa by mornmg boat on the Ottawa 
river ; with fine view, soon after leaving, of the 
Rideau Falls, on the right; and not long afterwards, 
the entrance of the Gatineait River, tributary of 



246 SHORT-TRIP GUIDR 

the Ottawa, into that river, the largest on the Conti- 
nent, after the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence, and 
very picturesque throughout, though with a beauty 
untamed. Various minor landings are made, before 
reaching 

L'OEiGi:tNrAL ; at which point, if time allows, the 
tourist should lie oyer for one day, to visit the 

Caledonia Sjorings, nine miles distant, the heal- 
ing qualities of which have made them very cele- 
brated, with capacious hotel, and the presence, in 
summer, of a very large number of the best known 
people of fashion and condition, in the Dominion. 
Eeturn to Z' Original, 

From L'Original, whether with or without hav- 
ing visited the Springs, the course is pursued by 
boat, down the Ottawa, to 

GnEJifviLLE (with Haiuhesbury opposite, with large 
saw mills) where the boat is left and a land ride of 
twelve miles taken (the Long SauU Rapids making 
navigation impossible) ; to 

OAKiLLOisr, at the lower end of the rapids, where 
another boat of the line is taken. It is worthy of 
remark that from Ottawa to this point, the middle 
of the river has been the dividing line between the 
two provinces of Ontario (west) and Quebec (east) ; 
but that here the line leaves the river, striking 
southward to the St. Lawrence, and the course is 
taken entirely in that of Quebec. 

Among the next prominent objects of interest fol- 
lowing, is the Mountain of Eigaud, looming high 



nOUTE IsO. l^.-^VANABIAIT. 247 

on tlie southern bank, above the rough and wooded 
shores. Several minor landinsfs are made on this 
portion of the river, after leaving which it expands 
into the 

Lalce of tlie Tiuo MGuntains^ with the two moun- 
tains giving its name, rising on either side, one of 
them, Calvary, being held sacred by the Indians, 
l^ot long after, is reached 

St. Axk"e's, rendered so celebrated by Moore, in 
the ^' Canadian Boat Song." At; this point Mont 
Royals, the height above Montreal, comes into view. 
The boat is taken through locks, at St. Anne's, to 
avoid the rapids, coming out into the 

Lalce St. Louis, in which the Ottawa for the 
first time joins the St. Lawrence. Landing from tho 
boat is made at 

Lachike, where cars of the Grand Trunk Eail- 
Way are taken to 

Montreal, the largest and most prosperous city 
of the British Possessions in ISTorth America ; Me- 
tropolitan See of the English Church in Canada, 
and scat of a Catholic Bishopric. It lies on rapidly 
rising ground, on the island of the same name, with 
the St. Lawrence immediately in front. Back River 
forming the sound behind it; and the mountain 
which gives it name, Mount Eoyal, also rising 
grandly at the back. There are few and unimpor- 
tant fortifications, {St. Helenas Lsland being the 
principal); but the town has usually been garri- 
soned, being considered the military key of the 



248 SEOBT-TEIP GUIDE. 

Dominion. TliG population of Montreal is won- 
drously mixed, there "being many streets, in the higher 
and newer parts of the town, in which the English 
and Scotch elements entirely predominate, with 
many of the features of an English city ; while in 
the older and lower parts of the town, many of the 
streets are still called "Eues," and the prevailing 
architecture, language and manner are all French? 
of not too refined an order. There are now fine 
quays along the riyer ; costly and elegant residences 
have rapidly increased in number, stretching back 
towards Mount lioyal ; and the commercial impor- 
tance and prosperity of the iN'orthern Metropolis 
have quite kept pace with its growing luxury. 
Among other evidences of its prosperity has been 
the establishment of the fine Allmi line of Steamers 
to Liverpool and Glasgow, coming to Quebec and 
Montreal during the open season, and to Portland 
in the winter. 

First among the edifices of Montreal, comes the 
fJatlioliG Cathedral of Notre Dame^ standing on the 
Place cVArmes, in the centre of the old city, and so 
large that it is accredited with containing 10,000 
people without difiSeulty. It is Gothic in architec- 
ture, with two tall towers, commanding a magnifi- 
cent view from the top ; and within, it has many 
of the features of European churches of the same 
faith. Clirist Churcli Cathedral (Epis.) and ^S'^. 
Andreiv's Church (Episcopal) rank next; and the 
Church of the Jesuits^ with some fine pictures, is 



EOUTS NO, 1^.— CANADIAN. 249 

much visited and admired. Of public, commercial and 
other buildings may be especially noted the Court 
House, one of (he best on the continent; the Banlc 
0/ ilfo?iif?'ea?, near the Cathedral ; McGill College^ at 
tli3 foot of Mount Eoyal; Bonsecours Market, on 
the quay, with large dome and excellent internal 
arrangements ; St. Patriclc's Hall, Victoria square ; 
the AWert Buildings, same place ; Doviinion Block, 
McGill street, etc. There are three Nunneries, always 
exciting more or less attention among visitors, and 
to which admission is often granted; the Grmj, 
(lately removed) ; the Black, Notre Dame street ;■ 
and the Hotel Dieu. Notre Dame and Great St^ 
James Streets may be named as the most fashionable 
promenades; and St. Paul Street as the leading 
commercial. The principal Cemetery is Mount Roijal, 
on the mountain of that name, around which, also, 
is the most fashionable drive of the city. There is a 
handsome Nelson Monument at the Place Jacques 
Oartier. Theatre: the Montreal. Leading Hotels* 
St. Lawrence Hall^ the Ottawa, the Montreal, etc. 

Many excursions of interest can be made from 
Montreal, but the most indispensable one is that 
to 

Tlie Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence, at 
Point St. Charles, order to inspect which can be 
obtained from the officers of the Grand Trunk Eail- 
way, near the entrance. It is one of the immense 
enterprises of later times, with no less than 23 spans 



250 8E0BT-TEIP GUIDE. 

of 242 feet each, a centre one of 330 feet, 
and a total length of two miles. It is tubular, on 
the plan of the great bridge over the Menai Strait, 
in Wales ; was bnilt by Eobert Stephenson and A. M. 
Eoss ; and opened by the Prince of Wales during hia 
American visit, in August, 1860. 

Another very pleasant excursion, for those reach- 
ing Montreal by rail, is to take rail to LacMne, and 
thence return to the city by boat Down the LacMne 
Rapids, with excellent idea thus obtained of that 
feature of the St. Lawrence. 

[Connections fioin Montreal : westward to Otta- 
wa, by the route just traversed ; eastward to Que- 
bec, by the Grand Trunk road (from St. Lambert) ; 
southward to Bouse^s Point, and thence to all points 
in the Eastern and Middle United States, (from La 
Prairie). Westward by steamer on the St. Law- 
rence and Lake Ontario, to Toronto and leading 
Lake ports ; eastward by steamer on the St. Law- 
rence, to Quebec and the farther East. By Allan 
line of sea-steamers to Halifax, Liverpool and 
Glasgow,] 

Division C, 

MONTEEAI/ to AKD at QUEBEC, WITH EXCURSIOI^S 

Leave Montreal (from Bonaventure Station), bji 
train on the Grand Trunk Eailway; across the 
Victoria Bridge at Point St. Charles ; by St. Lani' 
bert, St. Hyacinthe, and other stations, to 



ROUTE NO. 1^.— CANADIAN. 251 

EiCHHOKD, important railway station and point 
of intersection. [Connection, south-eastward, by 
Portland Division of the Grand Trunk road, to. 
Island Pond', and thence to Gorham for the White 
Mountains and southward, or to Portland and 
connections for Boston and the east.] 

From Eichmond, by the Quebec branch of the 
Grand Trunk road; by Aethabasca [connection 
northward, by Bulstrodey to St. Gregoire, on the 
St. LaV/rence river, and Three Rivers (Canada)]; 
by Blade River and other stations, to 

Point Levi [continuatioa of line eastward, to 
Riviere dio Loupl. From Point Levi, ferry across 
the St. Lawrence, to 

Quebec, metropolis of the Province of the same 
name ; important military station, w^ith very strong 
fortifications; and with as important historical 
interest as any city on the American continent. It 
[ies on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, with ex- 
ceedingly picturesque location, being divided into 
the Upper and Lower Towns, with the very strong 
fortifications of the Upper Town crowning the whole ; 
and the Citadel of Cai^e Diamond, being considered 
Qext in strength in the world to Gibraltar and 
Ehrenbreitstein. From the city proper, the suburbs 
of St. Iloch and St. John extend along the river St. 
Charles to the Plains of Ahraliam, on the Heights 
of the same name, rendered ever-memorable by the 
battle fought there between the English Gen. Wolfe 
and the French General Montcalm, in 1759, with 



S53 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 

tlie deatli of both the commanders, but the total de- 
feat of the French, and the final capture of Quebec 
and destruction of the French power in the prov- 
ince. The spot where Wolfe fell, near an old re- 
doubt at the highest point, is pointed out to tourists, 
who have even a more singular interest in seeing 
the skull of Montcalm, exhumed not many years 
ago, now preserved in the Ursuline Convent. The 
joint Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm is .to be 
found in the PuUic Garden^ on Des Carrieres street. 
At the foot of the Citadel is a tower, where the Am- 
erican General Montgomery fell in the assault on 
Quebec, in 1775. Ascent from the Lower to the 
Upper Town is made by a very steep and winding 
street, through the Prescott Gate, by which also the 
fortifications may be reached on the St. Lawrence 
side. The Plains may be entered by the 8t. Louis 
Gate, nearly opposite. The View from the Citadel, 
over the city, the St. Lawrence and the opposite 
shore, is a truly magnificent one and not to be omit- 
ted by any one with an eye to the picturesque. 

Among the most notable Buildings of Quebec, 
may be named the Parliament House (rebuilt when 
the city was still expected to remain the Capital) ; 
the very la.Tge Artillery BarracJcs ; the immense and 
fine Roman Catholic Cathedral ; the Ursuline Con 
vent and Church, with attractive gardens ; the En 
glish Cathedral (modern and noble); St. Andrezu^s 
Church J the very old church of JVotre Dame des 
Victoires, in the Lower Town; as also, in the Lower 



ROUm NO. Id.—CAWAJDIAN, 253 

Town, tlie Exchange, Custom House, Marine Hos- 
pital, Post Office, and many of the most extensive 
commercial establisliments. It is worthy of remark 
that Quebec, even more than Montreal, has a large 
French admixture, and that in some of the quarters 
many of the lower Parisian dwellings and habits 
may be seen duplicated. Among the principal 
streets are St. Louis j D^Aiito-uil (near the Espla- 
nade, with many fine residences) ; St. Louis Road 
(from the Gate of the same name); St. Peter 
(Lower Town) — commercial. Principal Cemetery: 
Mt. Hermon, elevated and handsome. Leading 
Hotels : the St. Loins and Russell House. 

[Connections: south westward to Richmond and 
MO]S"TREAL, by route just traversed; southward b^' 
the same route, by Richmond, to Island Pond^ 
PoRTLAJ^D, the White Mountains, etc. ; eastward to 
the Riviere du Loup. Also, by boat on the St. 
Lawrence, to Mokteeal, etc.] 

Of short Excursions from Quebec, the most im- 
portant are those to the Falls of Moktmorekci, 
noble broken cascade, with fine surrounding scenery, 
reached in drive from the city, through Beaupori 
(seat of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum) j to Lor cite, 
a famous Indian Village, very popular for tourists, 
and with a world of Indian goods for sale ; to Ca2)e 
Rouge (" Carouge "), with fine river scenery ; to the 
River and Falls of the Ghaudiere, below the city (by 
Point Levi) ; to Lalce St. CJiarles, with fine scenery 
and good angling. Something longer is that to the 



254 SEOBT'TBIP GUIDE, 

Falls of St. Anne, which may, however, be taken in 
connection with those of Montmorenci, 

Division D, 

QUEBEC TO EIVIEEE DU LOUP AKD THE SAGUEKAY 

KIYER. 

Leaye Quebec by rail, by Point Levi, along tlie 
south shore of the St. Lawrence, by Chaudiere 
Junction, St. Thomas^ Ulslet and other stations, to 
Riviere dii Loup. 

Or, better, if time will allow the additional day: 

Leave Quebec by one of the steamers of the Cana- 
dian ISTavigation Company (usual trips twice a week : 
timely reference on this point to be made at the 
hotel of stoppage, at Quebec.) Eirst object of inter- 
est, the large Island of Orleans, in the St. Law- 
rence immediately below the city, with consid( rable 
prosperity. The Falls of St. Anne (before referred 
to), and Lahe St. Charles, celebrated for fine f rout- 
fishing, are both passed, at some miles below, tl: ough 
of course not visible from the boat. The first land* 
ing is made at 

MuREAT Bay, on the north shore, pleasan b vil- 
lage and attractive watering-place, much resorij-Dd to 
by Canadian families, and with good accomodc'don. 
Going on by steamer, an hour and a half latrr is 
readied 

EiviERE DU Loup, on the southern side of thQ 
now rap idly- widening St. Lawrence — terminus of 



ROUTE NO. l^.-^CANADIAN. 255 

the easternmost branch of the Grand Trunk road. 
[Connection by rail, southwest to Clicmdiere Jtmc- 
tio7i, for Quebec; or thence to Richmond, for 

MOKTKEAL, or south to Isla7ld POJld for POETLAIfD 

or the White Mountains]. [From Riviere du Loup, 
visit is paid, by stage, to the favorite watering- 
place of 

Cacouna, with fine bathing, fishing, and mucli 
fashionable resort.] 

Leaving Riviere du Loup, again by steamer, 
the St. Lawrence is recrossed, to the entrance of 
the 

Sagueijay Rivee, with scenery of such grand 
and stupendous wildness as is seldom encountered 
on either continent ; the almost perpendicular cliffs 
at many points, and the great height of the border- 
ing hills, combining with the darkness of the water, 
the frequent waterfalls, and the general aspect of 
wild desolation, to awe as well as enrapture. At 
very near the entrance of the river is passed the 
very old village of Tadoussac; and not long after, 
the little cove containing a fishing station, called 
L'Ance a VEau, The next points of interest 
reached,, are the two frightful over-hanging cliff- 
mountains. Cape Eternity and Ca2)e Trinity, be- 
neath which, from the apprehension that they may 
fall at any moment, the tourist has no wish to re- 
main for any long period, while the water seems 
black as ink, from the shadows. Statue Point and 
the Tableau are other points of special interest, ap- 



g56 BEOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 

proaching Ha Ha Bay, a beautiful village, amid 
softened scenery, where the route terminates. 

Eeturn by steamer to Riviere die Loup, whence 
rail to Quebec, or to Cliaudiere Junction forpro- 
eeeding southward. 



ROUTE NO. 20-GAtUDIAN. 

NIAGARA PALLS TO TOEONTO, MOKTEEAL AIN"!]* 
QUEBEC, BY STEAMEES ; WITH DIEEC- 
TlOl!^ TO OTHEE CITIES OF BEITISH 
POSSESSIONS. 

' Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge), by 
train to Letuiston, small town on the American 
shore of the Niagara Eiver (Queenston, larger 
town, on the Canadian side, opposite, with monu- 
ment to the British G-eneral Brock, killed there in 
battle in 1812). 

At Lewist'on take Toronto boat (twice daily), on 
the Niagara river, with stop at 

NiAGAEA (Village), place of embarkation for 
other passengers from Falls by rail on the American 
side. Immediately below Niagara are passed Fori 
Niagara, on American side, and Fort Massasauga, 
on Canadian. Soon after, passing from the Rivei 
into Lake Ontario, with short sail to 

Toeonto (See Route No 19). 

At Toronto take Royal Mail steamer for Montreal 
(every day, in connection with boat and train). 
Several hours' sail along the Lake, with shore-views, 
principally north — to 

Kingston. (See Route No. 19). 

(Or, leave Niagara by rail, as in Route No. 19, to 



258 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Hamilton, Toeokto and Kingston, first taking boat 
here, at very early morning or afternoon). . 

At Kingston the Lake narrows to become virtu- 
ally the St. Lawrence Eiver, though, still very wide, 
and called the '' Lake of the Thousand Islands/^ as 
containing the celebrated 

TJiousand Islands, said to number nearly twice as 
many, and certainly studding the stream very thick- 
ly, in rough-tree-crowned, wild and picturesque 
beauty — there really seeming, at times, to be diffi- 
culty in finding passage between them. 

Leaving the Lake of the Thousand Islands, en- 
tering the St. Lawrence proper, passing Ogdenslurg 
on the American side, and Prescott, on the Cana- 
dian (connection to Ottawa — see Koute No. 19),-^ 
are soon entered the 

Rapids of the St. Lawrence, among the most ex 
tended and notable to be found in any river on tho 
globe, and some of them startling to the inexpe- 
rienced who mark the rapid rush of the water and 
the sharp inclination of the boat, at the worst mo- 
ments; though the amount of danger involved, 
with good boats and the inevitable skilful pilot- 
age, must be almost nothing, as accidents are liter- 
ally unheard of. The difierent Eapids follow each 
other in the succession named : the Gallopes (4) ; the 
Plate ; the Be]}leau ; the Long Bault ; the Coteau ; 
the Cedars (considered by many the finest ) ; the 
Cascades; and the Ladiinc (shortest of all, but 
more sensational than any of the others). Im- 



ROXITEN'O.20.—GANADIAK 259 

mediately after passing the Lachine, is in sight, and 
soon after reached, 

Montreal. (See Koute I^o. 19). 

From Montreal (eyery eyening) by boats of the 
Richelieu Company, making the whole passage dur- 
ing the night (little interesting scenery offering), 
and landing in the morning at 

Quebec. (See Route Ko. 19 ; as also for excur- 
eion to Riyiere du Loup and the Saguenay Riyer). 

SKELETON S0UTE3 TO OTHEIi TOTTXS OF BRITISH 
POSSESSIONS. 

IIalipax, Capital of ISToya Scotia. Reached by 
steamers of the Allan line, from Montreal or Port- 
land ; or by packet-steamer or rail from Portland ; 
or from St. John, K B., by steamer to Windsor, 
N". S., and rail thence to Halifax. Hotels : the 
Waverley, Stewarfs, Halifax, and International, 

St. JoHiT, !N"ew Brunswick. From Boston, by 
steamer, or from Portland by rail. From Halifax by 
rail and steamer, by Windsor, N. S. Hotels : Wav- 
erley and Stut'6s\ 

Frederictox, Capital of ISTew Brunswick. From 
Boston, by steamer to St. John's, and rail, or rail 
from Portland. 

Wiis'DSOii, ISToya Scotia. By rail from Halifax. 

SiDKEY, Cape Breton. By boat from Halifax. | 

Shediac, I'Tew Brunswick. By rail from St. John,' 
N. B. ; also by steamer from Quebec. 

Charlotte Towiq-, Prince Edward's Island. By 



260 BnORTTRlP GUIDE. 

rail from St Jolin, IST. B., to Shediac, IT. B. ; tlience 
. boat. 

PiCTOU, Nova Scotia. By rail from St. John, 
,N". B., to Sliediac, !N". B. ; thence boat. 

Bathuest, Kew Brunswick. By boat from She- 
diac ; also trom Quebec. 



ROUTE NO. 21. FAR-WESTERN iSEMhSKELETON.) 

CHICAGO TO OMAHA, SALT LAKE CITY, SAK FRAl^- 
CISCO, BIG TREES AHD YO-SEMITE VALLEY, 

Division A, 

CHICAaO TO OMAHA, BY OPTIOlfAL KOUTES. 

By Chicago and North- Western road. 

Leave Chicago By Chicago and North-Western 
road, to 

Junction [connection north-westward to Madi- 
sok; westward to Dunleith and Dubuque]. Junc- 
tion, by Geneva and other stations, to 

Dixon [connection northward to Freeport; south- 
ward to Bloomington, Sprikgfield, Alton and St, 
Louis j. By other stations to 

Sterling [connection south-westward to Rock . 
Island] ; to 

CLiNTOJf, on the Mississippi Eiver, entering the 
Stat« of Iowa [river connections north and south. 
Connections to Dubuque, McGregor, Prairie du 
Chien and Lacrosse]. Clinton, by various stations, 
to • 

Cedar Rapids, railway centre on the Cedar 
Eiver. [Connections, northeast to Dubuque ; north 
to Waterho^ Austin and St. Paul; south to Bur- 
lington and Keohulc\. Cedar Rapids, by various 
other stations, to 



2G3 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. 

Marshall, [connections northward to Mason City, 
Austin and St. Paul ; sontliward to Ottumwa, Keo- 
huh, &c.] J to Boone, thriving town and coal centre^ 
to 

GRAi;rD JuKCTioK [connection north to Fori 
Dodcje]. Grand Junction, by many other stations, 
through the Valley of the Des Moines, to 

MissouEi Valley Junctiok. [Minor connec- 
tions north to 6'^ow^ City; westward by California 
Junction, across the Missouri Eiver to Fremont and 
the Union Pacific road, for California and the Pa- 
cific coast]. By other stations to 

OouKCiL Bluffs, on the eastern side of the Mis- 
souri Eiver. [Connections north to Sioux City, &c. .; 
south to Nebraska City (by branch), LiKCOLiir, 
Capital of Nebraska, St. Joseph, on the Missouri 
Eiver, &c]. From Council Bluffs, bridge-transfer 
(railroad), to Omaha. 

By Chicago and Roch Island road. 

Leave Chicago by the Chicago and Eock Island 
road; by Englewood [connections eastward to all 
cities on the Michigan Southern and Lake Shore 
■roads; southeastward to Fort Wayne, Pittslurg, 
&c.]. By other stations to 

JoLiET, large town on the Des Moines Eiver, 
with State Penitentiar}^, extensive stone-quarries^ 
&c. [Connections, eastward to Michigan Southern 
and Lake Shore roads ; southwestward to Blooming- 



ROUTE im. ^1.— far-western: 263 

ion and Springfield; also by Canal with Chicago]. 
By other stations to 

La Salle, flourishing town and coal centre on 
the Illinois river. [Connections, north to Mendoia 
and Freeport, south to Bloomi7igton and Spriin'G- 
FiELD, by Illinois Central road ; also by steamer to 
St. Louis]. La Salle, by Bureau [connection south- 
ward to Peoria] ; by Pond Creekj and other minor 
stations to 
Rock Island, important town on the Mississippi, 
_ with extensive manufactures and river trade. [Con- 
nections northeast to Freeport^ etc. ; southeast to 
Peoria; south to Alton and St. Louis; also by 
steamboat to St. Louis]. Erom Eock Island, by 
bridge over the Mississippi, to 

Davejtport (Iowa), large town on the western 
bank of that river, with water-power, manufactures, 
Grisiuold and other Colleges, an Opera House, etc. 
[Connections, substantially same as Sock Island]. 
Davenport to WUton [connection southwestward to 
Muscatine, Washington, and the Kansas Pacific 
road]; to Moscoiu [connection, by Ashland, wi^h 
Des Moines Valley road] ; to 

West Lilerty [connection south to Buklii^gtok" ; 
north to Cedar Rapids, etc.] ; to 

loica City, on the Iowa river, formerly capital of 
the State, and now with State University, manu- 
factures, etc. By other stations to Grituull, seat of 
iowa College [connections north to Mason City, 



gG4 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

etc.; south to Ottumwa, etc.] By other Btatioas 
to 

Des Moikes, capital of the State of Iowa, thriv- 
ing mannfactiiring town and coal centre, at th© 
confluence of Des Moines and Raccoon rivers, with 
magnificent State House in conrse of erection. [Con- 
nections, northwest to Fort Dodge and Sioux City ; 
southeast to Ottuimua, Keohuh, etc. J Des Moines^ 
by Dexter, Casey j Atlantic, and other stations, to 

Council Bluffs and Omaha. (See Chicago and 
Northwestern route over the same distance, imme- 
diately preceding.) 

By Cliicago, Burlington and Quincy road. 

Leave Ohicj^go by the Chicago, Burlington and 
Quincy road, by Aurora, on Fox river j by Mendota^ 
agricultural and manufacturing town, seat of Men- 
dota College, and of a Wesleyan Seminary [connec- 
tion south to Bloomington, etc., north to Freeport, 
etc., by the Illinois Central road] ; by Princeton, 
Galva ; by Galeslurg, seat of Knox and Lombard 
Colleges [connection south-eastward to Peofia, etc.]; 
by Monmouth, to 

BuKLiKGTOK, on the Mississippi river, one of the 
largest and most important towns of Iowa, with fine 
river scenery, extensive commerce, by river and other- 
wise, seat of Burlington University (Baptist), and a 
great railway centre, [Connections very general; 
principally by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
road and its branches ; and Mississippi river may be 



ROUTE No. ^X.—FAR WESTERN. 26S 

ascended to Roch Island., Duluque, etc., or descended 
to St. Louis, etc.] 

From Burlington by the Iowa Division C. B. & Q. 
road, by the important stations of Ottumiua [con- 
nections north to Cedar Rapids, southward and east- 
ward to St. Louis, etc.] ; Chariton, Osceola, Creston, 
Red Oah, Pacific Junction, etc., to 

CouiNTCiL Bluffs and Omaha. (See Chicago and 
North Western route.) 

Division B, 

'^MAHA TO OGDE:!^, SALT LAKE CITY, AND 8AJT 
FRAKCISCO. 

Omaha, Nebraska, on the western side of the 
Missouri river, opposite Council Bluffs, well located, 
and unprecedentedly rapid in growth, though de- 
riving its principal importance from the great Pacific 
transit through it, and the commercial supply of a 
wide section, making it the central point between 
Chicago and San Francisco. Communication with 
Council Bluffs by ferry boat, and by the magnificent 
iron bridge now crossing the Missouri. [Connec- 
tions : (besides the routes just traversed) south-east 
to Ottumwa, Keohuk, Burlington & St. Louis by the 
Chic, B. & Q. road ; north to California Junction 
and Sioux City ; south to St. Joseph, Kansas City, 
and ToPEKA, capital of the State of Kansas ; &c.] 

[Before proceeding westward from Omaha, on the 
great Pacific Eoute, a few observations are worthy of 



2C6 8H0RT-TBIP GUIDE. 

notice. First, no apprehensions of the length of 
the road need be entertained, as to anything more 
than easily-endurable fatigue — the road, through- 
out, from Omaha to the Pacific, being thoroughly 
well laid, a large proportion of it straight and level, 
and the moderate rate of speed making the motion 
smooth and easy, so that reading, writing, card- 
playing, conyersation or eating (if lunch is carried), 
are all practicable and easy throughout. Second, to 
secure the full charm of the route, berths in the 
Pullman Sleeping Carriages, advisable elsewhere, 
are almost indispensable for the night-and-day 
travel on the Union Pacific road, as are the Silver 
Palace Oars of the same character correspondingly 
necessary beyond Ogden, on the Central Pacific 
road» The cost of using these coaches, with freer 
room and greater privileges by day and comfortable 
sleeping-accommodations by night, will be found 
but a trifle added to the price of tickets (only $8.00, 
Omaha to Ogden ; 16.00, Ogden to the Pacific) ; and 
no wiser additional outlay can be made, as no more 
complete luxury can be found in any line of travel. 
TJiird, the trains stop at convenient stations for 
meals, which will be found good enough for all 
practical purposes, and many excellent ; though 
parties of several persons will probably add to their 
comfort by taking lunch-baskets, prepared food, and 
what drinks they may prefer, and having tables set 
for them in the cars, at leisure, by the stewards or 
porters. Foxirtli, at some portions of the long nde 



ROUTE No. 21.— FAB WESTEBN. 267 

tbere is always dust, and linen or other dusters (wraps) 
are indispensable; while the same stout clothing 
needed nearly all the year at San Francisco and 
ether places on the immediate Pacific coast, is often 
found pleasant at that point of the route which 
crosses the Eocky Mountains. Fifth, to the intel- 
ligent and observing, the ride is by no means monot- 
onous, at least on the first crossing — the infinite 
variety of scenery making such monotony impos- 
sible. The first few hours from Omaha show the 
Prairies, in perfection, with an absolute level, fer- 
tility, though without wood, the Platte river on the 
left, and a sea of living green; the second day 
changes the prairies to the Plains, with less fertility, 
some blufis, and low river scenery; while, also on 
the second day, the snow-crested Rocky Mountains 
are seen, the route of travel roughens, and the 
mountains themselves are crossed ; to these succeed 
the High Plains of Laramie ; then the Desert, with 
rocky bluffs ; then the Wahsatch Mountains, gener- 
ally snow-crowned, and the grand scenery of Echo 
and Weber Canons, penetrating through them, to 
Ogden (with its detour of Salt Lake City). Beyond 
Ogden occurs, first^ grand scenery on the left, of the 
Wahsatch, the Great Salt Lake, etc.; then succeed 
the Great American Desert, with its characteristics 
of desolation indicated by the name — the Valley of 
the Humboldt, with some approach to fertility — 
followed by the Great Nevada Sandy Desert, more 
desolate than any preceding, but curious in its 



SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

bluffs and rock-formations. Then follow the noble 
and wild scenery of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, 
nearly always snow-crowned, the tremendous passes 
over and around the summits of those mountains, 
with nearly forty miles of snow-shedS;, views of the 
^reat gold-mining sections and operations, the thril- 
ling descent of the Sierras, to the English-looking 
and fertile plains of California.] 

The following table shows all the stations between 
Omaha and San Francisco, on both the Union and 
Central Pacific roads, with the distances from 
Omaha, and the altitudes of all points above sea- 
level. Those in capitals are the more important 
stations; and in notes following, and marked by 
reference letters (a, d, c, etc.) will be found some of 
the notable features of the route, the connections, etc. 
General eating-stations are designated, in the notes, 
by the initials " G. E. S." 



Distances 

from 
OMAHA. 


STATIONS. 


1 




OMAHA DEPOT 


966 


4 


..... Summit Siding 


1142 


10 


Gilmore a 


976 


15 


Papillon . » 


973 


29 


Eikhorn b 


1150 


35 


Valley 


1130 


47 


, . . , Fremont c o 


1176 


54 


Ketclium 


1270 


63 


North Bend d 


1359 


69 


Rogers 


135^ 



ROUTE NO. 21.^FAB WESTERN. 



269 



Distances 

from 
OMAHA. 


STATIONS. 


i 

.2 
t 

o 


76 


Schuyler 


1335 


84 


Richland 


1440 


93 


Columbus e 


1432 


99 


Jackson 


1470 


109 


Silver Creek 


1534 


121 


Clark's 


1610 


182 


Lone Tree 


1686 


142 


Chapman's 


1760 


148 


Lockwood 


1800 


154 


. GRAND ISLAND e\ 


1850 


162 


Alda 


1907 


172 


Wood River 


1974 


183 




2046 


191 


Kearney f , 


2106 


201 




2170 


212 


Elm Creek 


2241 


221 




2305 


230 

240 


Plum Creek g 


2370 
2440 


250 


Willow Island 


2511 


260 




2570 


268 


•. . Brady Island * 


2637 


278 




2695 


285 


Gannett 


2752 


291 


NORTH PLATTE i 


2789 


299 


Nichols 


2883 


808 




2976 


815 


i Dexter 


3000 


822 


Alkali 


3038 


332 


Roscoe 


3105 


842 




3190 


851 


Brule 


3266 


361 




3325 


869 


Barton 


3421 


877 




3500 


387 


Chappel 


3702 


897 




3800 


408 


^ Colton 


4023 



270 



SHOUT-TRIP G UIBK 



OQ . 

« O 



414 
423 
433 
443 
451 
463 
473 
484 
496 
508 
516 
523 
531 
536 
543 
649 
558 
564 
570 
573 
581 
587 
602 
606 
638 
645 
656 
662 
669 
675 
680 
688 
690 
704 
709 
716 
723 
730 



STATIONS. 



.....SIDNEY k... 

Brownson . . . 

....... Potter 

Bennett 

.Antelope 

Buslmell. . . . 

.Pine Bluffs, W. T. 

Egbert 

.. . . Hillsdale m. . . 

Archer 

...CHEYENNE n. 

Hazard .... 

Otto 

. . . Granite Canon . 

Bnford 

Sherman o . , . 

Harney 

Red Buttes . . . 

Fort Saunders. 

....LARAMIE i).. 

Howell 

Wyoming . . . 

. . . Cooper's Lake. . 

, Lookout 

Como 

. . . Medicine Bow . 

Carbon q 

...... Simpson 

... . . ..Percy r 

Dana 

St. Mary's s. .. 

Walcott .... 

Fort Steele 

. . — Grennville . . . 
. ...RAWLINS... 

Summit . . . . 

Separation . . . 

, Fillmore .... 



ROUTE NO. 21.— FAB WESTERN. 



271 



Dietances 1 
from 1 
OMAHA. 


STATIONS. 


§ 


737 


, Creston t . . t 


7030 


744 


Latham ^ 


6900 


753 


Wash-a-kie 


6697 


761 


Red Desert 


6710 


775 


, Table Rock 


6890 


785 


Bitter Creek 


6685 


794 


Black Buttes. 


6600 


798 


Hallville 


6590 


805 


„ . .Point of Rocks 


6490 


817 


Salt Wells 


6360 


825 


Baxter 


6300 


831 


Rock Springs 


6380 


839 


Lawrence 


6300 


845 




6140 


858 


Bryan '»..... 


6340 


867 


Marston 


6345 


876 


Grrano-er , 


6370 


887 


OhuTch Buttes w 


6317 


896 


Hampton - 


6500 


904 


..Carter x. 


6550 


913 


„ Bridger 


6780 


928 


Leroy 


7133 


937 


Piedmont ... ..^. 


6540 


944 


Aspen 


7835 


950 


Millis 


6790 


614 


Miser 


6810 


623 


Rod?; Creek 


6690 


630 


Wilcox. 


7033 


957 


EYANSTON, Utah y... 


6870 


986 


Wahsatch 


6879 


975 


Castle Rock s 


6290 


983 


Hanging Rock 


5974 


991 


"Echo 


5315 


999 


Weber Quarry 


5350 


1007 


Weber. .* , 


5130 


1015 


Peterson 


4963 


1019 


Devil's Gate 


4870 


1024 


.Uintah 


4560 



372 



SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 



DlBtances 

from 
OMAHA. 


STATIONS. 


g 

1 

o 

3 


1032 


OGDEN aa 


4340 


1040 


Bonn eville 


4310 


1055 


Corinne bb 


4294 


1073 


Blue Creek 


4360 


1084 


Promontory cc 


4943 


1092 


Rozel 


4600 


1105 


Monument dd. 


4290 


1123 


Kelton ee 


4500 


1139 


Matlin 


4821 


1153 


Terrace. «■ 


4450 


1178 


Lucin 


4400 


1187 


Tecoma, Nevada 


4600 


1197 




4800 


1206 


Lorav 


5409 


1215 


TOANO ff. 


5964 


1227 


Pequop , . 


6180 


1236 




6U5 


1251 


, Wells ciQ 


5650 


1259 




5418 


1283 


Halleck 


5220 


1297 


. , .., Osino lih 


5100 


1307 


Elko a 


5030 


1319 


Moleen 


5000 


1330 


CAELINi? 


4930 


1339 




4870 


1358 


Be-o-wa-we 


4717 


1368 




4665 


1379 


Arajenta klc ^ . 


4575 


1391 




4534 


1410 


Stone House ^ 


4449 


1434 


Golconda 


4419 


1451 


WINNEMUCCA 11 


4355 


1472 


Raspberry 


4354 


1492 


Humboldt Tnm 


4262 


1514 


'Oreana 


4206 


1525 


, Lovelock's 


4100 


1541 


Brown's 


3955 


1553 


White Plains , 


3921 



/ BOUTE NO. 21.— FAB WESTEBN. 



273 



DistanccB 

from 
OMAilA. 


STATIONS. 


a 
1 


1568 


Hot Springs 


4098 


1587 


WADSWORTH nn 


4104 


1602 


Clark's 


4290 


1614 


Yista 


4400 


1623 


»..- Reno 00. ♦. . . . 


4525 


1633 


Verdi, California pp. 


4915 


1648 


, . . .Boca 


5560 


1657 


TRUCKEE qq 


6866 


imi 

1684 


Summit rr. 


7042 


Cisco 


5911 


1692 


Emigrant Gap ss 


5309 


1697 


;. .Blue Canon 


4700 


1706 


Alta 


8625 


1709 


Dutch Flat • 


8425 


1711 


Gold Run tt 


3245 


1722 


. . , .Colfax uu 


3448 


1740 


Auburn 


1385 


1745 


Newcastle 


920 


1754 


Rocklin 


269 


1758 


Junction uu^ 


189 


1768 


Arcade 


7G 


1776 


. . SACRAMENTO w 


56 


1803 


Gait 


73 


1824 


Stockton WW 


46 


1834 


.Lathrop xx 


48 


1867 


....... . Livprmore 


520 


1893 


Niles 


148 


1914 


San Jose yy 


114 


3909 


Oakland zz 





1914 


SAN FRA.NCISCO 






NOTES. 

a. G-ilmore, entrance of the Pa]-)illon Valley. 

b. Elkharn, entrance of the Platte Valley, and crossing 
of the Elkhorn river. 

c. Fremont, connection with the Chicago and North- 
Western road, by California Junction. G. E. S. 



.;^7i SEOBT^TBIP G VIDE. 

d. North S'^Tirf, with first views of the Platte river on t!-e 



e. Columbus^ with bridge across the Platte, and railroad 
crossing the Lonp Fork near. 

ef . Grand Island^ important station. G. E. S. 

f. Keariwy, supply station for Fort Kearney, in the im- 
mediate neighborhood. 

g. Plum Oreek^ scene of the Plum Creek Massacre of rail- 
road employees, 1868. 

h. McPJierson, supply station for Fort McPherson on the 
^opposite side of the river. 

i. North Platte^ with extensive machine-shop of the rail- 
way company. 

j. JuUsburg, with Port Sedgwick near — ^^the place having 
some activity and the reputation of being the wickedest in 
the world, during th€ railway building, but now stripped 
and in decay. 

' k. Sidney, important station, with railway repair-shops^ 
and Sidney Barracks, militar}^ station, adjoining, G. E. S. 

1. Pine Bluffs^ with singular rock scenery in the neigh- 
borhood. 

m. Hillsdale, with first views, near, of tlie Black HillSi 
the snow-crowned peaks of the Kocky ^lountains ; and 
Pike's Peak, Loug's and Spanish Peaks, of the Colorado 
Mountains, (jften visible at the south-west, at the incredible 
distance of 170 miles. 

n. CHBYENisrE, principal station between Omaha and 
•Ogden, with railway shops. Point of connection, by the 
Denver Pacific road, with Denver ; and thence, by the Kan- 
sas Pacific road, with Topelca, Lawrence and other Kansas 
towns, and St. Lours. Also, by the road to Denver, and 
stages thence, with Central City, Golden City, Pikers Peak, 
and other mountain and mining centres of Colorado. Also, 
central military station of the Plains. G. E. S. 

o. /S/;6!rm<2w, highest point of the railway over the Rocky 
Mountains, and also highest railway-station in the world, 
With altitude of 8,242 feet. 

p. Laramie, Important station, with railway machine- 
shops, near the North Park on the south and the Black Hills 
on the north, and very favorable for residence and mountain 
rambles. G. E. S. 

q. (7arJ6>n, with coal mines in the neighborhood. 
. • r. Percy, with fine views of Elk Mountain. 

■ s. 8t. MaQ:y''s, with wild and rugged scenery in the vic>?*'" 
xtv, and a crossing of the Laramie river. 



BOUTS! No. 21.— FjIH WESTERN. 275 

t. Creston, at tlie summit of the dividing-ridge of tlie 
continent, though really lower than Sherman. 

u. Green Biver, thriving village, fording-place of the 
old Overland Stage line, and with fine views of the Uintah 
Mountains at the south, and the Wind River Mountains at 
the north. G. E. S. 

V. Bryan, important station, and point of connection, by 
stage, with the Sweet Water mining region and the once 
popular South Pass of the Overland emigration. 

w. Ghurch Buttes^ with singular rock formations in the 
neighborhood, giving it the name; and the chief place of 
supply of the celebrated moss-agates of the section. 

X. Carter, supply station for Fort Bridger, near.^ 

y. Evanston, new but thriving tovi,Ti of Utah, with repu° 
tation for supplying the alkali bread, of peculiar excellence; 
and the point at which, when available, the open " observa- 
tion car" is attached to the westward-bound train, for favor- 
able views of the snow-crowned Wahsatch mountains, and 
through Echo and Weber Canons. G. E. S. 

z. Castle Bock, entrance to the grand rock scenery of 
Echo Canon, and of Weber Canon, following, with Pulpit 
Hock, the Thousand Mile Tree, the Devil's Gate, Devil's 
Slide, and other notable features of one of the most remark- 
able passes 6n the continent. 

• aa. Ogden, termination of the Union Pacific road, and 
commencement of the Central Pacific ; Mormon town of 
some prosperity, and with grand scenery at the north, in 
in Ogdeu and other Canons. Also, point of departure, by the 
Utah Central railroad, for Salt Lake City (see that detour, 
Division D, following), and for northern points by the Utah. 
Northern road. G. E. S. 

bb. Corinne, important station near the Great Salt Lake, 
with stage connection to the Lake, and by boat to Salt Lake 
City; also stage connection to Virginia^ Helena, and other 
mountain and mining towns of Kevada and Montana, 

cc. Froniontory — Promontory Point, so called from strange 
rock protuberances near it ; the spot where the " last spike" 
of the c :mnecting roads was driven on the 10th May, 1809, 
and where the connection of the two roads was expected to 
be made, until transferred to Ogden by Act of Congress. 

6.6.. Manument, commencement of the Great American 
Desert. 

ee. Kelton, with connection by stage to Boise Citj'', Rocky 
Bar, and other mining sections in Idaho, and thence to citie? 
of Oregon. - 



27C SMOMT-TMIF OVIDE. 

ff. Tonno, important station, at near the entrance to tlie 
Humboldt Valley. G. E. S. 

gg. Wells, with the Humboldt Wells and their fertile 
oases in the neighborhood, and point of stage departure for 
Pioehe, Nevada, and northern mines. 

hh. Osino, western termination of the Humboldt Valley. 

ii. Elko, important station and thriving town of Nevada, 
with stage and wagon connections to White Pine, Wyoming, 
Cape District, and other mining districts. 

jj. Garlin, another important station, and rival of Elko. 
G. E. a 

jj*. Palisade, connection with Eureka and Palisade R. R.,. 
and with stage for White Pine district. 

kk. Argenta, with stage connections to Austin and Bel- 
mont, and distributing trade to Reese river and White Pine 
mining districts. 

kk. Battle Mountain. G. E. S. Stage for Austin City, 
Nevada. 

11. Winnemucca, with railwjiy shops and mining trade 
and stage connection to Boise City, Paradise, Silver City, etc. 
Also, virtual commencement of the Great Nevada Sandy 
Desert. 

mm. Huiriboldt, with bridge crossing of the Humboldt 
river, and Sink of the Humboldt visible at the l^ft. G. E. S. 

nn Wadsworth, western termination of the Great Nevada 
Desert, and commencemeut of ascent of the Sierra Nevada 
Mountains. Also, withextensive workshops, and with Pyra- 
mid Lake at some twenty miles due northward. 

oo. Reno, important station, on the Truckee river, andi 
great mining center of supplies and transportation, with 
Virginia & Truckee R. R., to Carson City, Virginia City, 
Gold Hill, Washoe, etc. 

pp. Verdi, point of entering California. 

qq. Truckee, thriving town, with numerous saw mills 
and many characteristics- of the early California towns. 
Point of detour from the railway, by stage to Lake Tahoe^ 
15 miles southward (see Division E), and to Lake Lonner, 
at a short distance northward. Has fine mountain scenery 
in the neighborhood, and thence westward up the Sierra, 
though with many interruptions from the snow-sheds. Not 
far westward from Truckee are caught noble views of Lake 
Donner, lying far below, to the right. 

rr. Summit, highest point of the railway over the Sierra 
Nevada, almost alway.s with much snow in the neighbor- 
liood, and surrounded by snow sheds. G. E. S. 

ss. Emigrant Gap, at and beyond which may be said to 
commence the grand scenery of the descent of the Sierras, 



BOUTE N0.21.—FAB WESTERN, TiQa 

of wliicli tlie two most striking points are the great Ameri- 
can Canon, and Cape Horn. 

tt. Gold Bun, in tlie. neigliborliood of •wliicli, from the 
road, may be surveyed many of the effects and some of the 
processes of hydraulic gold-mining in California. 

uu. CW/aa;, important station, and point at which ceases 
the very steep descent of the Sierras. G. E. S. 

uu*. Junction, connection with Oregon Division for Marys- 
ville, Chico, Red Bluff, and Redding. 

vv. Sacramento, capital of California, lying on the Sa- 
cramento river, with a very handsome Capitol not yet fin- 
ished, a large amoujit of trade by river and otherwise, the 
Yolo Bridge over the river, Central Pacific Railway Works, 
and many attractions as a residence. [Steamboat commu- 
nication down the Sacramento river, by Amador, Benicia, 
Vallejo, etc., supplying very pleasant transit to San Fran- 
CISCO.] Connection with California Pacific R. R. Gr. E. S. 

WW. Stockton, large town of the San Joaquin Valley, at 
the head of navigation on the San Joaquin river, mining 
emporium, wheat-center, and one of the points of departure 
tor the Big Trees of Calaveras, the Yo Semite Valley, etc. , 
Stockton & Copperopolis, and Stockton & Visalia R. R's., 
for Milton and Oak Dale. 

XX. Lathrop, thriving town of San Joaquin Valley, point 
of junction of the Visalia Division of the C. P. R. R., and 
another of the favorite points of departure for the Yo 
Semite. G. E. S. 

yy. Niles, connection by branch rail to San Jose, pleasant 
town south-east of San Francisco, thence to the latter city 
by all -rail. 

zz. Oaldand, thriving town and favorite residence, cele- 
brated for its growth of live oaks, and as being the site of 
the University of California. Terminus of the Central 
Pacific road, whence ferry to San Francisco. 

Division G. 
SA2T FEAKCISCO, WITH SHORT EXCURSIONS. 

San Feancisco, called the "Metropolis of the 
Pacific," as well as the " Golden City," lies on the 
western side of the Bay of the same name, with 
entrance to the Pacific Ocean through the " Golden 
Gate." It is immense in trade and wealth, with 



2?G6 smnT-mip axriDK 

singularly varied and sometimes-trying climate, and 
a dashing enterprise unparalleled elsewhere. Cali^ 
fornia, Montgomery, Clay, Bush, Washington, Kear^ 
7iey, Stockton and Vupont, are among the principal 
streets ; and Market street divides them between 
north and south, as in Philadelphia. Montgomery 
Avenue, recently opened, supplies one of the finest 
thoroughfares through the city. Teleyrojyh Hill, at 
the northern side, gives a splendid view of the city 
and harbor, and many of the distant mountains. 

Among the leading Public Buildings are the TJ. S. 
Mint, new and magnificent, at Mission and Fifth 
streets; the Custom House (with Post Office), Mer- 
chants' Exchange, California street ; Nevada Bank ; 
Safe Deposite Company's Building, &c. ; New City 
Hall (building, Yerba Buena Park); TJ. S. Marine 
Hosiyital, Mission street ; Boman Catholic Orphan 
Asylum, Market street; St. Ignatius College, Market 
street, etc. Prominent Churches: Grace Church 
(Epis.); Bev. Dr. Stone's; St. Mary's and St. Patrick's 
Cathedrals (Cath.); Calvary Presbyterian; First Meth- 
odist; First Baptist; Jewish Synagogue Emanuel; Mar- 
iners' Church, etc. Leading Theatres : the Calif omia, 
and two additional, of elegance and completeness, 
recently erected. Chinese Theatres: Dupont street, 
and Jackson street. Leading Hotels: Wie Occidental j 
Palace, Cosmopolitan, Grand, Lick House, &c. 

Other Features of Interest will be found, The 
Chinese, whose head-quarters in the Western World 
are at San Francisco, and in whose " quarter," " Joss 
House" or Temple, and Theatre, much experience 
may be gained; WoodvMrd^s Gardens, with very finp 



nOJJTE No. ^l.—JFAU WESTERN, 2765 

collections in Natural History and a Hall for public 
amusements; the City Water Works, etc. 

Near Excursions will include those to Lone Moun- 
tain Cemetery, with fine outlook, tombs of Broderick, 
Col. Baker, and others ; to Golden Gate Park, re- 
cently opened, and one of the just prides of the city; 
to the Cliff House and Seal Roch, with the seals al- 
ways crowning the latter (favorite drive or horse- 
cars, with stages connecting) ; to the Ocean House 
and Eace Course, near the latter ; to the Hunter's 
Faint Dry Docks; to the Mission Dolores (street car) ; 
to the Presidio, Fort Point, etc., (drive or street car); 
and many others, locally directed, for longer sojourn- 
ers. There are also ferries to Oakland, San Antonio, 
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Quentin and Saucelito, 

[Connections from San Francisco. By rail to 
Sacramento, Marysmlle, Oroville, Shasta, (Shasta 
Butte-Mountain) Vreka and other towns north ; to 
Stockton, San Jose, Visalia, and other towns, and 
New Almaden Mines, south ; eastward to Salt Lake 
City, Omaha, and the East, by route just traversed. 
(Kailway being laid, further north, to Oregon City, 
PoETLAND, Vancouver, etc.) By river-steamer to 
SACRAivrENTo. By sea-steamer on the Pacific, to 
Monterey, St. Luis, Santa Barbara, Acapulco, and 
other towns on the Pacific, southward ; with con- 
nection at Panama with the Panama Eailway and 
steamers on the Atlantic from Aspinwall to New 
York. Also by sea-steamer north to Portland and 
other towns of Oregon. Also by sea-steamer to the 
Sandivich Islands, with connection thence to Aus- 
tralia. Also by Pacific Mail steamers to Japan 



276c? SHOBT-TBIP GJIIDE. 

and OHiiq"A, with connections to British Ikdia, 
the Peninsular and Oriental steamers and overland 
rante to Egypt, Mediterranean and Europe.] 

Division D, 

DETOUB FROM OGDEIif TO SALT LAKE CITT. 

Leave Ogden by cars of the Utah Central Eailway, 
down the Great Salt Lake Valley, with the Wahsatch 
Mountains (a part of them always snow-crowned) 
rising boldly on the left and forming the eastern 
rim of the valley ; and the Great Salt Lake, with 
encircling mountains and bold islands, forming the 
western boundary. The valley is very fertile, though 
needing and receiving constant irrigation on account 
of deficient rain ; and the Mormon farms and home- 
steads line the eastern side of the valley, and nestle 
under the mountains the whole distance. Passing 
through the settlements of Kaysville, Farmingtonj 
CentrevilU, and Bountiful, at 36 miles from Ogden 
is reached 

Salt Lake City, lying at the southern extremity 
of the fertile portion of the Valley, with marshy 
ground extending for some miles southward from it 
■and westward to the lake. It is well laid out, with 
broad and well-shaded streets, streams of water run- 
ning through many of them, though little that is 
complimentary can be said of the houses, a large 
proportion of them ill-built of adobe or wood. A 
full view of the noble Wahsatch Range is com- 



ROUTE No. 21.— FAR WESTERN. 276e 

manded from every portion of tlie town. Two 
wagon roads, leading southward and eastward to the 
mines and mountain settlements, enter the city at 
the eastward, through Emigrant and Parley Canons. 
There is also stage connection from the City, for 
FrovOj Fillmore, San Bernardino, and other towns 
in Lower California, and for StocJcton and Rush 
Valley in the West. Salt Lake City, from its com- 
mencement, the home of the Mormon religion and 
ascendancy, is now growing to be a great mining 
exchange, its character becoming Gentilized and 
reyolutionized. 

Among the most notable buildings in the city are 
the Talernacle, an immense, oval, round-roofed 
structure, with very large organ and wonderfully 
good acoustic properties, in which the denomi- 
national services of the Mormons are held ; the Old 
Talernacle near the other, and much smaller, for use 
in winter ; the Bee Hive and Lion Houses of Brigham 
Young, standing near together, with the Eagle Gate 
between them; the City -Hall^ a very creditable 
structure ; the Theatre, one of the most commodious 
m the "West, and noted for the boxes devoted to 
President Brigham Young's extensive family ; the 
foundations of the Temple, near the Tabernacle ; 
some of the shops, with the " Z. C. M. I." (Zion's 
Co-operative Mercantile Institution) on their sigus, 
showing the Mormon proclivities of the dealers. The 
principal business street is Mam or East Temjjle 
street. Visits may profitably be paid to Camp 



276/ SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

Douglas, tlie U. S, Military Station, three miles from 
the city, eastward, on a fine elevated plateau under 
the mountains ; to the Cemeteiy, north-east of the 
city, and remarkable for being without shade ; to 
the Titldng Store, where the denominational dues are 
paid ; to Ensign Peak, for fine views : to the Warm 
Springs, the Hot Springs, the Canyons, etc., near 
the City. Hotels : the Walker (new), Salt Lake and 
Tow7isend. 
Eeturn to Ogden for pursuance of route westward. 

Dimsio7i E, 

DETOUE TO LAKE TAHOE. 

For this halt is made at Truckee (see that point 
in Division B) ; and the lying over of one train, or 
one day, will allow of a hurried visit to it, though 
much more time should be consumed. 

From Truckee by stage fifteen miles, along the 
banks of the bright little Truckee river the whole 
distance, and over a very fair mountain road. An 
object of great interest is passed on the way, and 
should receive attention — the Talioe Fisheries, at 
which, in pools, fine trout of all sizes and ages may 
be seen, while in a building adjoining, the whole 
process of incubation is shown. 

Lake Tahoe (often called by Calif ornians "Lake 
Bigler," and so ofiicially named), is undoubtedly 
one of the most beautiful bodies of water in any land, 
as it is the highest-lying large lake in the world. It 
is thirty-two miles in length, by ten in breadth, and ■ 



ROUTE NO. 21.—FAM WESTERN. 276g 

lies bosomed in tlie snow-clad Sierras, which inclose 
it on the east, south and west, noble pine forests 
forming the border. The water of the lake is won- , 
drously clear and blue, so that, when in repose, fish 
and other objects can be readily discerned at a depth 
of thirty or forty feet. It is also yery cold, but has 
the peculiarity of never freezing in winter — possibly 
on account of the depth, which has been found to be 
1,700 feet in the middle. 

There are two small but commodious steamboats 
on the lake, besides sail and row-boats ; and a variety 
of excursions, in these, to Cornelian and Emerald 
Bays, and other points of interest, may be made ; or 
the whole lake may be ridden around by carriage, 
passing the same Bays, Lake Valley, Tahoe City, 
etc. Hotel : the Tahoe House. 

Eeturn to Truckee, for ]Dursuing route by rail. 

Lalce Bonner (much smaller than Tahoe, and seen 
from the rail) may also be reached from Truckee in 
a comparatively brief ride by carriage. 

Division F, 

TO THE BIG TEEES AKD YO-SEMITE VALLEY. 

For this double visit (the two great natural curi- 
osities lying in such directions that they should be 
taken in connection), several different routes offer 
themselves to the tourist. To the Yo-Semite, with- 
out the Calaveras Big Trees being always considered, 
three principal routes are in popular use^ known as 



27eh SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE, 

the "Big Oak Flat/' the "Conlteryille" and the 
" Mariposa " routes. 

Big Oak Flat Route. 

The easiest route is considered to be the " Big Oak 
Elat," the upper or north route. For this^ the point 
of departure is Stockton, and the Big Trees of Cala- 
yeras lie very nearly on the way to the Valley. 

Leave Stockton by cars of the Copperopolis road, 
to Peter s\ and (with change) to Milton. At Milton 
take stages for Murpliy^s (Hotel, at Murphy's Camp), 
reached the same night. Proceed next day, by stage, 
fifteen miles, to the 

Big Teee Geove oe Calayeeas, where the 
Sequoia gigantea may be seen in their matchless 
glory, largest of all the arboreal products of earth. 
In the Mfimmoth Grove proper, there are nearly 100 
trees, amid other trees that would be gigantic else- 
where ; the heights of those standing ranging from 
180 to 350 feet, circumference from 30 to 93 feet; 
estimated ages, from 1,400 to 2,500 years. Most of 
the largest are named after distinguished statesmen 
and generals. On the smoothed stump of one of the 
largest, now covered with a building, in front of the 
hotel, sixty persons have danced in a set ; and through 
the hollow remains of the fallen "Father of the 
Forest," believed to have measured 420 feet in height, 
tall men walk erect and short ones ride on horse- 
back. The largest still standing erect, the "Mother 
of the Forest," is dead and naked of its salable bark^. 



BOUTE NO. 21.— FAB WESTEBK S76j 

some portions of wliicli measured 30 inclies in thick- 
ness. (Hotel, at the Calayeras Grove, the Mammoth 
Grove House.) 

Six miles distant from the Mammoth Grove 
(reached on horseback), is the Soutli Grove, of which 
some of the trees are alleged to be larger than any 
of the others, while the number reaches over 1,300. 

Eeturn to Murphy^ s from the Big Trees, and pro- 
ceed thence, next morning, by stage, to Sonora, 
Chinese Camp, Garote, Big Oah Flat, Hardin^s and 
HodgdorCs, to Hutching s' (Hotel), in the Valley, two 
days being consumed in the transit from Murphy's, 
with only eighteen miles of saddle. This brings the 
now celebrated 

To-Semite Valley, on the Merced river, with 
scenery alleged to be more grand than any other on 
the globe, in many particulars. Special points of 
interest: El Capitdn, gigantic separated rock; the 
Tliree Brothers, also rocks; the Bridal-Veil Fall, 
940 feet; the Royal Arches, rocks; the Great-Yose- 
mite Fall, in three leaps of 1,600, 434, and 600 feet; 
the North and South Domes, rocks ; Mirror Lake : 
and the stupendous but frightful view of the whole 
Valley, from Inspiration Point. (Depend upon 
guide, necessary and always in readiness, for route 
and particulars.) Hotels at the Valley: Hutchings\ 
Ly dig's, and Blade's. Proceed to Clark'' s, and thence ^ 
make detour, a few miles, to the 

Jka Teees of Maeiposa, with no less than 427 
of the monsters, varying from twenty to thirty-four 



276j SEOBT-TEIP aUIDE. 

feet in diameter, and from 275 to 325 feet in height 
— many of them estimated to be 1,500 to 2,500 years 
old. 

Return may be made from the Valley, by the same 
route by which it was entered, with the exception of 
not returning to Murphy's, on the way back to 
Stockton, and thus shortening the ride. But, un- 
less special reasons offer for such a course, a greater 
variety of scenery will be secured, by adopting the 
reverse of one of the other following routes ; or, if 
the visitor has entered the Valley by either of the 
following, the same advantages, with the glance afc 
the Big Trees, will be secured by coming out by the 
reverse of the preceding. 

Coitlterville Route. 

For this route, whether proceeding eastward or 
westward, the Central Pacific road is left at La- 
THKOP, cars being changed for Merced. Stage from 
Merced to Coulterville, and to GoMn^s Bancli, at 
Crane's Elat. From Gobin's, saddle-train to Blade's, 
in the Valley, with same features to be observed as 
those noted in the previous route, though some 
changes in the order of visiting them, from different 
points of arrival. This route is considered to have 
especial beauty in scenery along the route, as much 
'of it lies along the dividing ridge between the Tuo- 
lumne and Merced rivers, giving fine views of the 
Sierra Nevada, the Coast Eange, San Joaquin Val- 
ley, etc. _ '1-. 



ROUTE NO. 21— FAB WESTEBN, S76ifc 

MQAnposa Route. 

This route, the southernmost, is identical with the 
Coulterville, in departure and detail, so far as J/er- 
ced, by rail. Thence stage to Snelling^s^ Hornitos, 
Bear Valley^ WJiite and HatcWs, and Clarh and 
Moore's. Thence into the Valley, by saddle, some 
thirty miles — the distance on horseback being great- 
er than by any of the other routes, but with the ad- 
vantages claimed of bringing both the Mariposa Big 
Trees and the stupendous view from Inspiration 
Point, into more convenient access. 

Two additional routes have lately been opened, 
known as the Mohelumne Hill and Hamilton's New, 
For the former, stage from Mohelumne Hill Station 
of the Central Pacific road, to the Calaveras Big 
Trees, and thence to the Yo-Semite Valley as by 
the Big Oak Elat route ; for the second, stage from 
the railroad station at Galt^ by lone City and Val» 
ley, Jackson, Mokelumne Hill and Eailroad Flat, to 
the Big Trees ; and thence to the Yo-Semite as "bj 
the Big Oak Flat route. 

Division G. 

EXCUKSIOi^ TO THE QEYSES3 

Visit may be paid to the wonderful steam-springs, 
known as The Geysers, and considered as among 
the greatest of California curiosities — most conve- 
niently by the following route : 

Steamer from San Francisco (twice a day), or 
from Sacramento, to 



270? SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. 

Vallejo, (pronounced " Val-lay-o"), [see "vy./" 
p. 276<^], important town on the Straits of Oarqui- 
nez, with Mare Island Navy Yard in the immediate 
neighborhood, and terminus of the California Paci- 
fic Eailway. Thence rail on the !N"apa Valley Eail- 
way, by Napa City (stage to Sonoma), St. Helena 
(stage to White Sulphur Springs), and minor towns, 
to 

Calistoga (whence conveyance to Calistoga Springs^ 
Mount St. Helena, the Petrified Forest, etc.) Fromi 
Calistoga, Foss' stages, daily, by Ray's Eanch, God-» 
win's Peak (with fine and very extensive view over 
Eussian Eiver Valley, the Coast Eange and distant 
Pacific), and the picturesque ridge of Hog's Back, 
to the 

Great Geyser Canon and Springs, exhibiting some 
of the most startling phenomena in nature, in the 
wildness of the scenery, and the heat, varied mineral 
impregnation, and terrific force of outburst, of„ the 
various springs included. Among the most notable 
exhibitions are those of the "Witches' Cauldron," 
throwing up mingled pitch and ink, with clouds of 
steam ; the " Steamboat Geyser," throwing out steam 
of the most intense heat, with such force as to imi- 
tate the blowing off of the most powerful boiler; the 
'* Scalding Steam Iron Bath ; " the " Mountain of 
Fire," with hundreds of vomiting fissures ; the " Al- 
kali Lake," the " Boiling Black Sulphur Springs," 
and many others that can only be intelligently or 
even safely visited under capable guidance — the 



BOUTE NO. 21— FAB WESTEBK 276w 

wliole maintaining, and well deserring, the reputa- 
tion of being one of tlie most interesting and alto- 
gether the most diabolical, of the natural wonders of 
the continent. 

Division H, 

EETUEKIlfG EASTWARD EROM CALIFORNIA. 

Overland return from California must necessarily 
be made, until the completion of the JSTorthern Paci- 
fic road, and that of the California and Oregon road, 
running northward to meet it at Portland — ^loy the 
same route pursued in going westward to the Paci- 
fic, over the Central and Union Pacific roads, at least 
so far as Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory ; and the 
return ride will be by no means monotonous or witli- 
out use, so many of the points passed over needing 
at least a second observation to measure them prop- 
erly. 

At Cheyenne, however (see "n," p. 274), much 
additional variety may be secured by taking the 
Denver Pacific road to 

Dekver, capital of Colorado, as well as its com- 
mercial centre, with much beauty in location, a 
U. S. Branch Mint, magnificent views of the great 
snow-capped Colorado mountains from the rail, the 
city and neighborhood, and numerous rail and stage 
connections with all the great mining-centres of the 
territory. Golden City, Central City, Boulder City, 
etc., and with New Mexico, Arizona, and the South- 
West. It is also from Denver that excursions may 



276ra SEOET-TBIP GUIDE. 

best be arranged, to tbe famous Parks of Colorado, 
to the best points of view of Pike's, Long's, the 
Spanish Peaks, etc., among the grandest mountains 
of the central continent. 

From Denver the route eastward may be pursued, 
by the Kansas Pacific road, by Kit Carson, (CoL) 
Sheridan, Fort Hays, Brookville, Salina (on the 
Smoky Hill Fork of the Kansas), Junctmi City 
(connection with the Missouri, Kansas and Texas 
railway, southward), Manhattan, and other more-or- 
less important towns of Kansas — to Topeka, capital 
of that State, and Lawrence^ seat of the State Uni- 
versity, directly eastward, or by St Joseph ("St 
Joe ") important town of Missouri, and old starting- 
point of the overland emigration — to St. Louis, for 
pursuance of any route eastward, northward or 
southward (see Route No. 14, p. 223.) 

[Of course, for the California-bound traveller 
finding himself previously at St. Louis, and desiring 
to traverse both routes, the course of this Division 
will be reversed so far as Cheyenne, and the route 
thence eastward to Omaha and Chicago, be taken on 
tne return.] 



OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLACES. 

[TOWIJS AND OTHER PLACES NOT INDEXED OR MENTIONED 

IN ANY OF THE ROUTES, OR WITH OPTIONAL 

ROUTE HERE INDICATED.] 

Adrian (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 

Afton (N". y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, frois 
Albany or Binghamton. 

Allentown (K J.) from Trenton or Bordentown. 

Amenia (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from Kew York. 

Amlierst (Mass.) from New London by New London North- 
ern road. 

Ansonia (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatnck road. 

Aniietam [Battle Field] (Md.) from Harrisburg to Hagers- 
town ; or from Harper's Ferry. 

Appleton (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. 

AsJiley Falls (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 

Aspinwall (Isthmus, for Galifornid) from New York by 
PacijQc Mail Steamers, 1st and 15th of every month. 

AsJiburnJiam (Mass.) from Fitchburg. 

Atchison (Kansas,) by rail from Kansas city, (see this list.) 

Aurora (N. Y.) on Cayuga Lake, (see this list.) 

Avon (N. Y.) by rail from Rochester or Batavia. 

Bainbridge (N. Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road^ fro® 
Albany or Binghamton. 

Bath (Me.) by rail from Portland. 

Bath (N. H.) from "Wells River. 

Bath (N. Y.) on Buffalo Division of Erie road, from Batavia 
or Corning. 

Baton Bouge (La.) by steamer from New Orleans. 

Beavfort (S. C.) from Charleston. 

Belfast (Me.) by rail from "Waterville, (see this list) 



278 SEOET-TRIP GUIDE. 

Bennington (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls ; or from Chat 
ham Four Comers, (see this list.) 

Benida (Cal.) by boat from San Francisco. 

Bethel (Me.) by rail from Portland or Gorham. 

BetJiel (Vt.) from White River Junction or Burlington. 

Betlileliem (N. H.) from Littleton. 

Beverly (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 

Bolton [and Falls] (Vt.) from Ridley's Station, (see this list.) 

Booneville (Mo.) by rail from Jeflerson City, (see this list); or 
from St. Louis, by boat. 

Booneville (N. Y.) from Utica. 

Bowdoin College (Me.) at Brunswick, (see this list.) 

Bradford (Vt.) by rail irom Wells River or White River 
Junction. 

Brandon (Vt.) by rail from Rutland or Burlington. 

Braintree (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. 

Bridgewater (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. 

Bristol (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury, (see this list), or Provi- 
dence. 

Bristol (N. H.) from Concord by K. Kew Hampshire road, 

Bristol (R. I.) by rail from Providence, 

Brookjield, (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 

BrunswicJc (Me.) by rail from Poptland. 

Canaan (Ot.) from Briigeport by Housatonic road. 

Cairo (N. Y.) by stage from Catskill. 

CaineVs Hump [Mountain] (Vt.) by carriage from Ridlej^s 
Station, (see this list.) 

Canton (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. 

Carlisle (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg. 

Caseyoille (111.) by rail from St. Louis. 

Gastine (Me.) by boat from Belfast, (see this list.) 

Ca/rbondal& (IIJ.) by rail from Cairo. 

Centralia (111.) by rail from Cairo or Chicago. 

Ghateaugay Woods (N. Y.) from Rouse's Point, or from 
Plattsburg. 



OFF-ROUTE AND IIINOR PLAGES. 279 

Uliaiham (N. J.) by Morris and Essex road from iN'ew York. 
ChaiJiam (TsT. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York, or Bostoa 

and Albany road from Boston. 
Gharlemont (Mass.) from North Adams. 
Charleston (S. C.) from New York by steamers twice a week 

or oftener. 
Cheat Biver ("W. Va.) by rail from Wheeling ; or from Harp- 
er's Ferry. 
CIiesMre (Ct.) from New Haven by Nortbamptoa road. 
Chester (Yt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
CJucopee (Mass.) by rail from Springfield. 
Chilicothe (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
CirdemUe (O.) by rail from Cincinnati or Zanesville. 
Clarendon [Springs] (Vt.) by stage from Eiitland. 
Clarksburg (W. Va.) by rail from Harper's Ferry ; or from 

Wheeling by Grafton. 
Clifton Springs (N. Y.) on Aubm-n Branch of New York 

Central road, from Syracuse or Rochester. 
Coatesmlle (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania Centra] 

road, 
Collinsmlle (Ct.) from New Haven by Northampton road. 
Cooperstovm (N. Y.) by Susquehanna road from Albany. 
Crawfordsville (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 
Crooked Lake (N. Y.) from Penn Yan, (see this list.) 
Croton Falls (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York. 
Dalles of St. Louis River (Minn.) by rail from St. Paul or Du- 

luth. 
Vanbury (Ct.) from Norwalk. 

Danielsonmlle (Ct.) by rail from New London or Worcester. 
Deal (N. J.) from Long Branch. 
Beerfield [and South'] (Mass ) by rail from Northampton, (see 

this list.) 
Delaware (0.) by raSl from Columbus. 
Derby (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Naugatuck road. 
Dexter (Me.) by rail from Bangbr. 



280 ' BHORT-TBIP OULDE. 

\ 

DoTier Plaim (K. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York. 

Downington (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania Cen- 
tral road. 

Eastham^ptoji (lilass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg 
road. 

Eastpori (Me.) by steamer from Boston and from St. Jobn'Sj 
» KB. 

Eatontown (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
York ; or New Jersey Central for Long Branch. 

Effingham (Ind.) by rail from Terre Haute or St. Louis. 

Englewood (N. J.) from New York by Northern New Jersey 
road. 

Essex Junction ( Yt.) from Burlington. 

Falls Village (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 

Farmingdale (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road (boat and 
rail) from New York. 

Fitcliburg (Mass.) by rail from Boston. 

FitzwUliam (N. H.) by rail from Fitchburg, Mass. 

Flint (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 

Florence (Mass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg road. 

Flushing (L. I.) from New York by 34th street ferry and 
Flushing railroad. 

Fond du Lac (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie or Duluth. 

Fort William (Canada), by boat from Duluth. 

Foxborough (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. 

FranUin (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 

Franklin (N. H.) from Concord by Northern New Hamp- 
shire road. 

Freehold (N. J.) from New York by Pennsylvania, N. J. 
Central or N. J. Southern roads ; or from Long Branch. 

Galveston (Texas), by steamer from New Orleans. 

Gardiner (Me.) by rail from Portland. 

Gettysburg (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg, by York. 

Glassb&ro (N. J.) by rail from Camden. 

Gloucester (Mass.) by rail frord Salem. 



OFF-BOUTE AND MINOB PLAGES. 281 

Grafton (N. H.) from Concord by N. Kew Hampshire road. 
Great Bamngton (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic 

road. 
Greensburg (Pa.) from the Pennsylvania Central road at 

Blairsvilie. 
Greenfield (Mass.) from New Haven, by Korthampton. 
Greenport (Long Island), from New York by Long Island 

road. 
Greenwich (Ct.) from New York by New Haven rQ3,d. 
Eaclcensack (N. J.) by Erie road from New York. 
Hadley (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) 
Hagerstown (Md.) by rail from Baltimore, or Harrisburg by 

Chambersburg. 
Hamilton (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
Hammojidsport (N. Y.) on Crooked Lake, (see this list.) 
Hannibal (Mo.) by rail from Springfield, 111. ; or by rivei 

from St. Louis. 
Hanomr (N. H.) from White River Junction. 
Havana (Cuba) from New York by Atlantic Mail Steam- 
ers, every Thursday ; and by Vera Cruz Steamers, everj 

10 days. 
Haydenmlle^ (Mass.) from New Haven by WiUiamsburg road 
Highgate Springs (Vt. ) from Rouse's Point. 
Hlngliam (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. 
Hinsdale (Vt.) opposite Brattleboro. 
Holmdel (N. J.) by steamboat from New York to Keyport (see 

this list,) thence by stage ; or N. J. Central R.R. 
Holyoke (Mass.) by rail. from Springfield. 
Honesdale (Pa.) by rail from Lackawaxen, on Erie Road. 
Hoosac Tunnel (Mass.) from North Adams. 
Housatonic (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
Houston (Texas) by rail from Galveston (see this list.) 
Howe^s and BaWs Caves (N. Y.) from Schoharie (see this list.) 
Ipswich (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
Tsle Boyal (Mich.) by boat fifom Duluth. 



282 SHOBT-TBIP O UIDK 

Ithaca (N. Y.) on Cayuga Lake (see this list.) 

Jacksonmlle (Florida) from Savannah. 

Jacksonville (111.) by rail from Springfield. 

Jamaica (Long Island) from New York by Long Island road. 

Jefferson Gity (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. 

Joneshoro (111.) by rail from Cairo. 

Kane (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Irvineton, on Philadelphia and 

Erie road. 
Kansas Oitij^ (Mo.) by rail from St. Lonis, or from Oraaha. 
Kearsarge Mountain (N. H.) from Concord by NortherD 

ISTew Hampshire road. 
Keene (N. H.) by rail from Fitchburg or Bellows FaUs. 
Kenosha (Wis.) by rail from Chicago. 
Kent (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 
Keyport (N. J.) by steamboat from New York, or N. J. Cen- ' 

tral rail from Matawan. 
KilUngton Peak (Vt.) from Rutland. 

Knightstown (Ind.) by rail from Dayton (O.) or Indianapolis. 
Lafayette (Ind.) by rail from Logansport. 
Lake Dunmore (Vt.) by stage from Brandon (see this list.) 
Lake Luzerne (N. Y.) from Saratoga. 
Lake Pleasant (N. Y.) from Amsterdam, New York Centra] 

road. 
Lake Temisconata (Canada) from Riviere du Loup by Grand 

Portage road. 
Lake Umhagog (Me.) from Gorham, K. H. 
Lamhertmlle (N. J.) from Trenton by Belvidere Delaware 

road. 
Lancaster (O.) by rail from Columbus or Zanesville. 
Lawrence, (Kansas) from Kansas City (see this list). 
Lawrenceburg (Ind.) by rail from ClacinrtAti. 
Leavenworth (Kansas), by rail from Kansas City (see this list.) 
Ld>anon (N. H.) from White River Junction. 
Lee (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic roa^l. 
Lefdgh Water-Gap and Lehighton (Pa.) from Easton by Le- 
high Valley road. 

■ f 



OFF-MO UTE AND MINOR PL A GE8. 283 

Lenox (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road ; cr from 

Albany by Boston and Albany road to Pittsfield. 
Lexington (Mo.) by rail from Sedalia and Jefferson City (see 

this list). 
Litchfield, (Ct.) from Bridgeport by ISTaugatuck road. 
Little Bock (Ark.) by rail from Memphis, Tenn. 
Logan (0.) by rail from Columbus. 
London (O.) by rail from Springfield. 
Long Branch (N". J.) from New York by N. J. Central E.E,, 

or N. J. Southern, boat and rail. 
Ludlow (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
MacJdnaw (Mich.) from Detroit, by boat. 
Mancliester (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. 
Manchester (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 

York. 
Mancliester (Yt.) by rail from Eutland. 
Mansfield (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. 
MarUehead (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 
Marietta (O.) by rail from Wheeling. 
Martha) 8 Vineyard (Mass.) by steamer from New Bedford. 
Martinsburg (W. Va.) by rail from Harpers Ferry. 
Martinsville (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. 
Massena Springs (Canada), from Louisville, on the St. Law- 
rence, near Prescott. 
Mataican (N.J.) by rail from New York, on New Jersey 

Central road for Long Branch (also Keyport). 
Mauch Chunk (Pa.) from Easton by Lehigh Yalley road. 
May smile (Ky.) by rail, or the Ohio river from Cincinnati. 
Meadville (Pa.) from Corry, Oil-Regions. 
Medford (Mass.) from Boston by Lowell road. 
Middlehoro (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. 
Middlcburg (Yt.) by rail from Burlington. 
Middletoion (N. J.) by New Jersey Central rail for Long 
Branch, from New York. 



284 SEOHT-TRIP qjjwe, 

Middletown (Pa.) from Harrisburg. 
MUford (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. 
Milford (0.) by rail from Columbus. 
Minnesota Lakes (Minn.) from St. Paul. 
Missisquoi Springs (Vt.) from St. Albans, by stage. 
Mitclicll (Ind.) by rail from Louisville. 
f Mound City [and Mounds'] (111.) by rail from Cairo. 
Monroe (Micli.) by rail from Detroit. 
Montpelier (Vt.] from Burlington. 
Mount Desert [and Rock and Island] (Me.) by steamer from 

Boston, Portland or Bangor. 
Mount Diablo (Cal.) from San Francisco, by San Francisco 

and Oregon Railway, and connections. 
Mount Holly (N. J.) by rail from Camden or Burlington. 
Mount Holyolce (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) 
Mount Katahdin (Me.) by stage from Bangor ; or partially by 

rail from same place. 
Mount Mansfield (Vt.) by carriage from Waterbury, (see this 

list.) 
Mount Tom (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) 
Mount Vernon (N. Y.) from New York by New Haven 

road. 
Mount Vernon (O.) by rail from Newark. 
Nantucket (Mass.) by steamer from New Bedford. 
Narragansett Pier (R. I.) from Kingston, on Stonington and 

Providence road. 
Nassau (New Providence) from New York, by Atlantic Mail 

steamers, irregularly. 
New Britain (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury (see this list) or 

Providence. 
Newburg (O.) by rail from Cleveland. 
Newburg (Vt.) by rail from Wells River. 
New Egypt (N. J.) by rail from Hightstown, Mt. Holly or 

Burlington. 
Nevi Milford (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 



OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLAGES. 285 

NeiD Ilonmouth (N. J.) from New York by New Jersey Cen- 

tral road for Long Branch — stage from Middletown. 
New Orleans (La.) from New York by steamers, every Satnr 

day or ottener. 
NeiD PhiladelpMa (O.) by rail from Pittsburg. 
NeiD RocJielle (N. Y.) from New York by New Haven road. 
Nswtoion^ (L. I.) from New York by 34th street ferry and 

Flushing railroad. 
Norfolk (Ya.) from New York by steamer, every Saturday oi 

oftener. 
Normal (111.) by rail from Chicago. 
North Adams (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road, 

or from Boston, Albany or Troy by Troy and Boston 

roaa. 
North Derby (Vt.) from Lenoxville, Canada, by Massiwippi 

road. 
Northampton, (Mass.) by rail from New Haven. 
Northfield (Mass.) from New London by New London Northern 

road. 
Northfield (Yt.) from Burlington. 
NortJiumberland (Pa.) from Harrisburg by Northern Central 

road. 
Norwich (Yt.) by rail from White River Junction. 
Oceanport (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from Ne^ 

York ; or from Long Branch. 
Oshkosh (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. 
Otsego Lake (N. Y.) by Susquehanna road from Albany. 
Otter Creek Falls (Yt.) from Yergennes (see this list.) 
Oxford (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
Oxford (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
Owasco Lake (N. Y.) from Auburn (see this list.) 
Parkesburg (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Penn. Central road. 
Parkersburg, (W. Ya.) by rail from Wheeling, or from Colum- 
bus, O. 
Passumpsic (Yt.) by rail from Wells River. 
PhcBnixmlle (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Reading road. 



SHOET-TBIP OUIDK 

Patclwgue (Long Island) from Kew York by South Side road 
Pemberton (N. J.) by rail from Higlitstown, or from Camdeu 

Burlington, or Long Brancli. 
Penn Tan (N. Y.) by Northern Central road, from Elmira, 
Pe7'th Aniboy (N. J.), from New York byN. J. Central, Long 

Branch line. 
Peru (Ind.) by rail from Logansport. 
Pittsfield (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road, or from 

Albany or Boston by Boston and Albany road. 
Piedmont ("W". Va.) by Bait, and Ohio road from Harper's 

Ferry. 
Plitsford (Vt.) by rail from Rutland. 
Piqua (0.) hj rail from Columbus. 
Plainville (Ct.) from New Haven by Korthampton road. 
Pontiac (111.) by rail from Chicago. 
Pontiac (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 
Port Huron (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. 
Part Kent (K. Y.) by boat on Lake Champlain, going to or 

from Burlington, Vt. 
Pottmlle (Pa.) from Reading. 
Poultiiey (Vt.) by rail from Rutland. 
Putney (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 
Quincy (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. 
Bcccquette Begions (K. Y.) in connection with Adirondacks 

fronj Crown Point. 
Ravenna (O.) by rail from Cleveland. 
Eeadmlle (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. 
Bed Panic (N. J.) by New Jersey Central rail for Long 

Branch J from New York ; or boat direct. 
Bicemlle (K. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 

York. 
Richfield Springs (N. Y.) from Sharon Springs ; or from Utica 

or Binghamton by the Utica, Chenango and Susquehan- 
na road. 
Blchmond (Ind.) by rail from Xenia or Indianapolis. 
Bidley's Station (Vt.) from Esses Junction, (see this list.} 



OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLAGES. 287 

Richmond (Ya.) from New York by steamer every Saturday 
or oftenor. 

Rio Janiero (Brazil) from New York by United States and 
Brazil steamers, 23rd of every montb. 

Rockmlle (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. 

Rochcille (Ind.) by rail from Terre Haute. 

Royalton [and Scnitli] (Yt.) from White River Junction. 

SacJcetfs Harbor (N. Y.) by rail from Rome, on New York 
Central road. 

Saginaw (Mich.) [and Easf] by rail from Detroit. 

Salem (Ind ) by rail from Louisville. 

Salem (N. J.) by rail from Camden. 

Salem (N. Y.) by Troy and Boston road, from Troy. 

Salisbury (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. 

Salisbury {East and Beacli] (Mass.) by rail from Salem. 

San Francisco (Cal.) from New York by Pacific Mail steam- 
ers, 1st and 15th of every month. 

San Rafael and San Quentin (Cal.) by boat from San Fran- 
cisco, and horse. 

Sault Ste. Marie (Mich.) [Rapids and Canal], by boat from De- 
troit. 

Sa'oannaTi (Ga.) from New York by steamer several times a 
week. [Connection for Florida cities^ 

Schoharie (N. Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, from 
Albany or Binghamton. 

Schuylkill Haven (Pa.) from Reading. 

Scotch Plains (N. J.) by New Jersey Central road from New 
York. 

Sedbrook (N. H.) from Boston or Portsmouth. 

Sedalia (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. 

Seneca Lake (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York Cen- 
tral road, from Syracuse or Rochester. 

Seymour (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 

Shark Rivsr (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 
York. 



388 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE 

Sharon (Vt.) from White River Junction, 

Sheboygan (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. 

STielbuma N. H. from Gorham. 

Shelburne Falls (Mass.) from North Adams. 

81ielbyx)ille (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis, 

Sheffield (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic ^^ad. 

Sheffield (Pa.) from Ridge way or Irvineton, on Philadelphia 

and Erie road. 
Shrewsbury (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 

York ; or N. J. Central, Long Branch line. 
Skeneateles (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York Centra] 

road, from Syracuse or Rochester, 
Sorel (Canada), by steamer from Quebec. 
South Hadley (Mass.) by rail from SpringfieicL 
South Paris (Me.) by rail from Portland. 
Squan [Beachl (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from 

New York to Shark River^ thence stage. 
Squankum (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New 

York. 
Stafford (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. 
Stanstcad (Canada), from Newport, Lake Memphreni&gog, oi 

from Lennoxville. 
St. Augustine (Florida), from Savannah, Ga. 
St. Gha/rles (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. 
Sterling (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. 
Stillwater (Minn.) from St. Paul. 
St. John Falls (Canada), from Riviere du Loup or from 

Cacouna. 
St. J«hmburg (Vt.) by rail from Wells River. 
Stoclcbridge [and Weif] (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housa- 
tonic load. 
Stratford (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. 
iS^. Thomas (W. 1.) from New York by Brazil steamers, 23d 

of every month. 
Sunbury (Pa.) from Harrisburg by Northern Central road. 



OFF-RO UTE AND MINOR PL A GES. 289 

Superior City (Wis.) by boat from Detroit or Chicago. 
Sutherland Falls (Vt.) by rail from Kutland 
Terry tille (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury (see this list) or Pro- 
vidence. 
Thetford (Vt.) by rail from White River Junction. 
Thompson (Ct.) by rail from JSTew London or Worcester. 
Thunder Bay (Lake Superior) by boat from Duluth. 
Tiffln (O.) by rail from Sandusky. 
Tolland (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. 
Tom^s River (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road f'xjm New 

York. 
Topeka (Kansas) from Kansas city (see this list.). 
Troy (0.) by rail from Dayton. 
Zfrbana (O.) by rail from Columbus. 
Valley Foi^ge (Pa.) from Philadelphia, or from Reading. 
Vandalia (Ind;) by rail from St. Louis. 
Van Deusenmlle (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonio 

road. 
Vera Cruz (Mexico), from New York by Mexican maU etearrif 

ers, every 10 days. 
Vergennes (Vt.) by rail from Burlington. 
Vicksburg {Miss.) by river from New Orleans; or rail &oin 

Jackson. 
JFa^^^am (Mass.) from Boston by Fitchburg road. 
Warren (0.) by rail from Cleveland. 
Warren (R. L) by rail from Providence. 
Warren (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Irvineton, on Philadelphih 

and Erie road. 
Waterbury (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 
Waieriown (Mass.) from Boston by Fitchburg roado 
Waterville (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury, (see th.Ia list,) oi' 

Providence. 
Waterville (Me.) by rail from Portland by Augusts i 
Watkins Glen (N. Y.) from Elmira, Erie road. 
Waukegan (111.) by rail from Chicago. 



290 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

WaukesJia (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukee. 

WellmHe (O.) by Ohio river from Pittsburg. 

West Burke ( Vt ) by rail from Wells River. 

Westfield (Mass.) from New Haven cy Williamsburg road. 

Westminster (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. 

West BandolpJi (Vt.) from White River Junction or Burlmg- 

ton. 
Weymouth (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. 
White Plains (N. Y.) Harlem railroad trom New York. 
Wilkeslarre (Pa.) from Easton by Lehigh Valley. 
Williamsburg (Mass.) from New Haven by W. road. 
Williamstown (Mass.) from Albany, Troy or Boston, by Troy 

and Boston road. 
Williston (Vt.) from Essex Junction. 
Willoughbi/ Lake (Vt.) from West Burke, (see this list.) 
Wilmington (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. 
Winstead (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 
Woburn [East] (Mass.) from Boston by Lowell road. 
Wolcotville (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. 
Woodbury (N. J.) by rail from Camden. 
Woodstock ( Vt.) from White River Junction. 
Woodbridge (N. J.) from Rahway, by rail. 
Woonsocket (R. I.) by rail from Providence or Worcester. 
Wyandotte (Kansas,) opp. Kansas city (see this list). 
Wyandotte (Mich.) from Detroit. 
Wyoming (Minn.) by rail from St. Paul. 
Wyoming Valley (Pa.) from Scranton, by the Lackawanna 

and Bloomsburg road. 
Yankton (Dacotah), by the Missouri river from Sioux city. 
Yellow Springs (O.) by rail from Xenia or Cincinnati. 
York (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg, 



STEAMSHIP LINES AND BANKING-HOUSES. 

STEAMSHIPS BETWEEN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 

LIKES BY QUEENSTOWN, LIVERPOOL AIS'D LOISTDON. 

Inman Line. {Inman Steamship Company, limited.) 
The three leading vessels of this Hue, intended to run 
durinpf the passenger-seas;on of 1877, are tbe Commodore'a 
ship, the " City of Berlin," one of the largest in the world, 
and one of the speediest, if not the very speediest afloat, 
while with comfort equalling and warranted by the size, — 
the " City of Richmond," and " Citv of Chester,'' onijless in 
tonnage and without other rivals as to speed and comfort, 
while also exceptionally commanded. With the'fe are still 
associated, of course, when additional vessels are required, 
the old and new favorites, the ''Montreal," ''Brussels," 
"Paris," "Brooklyn," "New York," "London," "Ant- 
werp," «fec.% making up a fleet of large numbers and great 
capacity. The announcement of this line will show the care 
habitually taken to avoid northern latitudes, icebergs and 
collisions. Sailings from New York, on Saturdays; from Liver- 
pool on Thursdays ; and from Queenstown on Fridays. (For 
Special annouiicement see ofiicial card in its appropriate place.) 
Giiion Line. {Liverpool aiid Great Western Steamship Co.) 
It has for some time been an admitted fact, tbat the Wil- 
liams & Guion boats, especially of the later build, have es- 
tablished a high reputation for comfort, convenience, and 
sea-worthiness, and that tney, consequently, deserve the pa- 
tronage they receive. The ships of this line now number 
the exceptionally large and powerful "Montana," "Wyo- 
ming," " W'isc9nsin," " Nevada," and "Idaho," everyone 
of which has won commendation for sea-going qualities 
and comfoit of the first order, while some of them are 
among the very race-horses of the ocean for speed. The 
.U, S. Mail Service has added materially, as deserved, to 
the capacity and popularity of a commendable line, con- 
tinually growing better, year by year. Sailings from New 
York on Tuesdays, and from Liverpool on Wednesdays. (For 
special announcements see oflBcial card.) 



292 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

National L^ne. {National Steam Navigation Company.) 
With tlieir boats always large and burtliensorae, self-in- 
sured, and sailed on lines especially calculated to avoid ice 
and collisions; now tlie National Line not only make the well- 
founded boast of employin;^ the lar<i:est vessels in the trade, 
but the rate of speed has wonderfully increased, and the 
fleet can boast the presence of some of the speediest as well 
as noblest vessels afloat. Tliis is especially the case with the 
*' Spain " and the "Egypt," closely followed by the " Italy," 
the "Greece," "Canada," "England," "France," "The 
Queen," &c. ; and h gher commendation is seldom bestowed 
upon passages by any line, than by old vc^yagers, on some 
of the National ships during late years. Sailings from 
New York on Saturdays ; from Liverpool on Wednesdays ; 
and from Queenstown on Thursdays. From New York for 
London direct, every Saturday. 

White Star Line. {Oceanic S. S. Go.) 
Principal vessels employed, leaving New York on Satur- 
days and Liverpool on Thursdays, the "Britannic," "Ger- 
manic," "Celtic," " Adriatic," &c. 

Cunard Line. {British and North American Boyal Mail 
Steam Packet Company. ) 
Principal vessels en)ployed, leaving New York on Wed- 
nesdays and Liverpool on Saturdays, the " Scythia," "Both- 
nia," "Russia," "Algeria," " Abyj-sinia," &c. 

LINES BY LONDONDEKKY, GLASGOW AND LONDON. 

Anchor Line. {Henderson Bros., Neio York: Handy side & 
Henderson, Glasgoio.) 
Principal vessels employed, leaving New York for Glasgow 
•every Saturday, the " Devouia," " Circassia," " Anchoria," 
"Ethiopia," "Bolivia," "California," "Victoria," &c. ; for 
London, every alternate Saturday, the "Alsatia," "Anglia," 
"Australia," " Eiysia," "Utopia," &c. 

State Line to Glasgow, by Lame. {Austin Baldiciit & Co., 

New York.) 
Principal vessels employed, leaving New York on Thurs- 
days, the "States" of " Indiana,"' " Georgia," Pennsyl- 
vania," and "Virginia." 



STEAMSHIPS AND BANKING-HOUSES. 39B 

LINE BY HATHE AND PLTIMOUTH. 

French Line. {Compajnie G'enirale Transailantique.) 

Principal vessels of this line, now leaving New York for 
Havre, by Plymoutli, every Wednesday, with materially re- 
duced rates, the "Pereire," ''St. Laurent," ''Canada," 
''Labrador," "Ville de Paris," "St. Germain," "Ameri- 
que," and " France." 

LINE BY SOUTHAMPTON AND BREMEN. 

Bremen Line, {North German Lloyd.) 
We continue this year the list of vessels engaged in the 
Korth German Lloyd service, by which it will be seen that 
the fleet is one of the most extensive in the world, and the 
connection almost literally world-wide. The " Rhein," 
"Main," "Donau," "Weser," "Oder," "Neckar," "Mosel," 
and many other vessels of this line, have proved themselves 
first favorites as to speed and sea going qualities, with excep- 
tionally good accommodations and service, while especially 
supplying a virtual connection direct to London (by South- 
ampton); and all the old facilities will be retained during the 
current year. Sailings from. New York to Bremen, via 
Southampton, on Saturdays, with others from Baltimore and 
New Orleans. From Bremen for New York on Saturdays, 
with c dl at Southampton on Tuesdays. 

STEAMSHIPS TO CALIFORNIA, CHINA, AND INDIA. 

LINES TO CALIFOIINIA AND CHINA. 

Pacific Mail and Panama Transit Steamship Service. 
This magnificent line now employs one of the largest fleets 
in any service, and among the vessels many alike reflecting 
credit on American ship-building, and supplying the extreme 
of comfort in transit. Among the noblest of these are the 
" City of Peking," and "City of Tukio," so much talked of 
as illustrating the growth of American enterprise, with many 
others only less commanding in size and appearance. Among 
the connections with this California line, leaving foot of 
Canal Street semi-monthly (see current time-tables), are those 



294 8H01U-TRIP GUIDE. 

to Japan, Cliina, Australia, New Zealand, Britisli Columbia, 
Oregon, &c ; and the enterprise, now managed by Messrs. 
W. P. Cl3de & Co., necessarily commands even more tlian 
the old confidence. 

BANKING-HOUSES. 

Exchange may be bought, Letters of Credit taken, and all 
other financial business connected with European lours and 
mercantile operations, safely and profitably transacted, as 
well as many of the details of correspondence and require- 
ments abroad — with the following first class houses, particu- 
lars of whose special lines will be found in their announce- 
ments. 

Brown Brothers & Co., 59 Wall Street, New York, whose 
very name suggests Liverpool, Parliament, Britisli solidity 
married to American thrift, the Bank of England, and every- 
thing else connected with moneyed intercourse between the 
nations, and who notably share in the supplying of fore'gn 
credit as well as keeping up the true commercial status 
between the continents ; 

Morton, Bliss & Co., Broad Street, New York, in connec- 
tion with Morton, Rose & Co., Bartholomew Lane, London, 
who largely enjoy, with other leading houses named, the 
confidence of the government in the arrangement of its 
financial concerns abroad, and who have long since attained 
a leading place in the corresponding confidence and patron- 
age of the traveling community. 

Jo?tn Munroe & Co., 8 Wall Street, New York, and No. 4 
Post Office Square, Boston, who not only effect exchange for 
thousands upon thousands of Europe bound travelers, but 
lay them under obligations by care of their letters, free use 
of reading-rooms, &c., at their banking-house, No. 7 Rue 
Scribe, Paris, which has long been and will continue to be 
one of the "homes" of Americans in that pleasant city, 
always holding its position as the great European resort of 
Americans. 



AMERICAN HOTELS FOR TRAVELERS, 

AND SUMMER RESORTS. 

[In tlie list of American Hotels following, no attempt is 
made at supplying a complete chain in any direction, though 
such an arrangement may be gradually made in following 
years. Of the Hotels, however, it is necessary to say that 
none have place except such as have been personally tested, 
and found well located and capable of supplying excellent 
accommodation: and upon the special features ascribed to 
each, the utmost dependence can be placed by all interested. 
For locations, names of proprietors, &c., ofl&cial cards must 
be referred to. It will be observed that the alphabetical 
arrangement of places lias been adopted, as most convenient 
for the traveler,] 

Albany, N, Y. — Delavan House.— Stanwix Hall. 
Baltimore, Md, — Mt. Vernon House. 

Located in the most elevated and fashionable part of the 
city and contiguous to the Union Depot, the Mount Vernon 
Hotel is n«)w open for the reception of guests, its appoint- 
ments of the most modern and approved character, and ifts 
tables furnished with every domestic and foreign luxury. 

Balt. & Ohio R. E. Hotels. — Deer Park, dec. 

One of the specialties of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 
elsewhere noticed as one of the leading trunk lines of the 
United States, is to be found in the excellent line of Hotels 
at different points of its route, erected, owned and managed 
by the Company, and having the reputation of supplying 
the very best of transient or resident accommodationa. 
Among those houses may be named the '^ Deer Park Hotel," 
on the summit plateau of Big Savage Mountain (of the 
Alleghenies, in Maryland), with great elevation, high repu- 
tation as a health resoit, capital facilities for reaching, and 



296 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

all the advantages ; the " Queen City Hotel," at Cumber- 
land, Md,; and the "Viaduct Hotel," at Relay Station, near 
Baltimore. All are of the best, in location and manage- 
ment ; and they add in no small degree to the travel reputa- 
tion of the line. 

Berkeley Springs, Ya. — -The Pavilion. 

As elsewhere noted, iu the " Special Virginian Tour," the 
Berkeley Springs are among the best known, as well as the 
oldest in Virginia, having enjoyed the patronage and resi- 
dence of Washington, Jefferson, and many others of the 
old-time magnates. Of this very charming place the Pavil- 
ioa is the centre and chief resort, offering airy rooms, the 
finest baths in the world, and profuse Virginia hospitality, in 
a mountain-valley air equal to that of Florence. It passes, 
this year, under new management calculated to add to its 
well-deserved popularity. 

Bia Trees of Calaveras, Col. — Mammoth Grove, 

Hotel 

This house forms, with Sperr'y's Hotel , Murphy's, an im- 
portant link in the chain of California travel, to the Big 
Trees, by the Big Oak Flat route to the Yo Semite, &c. 

Boston". — Parker House. — American House. 

Charleston, S. G. — The Gharleston Hotel 

This hotel has the reputation of being one of the most 
magnificent structures of its kind, on either continent, well 
built, well kept, and satisfactory to travelers as well as for 
residence. 

Chicago. — Grand Pacific Hotel 

This house, with central location, and under most efficient 
and capable management, is justly considered to be one of 
the most striking marks of the wonderful enterprise and re- 



AMERICAN HOTELS. 297 

cuperative energy wMcli liiave, within a sliort period, built 
the "New Chicago" on the site of the great fire, and one 
of the evidences of the perfection to which hotel-keeping 
lias reached in America, 

Cincinnati, Ohio. — Bumet House, 

For many years past, the Barnet has been the house of 
Cincinnati, and among the first in the Middle West ; and 
now that it has been thoroughly renovated and refurnished, 
and is under the control of a firm, the members of which 
have made themselves enviable reputation ia management 
elsewhere, in some of the very best hotels of the Continent, 
the Barnet is fully m-aintainin.g its old status as the best 
located and most desirable house in Cincinnati, and even, 
adding materially to reputation and popularity. 

Delaware Water-GaPj Pa. — Kittaiinny and 

Water- Gap Houses. 

This side of paradise there is not probably finer air to be 
found, than that of the Pennsylvania Mountains of the Upper 
Delaware, — as there are few reaches of finer scenery than can 
be found in that neighborhood. In the midst of that noble 
scenery are located the Kittatinny and Water-Gap Houses^ 
admirable hostelries, and the former for many years one of 
the favorite resorts of those who wish to blend the Ehine 
and the Bavarian Highlands, without crossing the Atlantic, 
while the latter is rapidly growing into corresponding pub- 
lic favor and patronage. 

Detroit, Mich. — The Russell House. 

Beyond question, one of the most admirable houses of the 
North-West, is the Hussell, standing in one of the hand- 
somest localities, as well as in one of the most convenient for 
reaching from any quarter, that could have been afforded by 
the pretty little " City of the Straits," 



298 SSOBT-TkiP GXIIDE. 

Lake George. — Fort William Henry Hotel. 

A very large and admirably kept summer liotel, standing 
on the soiitliern sliore of the lake, commanding the finest'of 
views over it, and in the immediate vicinity of old Fort 
George and the other points of historical interest of that 
romantic section. One of the most popular of fashionable 
resorts, for residence, and as on the line of travel northward 
from Saratoga, to Champlain and Canada — the boats up 
Lake George, making the connection to the larger lake and 
the north, taking their departure almost from the very doors. 
The reduced tariff of charges of this year, is very attractive 
to the world of pleasure-seekers. [Kept in connection with 
the Arlington, Washington, D. C, recognized as the favorite 
house at the Capital,] 

Lake Tahoe, Cal. — Tke Tnhoe House. 

A very pleasant house, with a singularly lovely location, 
on the north shore of Lake Tahoe, the site commanding one 
of the most beautiful lake views in the world. 

Lexington", Ya. — National House. 

As the seat of the Virginia Military Academy, as well as 
the spot of burial of Lee and Stonewall Jackson, Lexington 
presents many attractions to the tourist, apart from its near- 
ness to Goshen Pass and the Natnral Bridge ; and the 
National is the. hotel of Lexington. 

Long Branch, N. J. — West End Hotel. 

The West End, built within a few years to meet the de- 
mand for a better and more picturesque class of hotel build- 
ing on the great bluff of Long Branch, has fairly asserted its 
pre-eminence as the most fashionable of the houses of that 
unrivaled summer gathering-place, and under its present 
and capable liberal management may take rank with the 
best hotels of the cities, while unexcelled in location, nearest 



AMERICAN HOTELS. 299 

to tlie more eclectic residences of tlie " Branch." Important 
alterations and additions, made every season, make the West 
End continually even more capable of accommodating its 
immense fashionable clientelle. 

LoxG Braistch, N. J. — Howland's Hotel. 

The oldest of the original Long Branch hotels now remain- 
ing, Rowland's (very near to the West Eni in location), while 
entirely remodelled, enlarged and handsomely modernized, 
has lost nothing of its old reputation as among the most 
charming of family resorts on the coast. Its management is 
always excellent in every detail ; and its large cli en telle of 
resident sammer guests will not find any of its old charms 
lacking, under the control of proprietors so thoroughly un- 
derstanding the place, their visitors, and the requirements 
of both. 

Long Branch, K J. — Morris Pa»iUon. 

Another of the old-time and always popular resorts of the 
" Branch " is the Pavilion, traditional for the solid comfort 
and quiet enjoyment aflForded to visitors, without any pre- 
tense at the fa,tigue of ultra fashion. 

Mammoth G-rove, Cal — {See Big Trees.) 

Montreal, Canada. — St. Lawrence Hall. — Ottawa 
House. 

Natural Bridge, Va. — Natural Bridge Hotel. 

The opinion has been elsewhere freely expressed that the 
Natural Bridge is one of the grandest pieces of rock-work on 
either Continent ; and the desire to visit this great wonder of 
nature is enough to make popular the Natural Bridge Hotel, 
which lies beside it and affords the only gate of entrance for 
the view. 



800 8H0BT-TRIP GUIDE 

New York City. — The Windsor Hotel 

This magnificent house, among tlie largest and most per- 
fectly built in the world, and located on Fifth Avenue, filling 
the entire block between and opening upon both Forty- 
sixth and Forty-seventh Streets, is worthy the proud name 
which it bears, as suggestive of much that is royal and noble 
in English history, and may be adduced as one of the crown- 
ing proofs of the perfection to Avhich hotel-keeping in the 
larger cities of America has attained. In the management 
are associated (as the official card bears witness), tliose who 
have been eminently successful and popular in the gentle 
art of ministering to the comfort of the travel-world ; and 
years have not been needed to place it high in confidence 
and distinguished patronage. 

New York City. — The Brevoori House. 

This house, of the first fashion, and tbe peculiarity of the 
most distinguished English patronage, stands on Fifth Av- 
enue, in the immediate neighborhood of that handsome 
public ground, Washington Square, and may be said to have 
an exceptionally fine location, combining convenience to 
places of evening resort with quietness and all tliose name- 
less pleasant features distinguishing the true temporary 
*'liome" of the traveled from the mere crowded caravan- 
serai. Every year seems to add to the charm of this un- 
exceptionable house, and the number of its visitors of dis- 
tinction. 

Niagara Falls. — International Hotel. 

This large and first-class hotel offers peculiar temptations 
to tourists, in its possession of all those modern luxurious 
improvements adding so materially to the pleasure of travel, 
as well as in its charming location, immediately over the 
American Fall, at Prospect Point, witb the bridge to Goat 
Island almost at its doors, opening all the scenic wonders of 
both Falls f roiii that Island and the Sister Islands. Mean- 



AMEBIC AN HOTELS. 801 

wliile, especially adding to its general charm, are tlie"Eiver 
Parlors," extending- one hundred feet over the rapids, afford- 
ing unequalled view, and luxurious in every detail, — while 
the lodainof rooms connected with'them hold literally a place 
alone in the charm of their location. 

NiAGAEA Falls. — Clifton House. 

The Clifton, an old and excellent house, familiar for many 
years to the people of two continents, must ever be a favorite 
with those who have once known its splendid location, on 
the Canadian side, at the verge of the river, and with the 
whole marvelous panorama of the American and Horseshoe 
Falls fully visible from its broad piazzas and many windows. 
Meanwhile, though on Canada soil, it habitually flies the 
" Stars-and-stripes " — a fact well worth noting. 

Ottawa, Can. — The Russell House. 

A first-class hotel of large size and good management, 
located in the immediate vicinity of the Parliament Houses, 
Government Buildings, and Barrack Hill, with its fine views, 
and indispensable to visitors to the Capital of the Dominion, 
of whom every year necessarily sees an augmented number, 
as the charms of its location and coolness as a place of 
summer-sojourn become more fully appreciated. 

Philadelphia. — Continental Hotel. 

One of the largest and most perfectly appointed houses in 
America, as well as one of the best-known — holding a pecu- 
liarly central position, on Chestnut Street, and combining 
with its large extent all those modern improvements and 
luxuries which have made the American hotel of the best 
class world-celebrated. Not to have visited the Continental 
is held to be equivalent to not having known the heart of 
Philadelphia, and consequently of having missed many of 
the most charming features of the second city of America. 
During the Centennial year it worthily added to its popu- 



803 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. 

larity by accommodating all comer s^, apparently without 
trouble, and without extortion, even under the temptations of 
that tempting season. 

Portland, Me. — The Falmouth House. 

San Francisco, Col. — Palace Hotel— Occidental 
Hotel 

Saratoga Springs, A^, F. — Grand Union, — 
United States. — Congress Hall. — Ctarendon. 

Sayannah, Ga. — The Screven House. 

St. Louis, Mo. — The Lindell House. 

All the modern improvements have been applied in the 
construction of this new and elegant house, one of the larg 
est as well as one of the leading hotels of the West. It is 
located on Washington Avenue, now the thoroughfare of 
the city., since the opening of the Great Bridge, and stands 
on the site of the old house of the same name, a favorite 
throughout the whole country, while in no respect the eqr:al 
of the present magnificent building. Few houses, in any 
city of the world, can eo fully justify the claim of the 
Lindell, to be at once the " business and society hotel ;" and 
in certain features — among others its table, its thoroughly 
fire-proof construction, and the running of its elevators at 
all hours of the day and night — it presents something unique 
in hotel management. 

Toronto, Ca. — The Queen's Hotel 

One of the best-known and most complete houses in the Do- 
minion, with a flattering and well-deserved reputation as 
one of the best-kept and most carefully-managed, as well as 
admirably located for visiting the Lake shore itself, the 



AMERICAN H0TEL8. 303 

public buildings and fine grounds making Toronto a place of 
pleasant sojourn for all who once visit it. From tlie Queen's, 
tlie University, Osgoode Hall, and indeed all the more 
notable structures of the town, can be reached at very lim- 
ited distances in pleasant foot- excursions. It has also the 
specialty of being selected by Cook as the home of the tour- 
ist. A branch house, the "Queen's Royal Niagara," is 
charmingly located at the mouth of the Niagara River. 

Trenton Falls, New York — Moore s Hotel. 

Without doubt, one of the most capitally-located hotels on 
the American continent, standing within a few rods of the 
matchlessly-beautiful Falls of Trenton, and indeed com- 
manding access to them, as well as supplying guides and 
every essential for the visit. Has noble groves and fine plea- 
sure grounds, and a Geological Museum of the first extent 
and value, besides being, as a place of transient visit or 
longer abode, thoroughly well kept, and in every regard one 
of the most enjoyable of the pleasure-resorts of America. 
Not 1o have seen Trenton Falls, and Hoove's, is to have 
omitted a crowning experience. 

Washington, I). C. — The Arlington. 

A house of high character and first class patronage, seldom 
making any announcement to the public, from the fact that 
that patronage is at once assured and eclectic, composed of 
the most distinguished society of the two continents. Prob- 
ably as many of the names of people of taste and fashion in 
the world of travel, can be found on the books of this house, 
as of any other in America. The Arlington is under the 
same capable management as the Fort William Henry Hotel, 
Lake George, elsewhere mentioned at length. 

Watkins Glen, N. Y. — Glen Park Hotel. — Lake 
View House. — Glen Mountain House. 



304 SHORT-TRIP QTJIBB. 

West Point, K Y. — Cozzens' Hotel. 

One of the most magnificently located, as well as one of 
tlie most tastefully built of all American hotels, is Cozzens', 
at West Poiat, commanding the finest part of the passage 
through the Hudson Highlands, and often winning the name 
of the "Eagle's Nest" from its height above the river, while 
really among the easiest of summer resorts, to reach by boat 
or rail. Among American retreats at once fashionable and 
enjoyable, Cozzens' holds a ''high place" in fact, as well as 
in altitude. It is now in the capable hands of new pro- 
prietors, who are, however, old hotel-men, and who will not 
allow it to descend from its position, in any sense. 

Weyer's Cave, Ya. — Weyers Cave Hotel, 

Tourists visiting the Cave have all comforts, and many 
luxuries, spread before them at the Weyer's Cave Hotel, 
where guides may be procured, and where sojourn long 
enough to thoroughly "do" this great natural marvel, will 
be found pleasant and profitable. 

YosEMlTE Yalley, Cal. — Hutchings' Hotel. 

Mr, Hutchings, best posted of all the pioneers of the Grreat 
Valley, has the hotel furthest up the Valley itself, nearest to 
most points of interest, and simply indispensable to visitors, 
both for convenience and comfort. 



REMINDERS FOR RAMBLERS. 

[See announcement cards, following^ at close of volume, 
for many particulars of value and interest — tlie main facts 
(and facts only) beino- here simply and liastily alluded to for 
the general information of travelers.] 

SPECIAL EOUTES FOR TRAVELERS. 

There is po feature so notable, in American Travel, 
as tlie preat Calif ornian Trip, by rail, by wliicli such a won- 
derful space, involving the most picturesque, novel and 
interesting scenery, can be covered in so few days, and so 
much added to the previous stock of intelligence and expe- 
rience — as witness the official announcement of the Union 
and Central Pacific Railroads, following, and the fall par- 
ticulars there given of the wonderful combinations and con- 
nections of the route, not only to San Francisco and the 
other Californian cities and places of interest, but the Colo- 
rado Mountain regions (the Switzerland of America), the 
great Mining sections. Salt Lake City, &c., and, still beyond, 
to Japan, China and the East. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad, one of the largest un- 
dertakings of its kind in the New World, challenges favor- 
able comparison with any in the Old, for the perfection 
of its construction, equipment and management ; for the 
completeness of its service, and the consideration and ac- 
commodation it affords its patrons. Centering in Philadel- 
phia, its colossal ramifications connect New York on the 
one side, with the extreme South and West on the other ; 
and this continuity of travel shows conclusively the advan- 
tage of railway transit being in the hands of large and 
responsible corporations. 



303 8R0RT-TBIP GUIDE. 

The Neiu York and Philadelphia "New Line" 
affords a delirjhtful variation in tlie route between tlie 
above cities. It is made up of portions of the well-reputed 
old lines, tbe New Jersey Central and tbe North Pennsyl- 
vania, and a new link from Bound Brook, in tlie former, 
to tbe River Delaware, where it forms a junction with a 
new extension of the latter road. This portion will be a 
first class double track, stone-ballasted, built and equipped 
with all the latest improvements, and run with especial 
regard to speed and safety. Its passengers during the Ex- 
position will land conveniently at the Peuu. Depot, main 
entrance of the grounds, thus securing all advantages. 

The North Pemi^T/Ivania Railroad, running from 
Philadelphia northwards, to the cro?sing of the Lehigh 
River at Bethlehem, is one of the best equipped and ar- 
ranged in the State. It affords a most picturesque route of 
travel, and connects, at this point, with the Lehigh Valley 
roads ; passing through the coal districts of the State and 
the historic Valleys of Wyoming, Susquehanna, &c. Scenes 
of unequalled beauty and originality are thus afforded to 
the tourist ; and Niagara Falls are reached without change 
of cars. Passengers by this line are also taken to the Main 
Entrance of the Exposition at Philadelphia. , 

Tlie card of the New Jersey Southern Railroad, for 
the present season, shows that the Company has now two 
fast and splendid boats on the line, to Sandy Hook, in the 
Jesse Hoyt and Crystal Wave, supplying the j^leasantest of 
transits to the Hook, Highlands of Navesink, Long Branch, 
&c., and thence on to Philadelphia by that and coimecting 
roads, twice a day, and in "good form," as our English 
cousins say. 

Of the more prominent roads of the country the 
Baltimore and Ohio ranks among the first for the excellence 



REMINDERS FOR RAMBLERS. 307 

of its manafrement, the extent and perfection of its equip- 
ment and accommodation, and for tlie magnificent scenery 
tlirougli wliicli it passes. Connecting Baltimore and Wash- 
ington with tlie far West, its wide-reacbing arms extend to 
Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago, and by its connections to the 
whole of the West, Soutli, and South- West. From Harper's 
Ferry, crossing the Allegheny Mountains to the Ohio Kiver, 
the road goes through the best of American scenery, illus- 
trating the Railroad construction of this country by some of 
its most stupendous works. As a pendant, the manage- 
ment have made arrangements for admirable hotel accom- 
modations along the line, duly referred to in the chapter on 
"American Hotels." 

The Great Atlantic Coast Line Railway is one of the 
representative roads of America, connecting the Great North 
with the whole of the Southern Seaboard States to its ob- 
jective point — Florida. At Portsmouth joining the steamship 
lines, and at Weldon the Northern Railroads, passengers are 
luxuriously conveyed by the shortest direct route to Colum- 
bia, Aiken, Charleston and Savannah. With its connections, 
the Atlantic and Gulf R. R., &c., it forms the special route to 
Florida, whose just claims to be considered the Italy of the 
New World are now fully recognized. For tourists and 
others seeking this resort, especial and careful ^.ccommoda- 
tions are most complete. Tickets to all points can be ob- 
tained in New York, Philadelphia, and chief cities. 

The Chicago and North-Western Railroad is at 
once one of the greatest and best-managed enterprises of the 
North-West, a great trunk-line leading from Chicago, by 
Fulton, Clinton, Cedar Rapids, Boone, &c., to Council 
Bluffs, Omaha, and connecting there with the Pacific roads 
for California; also with lines leading directly from Chicago 
by Kenosha, Racine, &c., to Milwaukee; and to Fort How- 
ard, Green Bay, or direct connection to St. Paul and Lake 



808 ' SEOBT^TBIP GUIDE. 

Superior, with Bumberless otlier ramifications, of tlie first 
interest to travelers, and wliicli only the official announce- 
ment can fully explain. It is the well-founded boast of the 
C. & N. W., amonj? other things, tiiat it supplies the most 
magnificent Pullman Drawing Room and Hotel Cars, to be 
found on any line in America, thus adding to the speed of 
travel a luxury otherwise unattainable. 

The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 
claims, and justly, to be among the leading lines of tbe Con- 
tinent, affords a favorite route from Chicago to Omaha, 
and thence by its connections to San Francisco and the 
Pacific slope. Its equipment and careful consideration for 
its patrons are unsurpassed; and among the announcements 
of the Company, that " Pullman's palatial dining and break- 
fasting saloon on wheels," furnishing ^'sumptuous meals at 
75 cents while traveling at the rate of thirty miles an. 
hour," is the climax of railroad accommodation — is a fact 
endorsed and verified by the many who have partaken of it. 

The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway is 
the representative line of the district through which it runs. 
With Chicago north and north-westward it connects Mil- 
waukee, and in its immediate vicinity the far-famed Min- 
eral springs of Betliesda, &c., and a neighborhood un- 
rivalled for its beautiful scenery and as a summer resort ; 
thence v/estward to Madison, the State Capital, Prairie du 
Chien, St. Paul, Minneapolis, the Falls of St. Anthony, &c. 
An alternative route through Portage City, by Lacrosse, 
passes up the valley of the Mississippi to St. Paul, and 
affords scenic views of unequalled grandeur and beauty. 
The equipment and accommodation of tbis road are unsur- 
passed. 

The Clyde Coastiuise and Steamship Lines now rank 
amoHg the most prominent and numerous in America. 
Their ships distinguished alike for their size and full power 



REMmBERS FOR RAMBLERS. 309 

no less than for their complete arrang-ements for perfect 
ventilation and the general wants of their passenorers, they 
supply the pleasantest means of transit to the South-Ea stern 
States, Havana and other West India ports. Tourists on 
those routes will do well to consider these advantages. The 
newly-established line to California, in connection, is else- 
where referred to. 

The Day Line of Steamers on the Hudson River, 
from New York to West Point, the Catskill Mountains, &c., 
to Albany, supplies two of the fastest and most commodious 
steamers in the world, in the " Chauncey Vibbard " and 
' Daniel Drew," carryin^j music on all trips, making the 
whole run, in either direction, by daylight, and afFoiding 
opportunities for observation of the whole line of Hudson 
River scenery, u^iattainable by any other route or mode, 
[See map of the Hudson, accompanying announcement.] 

The Peoples Line of Steamers between New York 
and Albany affords another splendid Centennial feature in 
travel on the Hudson River ; leaving either place at evening 
and arriving at the other in the morning, in time for all 
railway connections; and supplying in the "St. John," 
" Drew," and " Dean Richmond," the three noblest and most 
luxurious specimens of inland marine architecture on the 
globe, with accommodations of perfect completeness and 
princely splendor, while still making no heavy draft on the 
purse in any detail of service. [See Map of the Hudson, 
accompanying official announcement for connections, &c.] 

The Mary Poiuell (steamer), running as an after- 
noon boat from NeAv York to West Point, Newburgh and 
other points on the Hudson, to Rondout (Kingston), shows 
still another of those " Prides of thePIudson" just referred 
to ; passing through the Highlands by daylight, and afford- 
ing the most charming of views of that splendid river scenery; 



3ia SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

the boat herself, meanwhile, a beauty, a favorite and a 
celebrity. 

LEADING INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

. The hints given in one of the earlier papers of this 
volume, as to the propriety of every traveler (and indeed 
every man), taking a reasonable Life Assurance, do not lose 
their force, year by year, but rather add new; meanwhile, the 
American system is the best in the world, as now admitted by 
the highest authorities of both continents ; and in some es- 
pecial companies hereinafter named, will be found the very 
highest types of extensive business, reliability and useful- 
ness. First among these may be named the Equitwble Life 
Assurance Society of the United Sta,tes, No. 120 Broadway, 
in whose remodelled building, now nearly completed, may 
be found the most perfect commercial structure in the world, 
and one of the most tastefully elegant, while its business 
is among the largest in the country ; and the JVew York 
Life Insurance Company, No. 346 Broadway, only less ele- 
gantly-lodged than the rival Company, and quite as com- 
modiously, while its figures show the extent and soundness 
of its great beneficial business. In both these companies lies 
an absolute matter of national pride, as well as one of im- 
portant knowledge to the intending investor in this most 
advisable of securities. 

In intimate connection with tlie subject of Life In- 
surance, comes that of Accident Insurance, in which de- 
tail, too, America aflfords one of the noblest examples, in 
the Tramlers^ Insurance Company, of Hartford, Connec- 
ticut, with a New York centre, &o. The Travelers has 
been for years doing a noble work, meeting with very;; 
great and deserved success, and annually paying out im- 
mense sums to the families of those killed by accident, 
or to the disabled themselves in their day of dimin- 



REMmDERS FOR RAMBLERS. Sll 

ished receipts and possible need. The figures of business of 
tlie past year show something of the keenness with which 
the American public are waking to the need and the benefit 
of such an institution, so indispensable among a nation of 
travelers — and of the amount which every late year demands 
from this Company, to pay for lost lives and injured bodies. 
This Company affords also the ordinary Lif« Assurance in 
connection, with the best advantages. 

The Hanover Fire Insurance Company, office, 120 
Broadway, New York, continues to offer the best and most 
reliable guarantees against loss or damage by the devouring 
element, one of the most satisfactory of remembrances to 
those who leave property behind them when traveling ; 
while a visit to the office of the Company will show the best 
thing of its kind in the world, in appointments and manage- 
ment, especially since the late enlargement of space, ren- 
dered necessary by increase of business. 

NEW YORK CITY SPECIALTIES. 

At the American Branch of the house of Messrs. 
Thomas Cook & Son — Cooky Son & Jenkins, 261 Broadway, 
all the Cook's Tourist Tickets may he obtained, for both 
European and American Travel, and much money saved in 
going over many routes on both continents, &c. 

Passports for Europe, as we all know, are convenient 

and profitable, if not always indispensable — as they supply 
identification, often save fees, &c. Arrangements have been 
made, by which they can be supplied at the very shortest 
notice, on application at Morford's Travel Office^ 53 Broad- 
way, or to James Taylor ^ Passport Agent, Notary and Com- 
missioner for all the States, No. 345 Broadway, corner of 
Leonard Street, New York City. 

Intending passengers for Europe or tourists to any 
part of America can examine maps, trace out routes, obtain 



313 mORT-TRIP GUIDE. 

any information desired, or have passages secured by any of 
the best linea of travel, with the advantacjes of the ];ersonal 
experience of an old traveler, at Mor ford's Travel Office, 52 
Broadway, New York — now open in connection with the 
management and publication of the " Short-Trip Guides" to 
Europe and America. 

Indi8pensable to those wlio wish, to lay out routes in 
Europe and travel intelliirently as well as comfortably and 
economically, will be found the companion volume to this — ' 
" Morj-ord's Short-Tri'p Guide to Europe"" (editorial office, 53 
Broadway), of which a leading U, S. official said, lately, 
returning from a tour of the Old World, and speaking to a 
ship-board acquaintance : " My party, in our travels through 
the Brititth Islands and on the Continent^ had nearly all the 
Guide-Books and all the American ; and it is only justice to 
say, that after due examination, thouifli using some of the 
larger and the local Guides, occasionally, for particu'ars not 
allowed by its limited space — loe found Morford's the hook to 
arrange routes and travel hy, and made it our chief depend- 
ence throughout." 

The Home Journal^ the leading fashion and society- 
paper in America, and indeed holding a corresponding place 
in that regard to the London " Court Journal," while it pos- 
sesses a literary ability to which the Eugliah exponents of 
aristocracy and fashion cannot pretend, has actually be- 
come a necessity in the higher walks of American life, and 
is beginning to exercise no small influence as a fashion 
authority abroad. 

That the Mendelssohn Piano Company, of which the 
office is at 56 Broadway, New York City, have in several re- 
gards deserved so well of all lovers of music and employers 
of musical instruments, as to be worthy of all the immense 
popularity they have attair^el. They have deserved well. 
In all tlieir many improvements on and over the ordinary 



BEMINDEm FOB RAMBLERS. 313 

piano — culminating in what is undoubtedly the "best Upright 
Piano ever made, as additional to their admirable Squares 
and Grrands ; and they have deserved even better in throw- 
ing overboard the whole costly system of agencies, putting 
themselves in immediate connection with buyers, and thus 
supplying $1,000 pianos at $450; $900 at |400; $850 at 
$350 ; $650 at $375, and $600 at $250 ! 

That to no mechanician of the day is the art of print- 
ing so much indebted as to Andrew Campbell, head of the 
Campbell Press and Manufacturing Company, 39 Beekman 
street, New York, and Wythe avenue and Hewes street, 
Brooklyn. It may be said that Mr. Campbell, a thorough 
inventor as well as machinist, has literally revolutionized 
the construction of printing presses and their accompani- 
ments, in doing away with the heavy, clumsy and needlesely- 
«xpensive, and bringing into play all the resources of en- 
gineering to produce perfect accuracy combined 'vi/ith 
•comparative lightness and cheapness before unheard of. 
No higher proof of the excellence of the Campbell Presses 
is needed, than to gay that the best of the splendid Aldine 
printing has been done on them — that their work done at 
the Centennial was universally admired — and that they, as 
well as the Rotary Perfecting Printing and Folding Ma- 
chines, of this manufactOT"y, received the very highest 
awards of the Centennial Commission, 



PHILADELPHIA SPECIALTIES. 

Perhaps the most perfect Drug-and-Fancy-Store in 
the world, as certainly one of the most beautiful in arrange- 
ment and most extensive in the variety of articles embraced 
is that of A^ L, Helmhold, Chestnut Street, between Eighth 
«,nd Ninth, and within the Continental Hotel. The dispens- 
ing of medicines and chemical preparations is really made 
a branch of fine art, under auch auspices as those enjoyed 



314 8H0BT-TB1P GUIDE. 

by Mr. Helrabold, whose literal bazar is open all nigbt^ and 
■who adds to general business the specialty of supplying, at 
first hands, the well-known and popular Helmbold's Prepa- 
ations, now almost indispensable in the medical world. 

The Travelers' Official Guide, published raonthly. 
by the National Railway Publication Company, Philadelphia, 
is very correct, careful, and wonderfully comprehensive, and 
affords incomparably the best authority on the Western 
Continent, as to time of trains, connections, and every 
information necessary for the traveler. 

Messrs. Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger, tlie well- 
known booksellers of Market Street, announce the third 
edition of the audacious and successful Centennial Novel, 
" J%e Spur of Monmouth," thus evidencing that there is a 
taste for historical romance in America, however that fact 
has been denied, at home and abroad. The book is certainly 
a remarkable one, like the occasion in which it originated 



STEAMSHIP LINES. 



SHORT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS 



INMAN LINE. 



NEW YORK 

TO 

LIVERPOOL 
On Saturdays. 




FROM 

North River, 
New York. 



The Large, FuII-Powered, Clyde-BuIlt Steamships, 



Cnr OF Chestee, Sat., Mav 5. 
City of Richmo.nd, Sat., May 19. 
City of Bichlin, Sat , June 2. 
CfTY OF Chksteu, Sat., June 9. 
City op Richmond, Sat., June 23. 
City of Beulin. Sat., July 7. 



City cp Chester, Sat., July 14. 
C TV OK Richmond, Sat., July 28. 
CITY OF Berlin, Sat., Aug. 11. 
Cirv OK ("HESTER, Sat., Aujr. 18. 
City OF Ei'HMuND, Sat., Sept. 1. 
&c., &c., ifcC. 



With intermediate and succeeding steamers, as warranted. « 
The course laid down for these steamers, and followed by them for several 
years, is fixed to pass 250 miles south of Cape Race. Although the voyage is 
thus lengthened about ico miles, better weather is met with and there ii much 
greater freedom from fogs and floating ice and the danger of navigation consC' 
queat thereon. 



PASSAGE. 

From Lirerpool, $75 and $90, gold. 
(1 5 to iS Guineas.) 
Round Trip Tickets, '$145 and $175, gold. 



RATES OF 
To Lirerpool, $80 and $100, gold. 



Steamers leave Liverpool on Thursdays. 
" " Queenstowa on Fridays. 

** ** New York on Saturdays. 



For fiirther information, apply at the Company's Ofices t 



Li'verpool^ 

London^ 
Parisy 
Boston y 
Philadelphia^ 
Chicago^ 
New York to 



Wm. Inman, aa Water Street. 

C. & W D. Seymour & Co. 

EivEs & Allen, 61 King William Street, 

A. H. Johnson, 9 Rue Scribe. 

L. H. Palmer, 5 Old State House. 

Geo. a, Faulk, 105 South Fourth Street. 

Francis C. Brown, 3a S. Clark Street 5 and In 

JOHN G. DALE, Agent, 



15 Broadway, 



SHOR T- TRIP TIIDE. —A NNO UN'GE MBNTS. 



^ tfi m 3 

C 3 ■= U 
p y K H"^ 

(_..__ 3 en 




5 ci e cS S'2 



u 

c 

'o 
> 
ci 



nsTA-Tioisr^L LINE. 

Steamers Weekly BETWEE^f 

A-^-^F r(9itA', LIVERPOOL AND QUEENSTOVVN; 

AND FORTNIGHTLY BETWEEN 



NEW YORK AND LONDON DIRECT. 



Spain, 

Egypt, 
Italy, 
Holland, 

France, . 
Denmark, 



4,871 tons. 

5,089 ;; 
4,341 

3,847 ' 

3,675 ; 



England, . 


. 4,896 tona 


The Queen, . 


4,470 " 


Helvetia, . . 


. 3,976 


Erin, 


4,040 " 


Canada, 


. 4,276 " 


Greece, . 


4,310 '• 



The above powerful British-built Iron Steamships, with spar decks, 
and water-compartments, THE LARGEST IN THE TRADE, during 
the season of 1877, will form this favorite line, leaving 

LIVERPOOL, . . . . EVERY WEDNESDAY, 

QUEENSTOWN, ... . . EVERY THURSDA Y. 

NEW YORK, .... EVERY SATURDAY. 

Weekly to and from LONDON 

From the Company's Piers, 

NOS. 44 AND 47, NORTH RIVER. 



CABIN PASSAGE 
To Liverpool, Queenstown, or London, $60 and $70, according tc loca. 
tion of sleeping rooms. All passengers have equal privileges in the 
Saloon, Return Tickets by London Steamer, ^100; by Liverpool 
Steamer, $110 and $120. For passage apply at the Company's Offices, 

No. 21 Water Street^ Li'verpool^ and at 

No, 69 Broadway, New York, 

F. W. J. HURST, Manager. 



ANNO UNCEMENTS, 



ii 



• s< 





?? 




SAISillVG FROM NEW YORK. FOR QUEENSTOWN AND 
I^iVESFOOL., EVERY TUESBAY. 



First-Class Mail Steamships 

MOI^TAIN'A, - - l^^EVADA, 

.wiscoisrsm, - - - idaho, 

WYOMING, 

From Liverpool ever}^ "Wednesday, and Qneenstown every 

Thursday. 



DRFATS payable in all parts of England, Ireland and Scotland. 



FOR PASSAGE APPLY TO , 

WILLIAMS & GUION,^ 
29 Broadway. 



SEOBT-TRIP G UIBE.—ANNO UNCEMENTS. 




STEAMERS TO FRANCE DIRECT. 

General Transatlantic 

COMPANY^S 
FIRST-CLASS STEAMSHIPS, 

iTnder Government Contract to carry the Mails between 

NEW YORK AND HAVRE. 

Leaving New York and Havre every Wjcdnesday, calling at 

Plymouth. 

PEREIRE, SAINT LAURENT, SAINT GERMAIN, 

LABRADOR, VILLE DE PARIS, CANADA, 

AMER.IQUE, FRANCE, 

Passage Money ( Wine included) Payable in Gold, 

FROM NEW YORK, PLYMOUTH OR HAVRE, 

First Cabin, $100, Second Cabin, $65, 

Third Cabin, I35, Fourth Class, $26, 

To Plymouth, $25. 

Excursion Ticket} issued at a reduction of 10 per cent. 
MEDICAL ATTENDANCE FREE OF CHARGE. 

American Travelers going to or returning from the Continent of Europe, by 
taking this Line, avoid both transit by English railway and the discomtorts of 
crossing the Channel, besides saving time, trouble and expense. For Freight or 
Passage apply at the Office of 

LOUIS DE BEBIAN, Agent, 

55 Broadway, New York. 



BEOR T- TEIP G UIDE. —ANNO UN OEMEN TS 



NORTH GERMAN LLOYD. 



w o 



o 



fa 
o 

w 

H 

o 



< 

The Screw Steamers of the North German X,loyd 




H g 2 

> O < 

o > 



> 



Hhein, 

DOXAU, 
KOLN, 
IfECKAU, 
LkU'ZTC, 

Wksku, 
KKOxrRixz Fiii 



Hermann, 
Hanovek, 
Stkassburg, 
Baltimore, 
Ohio, 
, America, 

SDiilCH WiLilELM. 



Haxsa, 
Frankfurt, 

MOSEL. 

Eeklix, 

Bismarck, 

Oder, 



Habsrurg, 
Hohexzolern, 

Ho H ENST AUFFEE, 

Salier, 
Braunschweig, 

!N'UKN15ERG, 

General AV'eruee, 



These Vessels carry the Gerffzan, BritisJt and United States Mails^ 

and leave 
Bremen, for New York, by Southampton, every Saturday. 

'' for Baltimore, on alternate Wednesdays. 
Southampton, for New York, every Tuesday. 

" for Baltimore, on alternate Saturdays, 

New York, for Southampton and Bremen, every Saturday. 
Baltimore, for Southampton and Bremen, every alternate Saturday. 

The above vessels have been constructed in the most approved manner; 
they are of 3 000 tons, and 700 horse-power each, and are commanded by 
men of character and experience, who will make every exertion to pro- 
mote the comfort and convenience of passengers. They touch at South- 
ampton, or the outward trip, for the purpose of landing passengers for 
England and France. 

These Vessels take Freight to Bremen, London, Hull, Rotterdam, 
Antwerp and Hamburg, for which through bills of lading are signed. 

An experienced surgeon is attached to each vessel. 

All letters must pass through the post office. 

Specie taken to Havre, Southampton and Bremen at the lowest rates. 

For Prices of Passage, and all further particulars, apply to NORTH 
GERMAN LLOYD, Bremen: KELLER, WALLIS & POSTLE- 
THWAITE, Southampton and London: VYillAA^'P'^,, GRAVES, PHIL- 
LIPPS & CO., London: L'HERBETTE, KANE & CO., Havre and 
Paris: OELraCHS & CO., New York: A. SCHUMACHER & CO., 
Baltimore: ED. F. STOCKMEYER & CO., New Orleans: H. UP- 
MAN & CO., Havana, 



ANNO UNCEMENTS, 



Pacific M ailSteamship Line 

TO 

CALIFORNIA. 



For time of Leaving of tlie Magnificent 

SteamsMps of this Line, tlie Oldest 

and Most Reliable Route to 

California, and all Ports 

of tlie PacifiCj 

From Pier Foot of Canal st., N. R., 
KEW YOEK, 

And also for Rates of passage, made to accord with 

the times, 

See Current and Weekly Announcements. 

Close Connections made at San Francisco with China 

Line for 



As also for Ports of Oregon, British Columbia and 
the Northwest. 



For Freight or Passage pply to 

WILLIAM R CLYDE & CO., 
Or H. J. BULLA Y, Superintendent^ 

Fiei Foot Canal Street, North HiTer* 



BANKING HOUSES. 



SHOE T- TRIP G UIDE. —ANNO UNCEMENTS. 

BROWN BROTHERS & CO. 

59 Wall Street, New York, 

Issne, agfainst cash deposited, or satisfactorj' guarantee of repayment, 
Circular Credits for Travellers, in dollars for use in the United States and 
adjacent countries, and in Pounds Sterling; for use in any part of the 
world. 

These credits, bearing tke signature of the holder, afford a ready 
means of identification, and the amounts for which they are issued can 
be availed of from time to time, and wherever he may be, in sums to 
meet the requirements of the traveller. 

Applications for Credits may be made to the above house direct, or 
through any first-class bank or banker ia this country. 



They also issue Commercial Credits, make Cable Transfers of Money 
between this Country and England, and Draw Bills of Exchange on 
Great Britain and Ireland. 

BROWN, SHIPLEY &> CO., 

Founder's Court, Lothbury, London. 

BROWN, SHIPLEY ^ CO., 

Chapel Street, Liverpool, 

DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., 

Wall Street, Corner of Broad, 

NEW YORK, 

DREXEL & CO. drexel, HARJES & CO. 

34 South Third Street, 3, Rue Scribe, 

Philadelphia. Paris. 

ISSUE 

COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDITS 

Available in all parts of the World. 



TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS 

TO AND FROM EUROPE, HAVANA AND SAN FRANCISCO, 



Attorneys and Agents of 
Messrs. J. S. MORGAN & CO., LONDON. 



SHO n T- TRIP GUIDE. —ANNO UNOEMENTS. 



MORTON, BLISS & CO., 

Bankei^s, 
I Broad Street, New Yorky 

ISSUE 

CIRCULAR NOTES and LETTERS OF CREDIT 

For Travellers ; also 

COMMERCIAL CRjEDITS 

available in all parts of the world. 

Negotiate First-Class Railway, City and State Loans, make 

Telegraphic Transfers oif Money, allow Interest 

on Deposits and Draw Exchange on 

MORTON, ROSE &- CO., London, 

HOTTINGUER &- CO., Paris, 

HOPE <5r* CO,, Amsterdam. 



John Munroe & Company, 

BANKERS, 

- No. 8 Wall Street^ New York, and. 
No. 4 Post Office ^juare, Boston, 

ISSUE 

CIRCULAR NOTES AND CIRCULAR LETTERS 
OF CREDIT FOR TRAVELERS, 

ON THE 

CONSOLIDATED BANK, LONDON. 

AND ON , 

MUNROE & COMPANY, 

PARIS. 



EXCHANGE ON LONDON AND PARIS, 

Money Transferred and Credits Opened by Cable. 



INSURANCE COMPANIES. 



SHOR T- TRIP G UIDE.—ANN'O U'NCEMBNTS. 




Fire Insurance Company, 

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

Office, No. 1 20 Broadway, cor. Cedar St., 

(Equitablb Life Assurance Go's Building.) 



Incorporated 1852. 



BENJAMIN S. WALCOTT, President. 
I. REMSEN LANE, Secretary. 
C. L. ROE, Asst Secretary. 



Cash Assets, 



$1,642,882,59. 



AGENCIES IN ALL THE PRINCIPAL TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Eastern Agency Department, - - THOMAS JAMES, Actuary, 
Western and Southern Agency Department, " The Underwriters 

Agency." A. STODDART, General Ageni, 



ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



THE 



EQUITABLE 
im ASSURANCE SOCIETY 

OF THE UNITED STATES, 

No. 120 Broadwciy, New York, 



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All Cash. 



Purely MutuaK 



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CO 

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Annual Dividends. 



New Business among the largest of any Company in America or 
Europe. Average Annual Growth greater than any other leading 
Company. Percentage of Losses to Policies in force, less than 
any other. Percentage of Expenses to Income, less than thet 
average of other New York Companies. 



OFFICERS,^ 

HENRY B. HYDE, President, 

JAMES W. ALEXANDER, Vice-Pi-e^ident. 

SAM'L BORROWE, Secretary. 

WILLIAM ALEXANDER. Ass't Secretary, 

GEO. W. PHILLIPS, i Actuaries 

J. G. VAN CISE, ^ actuaries. ,, 

EDWARD W. LAMBERT, M. D., i Medical Examiners \ '' 
EDWARD CURTIiS» M. D. i Meaicat jLxaminer&. ^ 



AMERICAN TRAVEL 



SHORT- TRIP UIDE.—ANNO UN CEMENTS. 
The Great Trans-Continental All-Rail | 

Union & Central Pacific Rotite 

Via Council Bluffs and Omaha, 

IS 

226 i¥li!es the SHORTEST, 

FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST TO 

SALT LAKE CITY, 

SACRAMENTO, 

SAN 7RANCISC0, 

AND ALL POINTS IN THE 

SANDWICH ISLANDS, JAPAN, 

NEW ZEALAND, CHINA, 

AUSTRALIA, INDIA, 



Shortest and Quickest Roitte 

To DENVER, COL., NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. 

PULLMAN'S PALACE DAY AND SLEEPING CARS are rua on 
r11 Express Trains, and passengers are cautioned that only those who are 
ticketed via Omaha are sure of securing berths to points west ot Cheyenne. 

Double Berth— Omaha to Ogden, $3 ; Ogden to San Francisco, $6. 

To Tourists^ Pleasure and Health Seekers^ this Route offers unrivaled 
attractions in the beautiful Platte Valley ; the grand scenery of the Snowy 
Range ; the Passage of the Rocky Mountains (8,242 feet above the sea): 
the Laramie Plains ; the Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains ; the wild and 
weird Echo and Weber Canons ; the Great Salt Lake and its Mormon 
City, surrounded by lofty mountains, rivers filled with trout, hunting 
grounds, medicinal springs, etc.; the Humboldt Sink; the Sierra Nevadas- 
me Palisades ; the beautiful mountain lakes of Tahoe and Donner, and 
the passage of Cape Horn ; making a two thousand mile panorama ol 
unequalled grandeur and beauty. 

Through Tickets for sale by F. KNOWLAND, General Agent, No. 
287 Broadway, New York, and at all principal ticket offices in the country 
Members of Colonies and Excursion Parties should address the General 
Ticket Agent for rates and arrangements, 

THOS. L. KIMBALL, 

Gen'l Ticket Agent, U. P. R. K., Omaha 

T. H. GOODMAN, 

G. P. A., C. P. R. R.jSan Francisco 
[SE3 NEXT PAGE.] 



SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNO CfNCEMENTS. 
THE 

Unio7i & Central Pacific Line. 

TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. 



From ATLANTIC CITIES to OMAHA, (Nebraska), via the Great 
Trunk Lines of Railway, — about 1,400 miles, in 50 hours. 

From OMAHA to SAN FRANCISCO, (California), via Union and 
Central Pacific Railroads. — 1,914 miles, in 4 days and 6 hours. 

From SAN FRANCISCO to YOKOHAMx\, (Japan), by Pacific Mail 
Line Steamers, and by Australian and American Steamships, 4,700 miles, 
in 22 days. 

From YOKOHAMA to HONG KONG, (China), by Pacific Mail or 
Peninsular and Oriental Steamers, — 1,600 miles, in 6 days. 

From HONG KONG to CALCUTTA, (India), by Peninsular and 
Oriental Steamers, — 3,500 miles, in 14 days. 

Or from San Francisco to Calcutta via Australia, as follows : 

From SAN FRANCISCO to HONOLULU, (Sandwich Islands), by 
United States, New Zealand and Australia Mail Steamship Line, — 2,110 
miles, in 10 days. 

From HONOLULU to AUCKLAND, (New Zealand), by U. S., New 
Zealand and Aus. S. S. Line, — 3,800 miles, in 14 days. 

From AUCKLAND to SYDNEY, (Australia), by U. S., New Zealand 
and Aus. S. S. Lme, — 1,277 miles, in 5 days. 

From SYDNEY to MELBOURNE, (Australia), by Pemnsular and 
Oriental Steamers, — 560 miles, in 3 days. 

From MELBOURNE to GALLE, (Ceylon), by Peninsular and Ori- 
ental Steamers, — 4,670 miles, in 21 days. 

From GALLE to CALCUTTA, (India), by Peninsular and Oriental 
Steamers, — 1,315 miles, in 7 days. 

From CALCUTTA to BOMBAY, (India), hj the East Indian and 
Great Indian Peninsular Railways, — 1,400 miles, m 2 daj'^s. 

From BOMBAY to SUEZ, (Egypt), by Pemnsular and Oriental 
Steamers, — 3,600 miles, in 14 days. 

From SUEZ to ALEXANDRIA, (Egypt), by Rail along the Suez 
^anal, — 225 miles, in 12 hours. 

From ALEXANDRIA to BRINDISI, (Italy), by Peninsular and 
^^■dental Steamers, — 850 miles, in 3 days. 

From BRINDISI to LONDON, (England), by Rail, via Paris or flie 
P'^ine, — 1,200 miles, in 3 days. 

From LONDON to LIVERPOOL, (England), by Railway,— aoo 
miles, in 5 hours.. 

From LIVERPOOL to ATLANTIC CITIES, (America), by either of 
the Great Atlantic S. S. Lines, — 3,000 miles, in 10 days. 

Total distance, 23, 589 miles. Time, 81 days. 

OFFICES: 

No, 287 Broadway^ New York. 

Cor. i^k &* Townsend 6ts., San Francisco ; and 

General Foreign Agency, W. C. THOMPSON, 

22 Moorgate St., London, 

•"SEE PRECEDING PAGE.l 



SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

IS THE GREAT 

Mil LliS ill Mill Sim 

OF THE UNITED STATES. 

n '"RAVERSES the most interesting portions of the North American Con- 
tinen. and unites by unbroken tracks all the principal Cities on the Atlantic 
Coast ;n the Great Lakes and in the Mississippi Valley. 

THROUGH TRAINS 

;ire run between New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, in the 
East, aid Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, St. Louis, 
Cincinnati and Louisville, in the North, West and South-west. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

IS THE 

Best Constructed Railv^ay on 
the American Continent. 

ITS MAIN LINES are laid with a DOUBLE TRACK OF STEEL RAILS. 
secured on Oak Ties imbedded in broken-stone ballast, which renders them 
impervious to the action of frosts or freshets, and prevents annoyance from dust. 
All bridges are of iron <ir stone. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

RUNS THE 
Most Perfect Rolling Stock in the World. 

ITS ENGINES are models of mechanical excellence, and its Passenger Cars 
are unequalled for comfort, elegance and strength. Superior Hotels and 
Eating Houses are provided at all essential points. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

ENFORCES UPON ITS EMPLOYES 

STRICT COURTESY AND POLITENESS, 
IN THEIR INTERCOURSE with the public, and uses every effort to secure 
the comfort and contribute to the enioyment of its patrons. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

RUNS TRAINS FOR GREATER DISTANCES, 
without Stoppage, than any other line in the world. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

Is acknowledged to be among the most successful and beneficial enter- 
prises of the century. 

{See current Time TabUs.) 



SEOR T- TRIP a HID E-~ ANNO UNGEMENTS. 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad^ 



THE 



GREAT NATIONAL ROUTE, 
THE SHORTEST ROUTE 

FROM 

BALTIMORE AND WASHINGTON 

TO 

Pittsburg., Cincinnati, Columbus, Chicago, Indianapolis, 
St. Louis, Kansas City^ Denver, St. Joseph, Omaha, 
San Francisco, Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, 
Vicksburg, New Orleans, Mobile, Galves- 
ton, and all the leading cities of the 
West, South-West and the 
North-West, 



Route passes through splendid scenery of the Potomac Ri'very Alle- 
gheny and Cheat Mountains^ West Virginia^ Ohio, &c. 



DOUBLE-TRACK, STEEL-RAIL AND STONE-BAL- 
LASTED ROAD. 



Magnificent Day Passenger Cars, Pullman Drawing-Room 

Day and Sleeping Coaches, through to Cincinnati, 
Chicago, St, Louis and Pittsburg, without change. 

The Great Public Thoroughfare between the South^ South- East, Tf^est, 
and North- West^ 



E. E. DOKSEY, Asst. G. T. A. 



THOS. P. BARRY, 

West-ern P-assenger Agent^ 

Cincinnati. 

F, W. RANKIN, Eastern Passenger Agent, 

315 Brvadway, New York, 



L.M. COLE, aen'l Ticket Agt. 
RSEY, As3t. G. T. A 
BALTIMORE 



ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



c ^ L I F o R isr I ^ . 

THE CHICAaO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY 
Embraces under one management the Great Trunk Railway Lines 

of the ^¥iE§T ANU NOMTM-IVEST. Its 

OMAMA AN1> CAIilFOMNIA I.INE 

Is the shortest and best Route for all points in Northern Illinois, 
Iowa, Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Cali- 
fornia, Oregon, China, Japan and Australia. Its 

CMIC5ACO, ST» PACfli AN© MINNEAFOI^IS lilNE 
Is the short line for Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, and for 
Madison. St. Paul. Minneapolis, Duluth and all points in the great 
Northwest. Its 

CMICACJ© ANH MlI/irAUMEE LINE 

Is the old Lake Shore Route, and is the only one passing through 
Evanston, Lake Forest, Highland Park, Waukegan, Racine, Ke- 
nosha to Milwaukee. 

Ftillmaii Palace Sleeping' Cars 

are run on all through trains on all divisions of this road. 

This is the ONLY LINE running these cars between Chicago and 
St. Paul, Chicago and Milwaukee, or Chicago and Winona. 



UNRIVALLED ! 

PUIil^MAN FAliATIAli Il»MATl'IN«^-ISOOM 

HOTEL C ^ 

These celebrated Cars are run over the Chicago <& North-Westerii 
R'ailioaij, AIjONEI, betvjeen Chicago and Omaha. 

No otlier road riiiis tltis or any otlaer form of Hotel 

Car toet^veeai Claicis.ii:o aiid OEiialia. 



This Line of Hotel Cars was built expressly for the Chicago & North- 
Western Railway's CAILIFOMNIA IjIKE, and runs over it 
daily each way between CHICAGO and COBjNCII> I5I>tJFFS. 

No expense has been spared in the construction of these Cars, the 
Cotnpany being determined to excel all former jwoductions, and pre- 
sent to the Traveling Public a line of Hotels on Wheels, that icill em- 
brace all ihe Magnificence, Comfort and Litxury of the best Hotels in 
the country. 

Through Tickets via this Route can be procured at all Ticket 
Offices in the United States and Canadas. 

New York Office, No. 415 Broadway ; Boston Office, No. & State 
Street ; San Francisco Office, No. 4, New Montgomery Street ; Chi- 
cago Ticket Offices. 

For rates or information not attainable from your home ticket 
agents, apply to 

W. H. Stennett, Marvin Hughitt, 

Gen. Pass. Ag't, Chicago. Gen. Man'g., Chicago' 



SEORT-TRIP GUIDE— AWNOUNCEMENTHS. 

' UO^N TO GO WEST! 

TAKE THE 

CHICA&O, BURLIN&TON & QUINCY E. R. 

THE FAVORITE ROUTE 

To ALL POINTS in the WEST and SOUTH- 
WEST. The ONLY LINE taet^ween 

CHICAGO AND OMAHA 

running PULLMAN'S DINING CARS, PAL- 
ATIAL DINING AND BREAKFASTING 
SALOONS ON WHEELS. 

Sumptuous Meals for 75 oents, at thirty miles per hour, is the travel- 
ing climax of this progressive age, introducing novelty, and adding pleas- 
ure as v/ell as comfort to the usual tedium of a long journey. 

THROUGH DAY and SLEEPING COACHES by this route, with- 
out change, BETWEEN CHICAGO and OMAHA and CHICAGO and 
KANSAS CITV^. 

TRAVELERS destined to Burlington, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Lin- 
coln, Denver, Salt Lake, Sacratnento, San Fraiicisco. Quincy, Hannibal, 
St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, Lawrence, Kansas City, Topeka, or 
points in the Indian Territory and Texas, should consult their safety, 
comfort and pleasure, by procuring their tickets via C. B. cS: Q. (**THE 
BURLINGTON ROUTE,") for sale at all ticket offices. 

For rates on Freight and further information, apply at the Company's 
Offices: 

BOSTON — 222 Washington Street. 

NEW YORK— 317 Broadway. 

CHICAGO— 59 South Clark Street, and Union Depot. 

LIVERPOOL, England— 16 South Castle Street. 

LONDON " — 1 3 Queen Victoria Street. 

W. B. STRONG, 

CknH Suftf Ciicagg, 

E. P. RIPLEY, 

Gtti'l Eastern Agent fNexo York and Bi>mn. 



ANNO UMCEMENT3. 



BOUND BROOK ROUTE, 



Fast Tiiiiel Elegant Cars ! lm)[\\ Track ! h Smoke nor Dust! 

Are the apeciaJties of this Eoute. 

SEVEN DAILY THROUGH TRAINS (^t^Sv) 

With Parlor and Sleeping? Cars, 

Between Philadelphia and New York. 

TRY THE NIC^V X^INIC I 

-Passenger Depot in New York : Central R, R. of New Jer- 
sey, foot of Liberty Street, Norili River. 

Passenger Depot in Pliiladel[)bia : North Penna. R. R., 
Third and Berks Sts. 

F. H. SAYLOR, Gen. Manager. 

NORTH PE N N SYLVANITbAI Lfi OAI). 

THIS SHORT AND FAVORITE ROUTE 

FROM PHILADELPHIA TO NIAGARA FALLS, 

Passing through the beautiful Lehigh, Wyoming and Susquehanna 
Valleys, contains some of the most picturesque scenery in the coun- 
try. Passengers have privilege of visiting en rente such celebrated 
places of resort as Bethlehem, Mauch Chunky Switchback, Wilkes- 
barre, Scranton, Ithaca, Geneva, Auburn, Seneca Lake, Rochester^ 
Buffalo, Clifton Springs, &c. 

EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES, 
to all principal Watering Places in the 

NORTHERN STATES and CANADA, 

First-class equipment, Parlor and Sleeping Cars, smooth track and 
entire freedom from dust and smoke, are the specialties of this route. 
' PASSENGER DEPOT IN PHILADELPHIA, 

Corner of THIRD and BERKS STS. 

Ticket Offices, S. E. cor. Fifth and Chestnut Streets^ 
732 Chestnut St,, cor.. Sth St., and 1351 Chestnut St.^ 
corner of Broad. ELLIS CLARK, Gen. Agent. 



ANNO UN CEMENTS. 



f 



EW Jersey Southern 

RAILEOAD LINE. 



Tlxe only Line between New York and Pliiladelpliia. 

VIA LONG BK.VXCH AND THE SEA SHOKE. 

Favorite Route for 



Monmouth Pakk, 
Toms EiVER, 
Wakktowx, 

BAKXKrtAT. 

FoiJKKD River, 

TUCKliKTON, 



liOns Branch, 
Ocean Orove, 
Beach. Haven, 



Htghlaxds, 
Skabuight, 
MoxMouTii Beach, 
Ek.d Bank, 
Eaiontowx, 

BuiCKbBUKG. 




ee 



The fast and favorite Steamer 

"JESSE HO YT." 

The magnificent floating palace 

««JiM]?lS3i gSjL,®B, 

Five trips per day, during the pleasure-season. 

(See daily papers and bills, for time-tables.) 

:o: 

Depot in New York, Pier 8, N. R , foot of Eector Street ; in Plailadel- 
pbia, foot Market Street, and TOO & 732 Chestnut Street. 

W. S. SNEDEN, General Manager. 

CHAS. P. McFABDIN, Gen. Ticket Agent. 



SHORT^TRIP GUIDE.--ANN0UNCEMENT8. 

THE 

ATLJINTICCO/STLIPII^AILWAY. 

TO 

FLORIDA, NEW ORLEANS AND THE SOUTH. 

THE QUICKEST ROUTE TO 

Columbia, Aiken, Augusta, Charleston, Savannah, 

Jacksonville, Ms con, Columbus, Montgomery,' 

Mobile, E"ew Orleans, South-West Georgia, 

AND ALL ATLANTIC COAST LINE CITIES. 

64 hours to New Orleans and 14^ hours quicker to JACK- 
SONVILLE, FJorida, than any other railway line between 
the NOBIH AND SOUIH. 

Pullman Sleeping Cars on all night trains, and Parlor Cars 
by day. Baggage checked through to destination. 

TICKETS GOOD UNTIL USED. 

Through Tickets via this Line, chairs, berths and sections in 
parlor and sleeping cars secured, and all information, given in 

NEW YORK, 

A.t Atlantic Coast Iiine Office, 229 Sroadway, Opposite 
Netv Post Office, 

261, 315, 526 Broadway; No, 1 Astor House; at the offices of the New York 
Transfer Co., 944 Broadway, and at offices of Pennsylvania R. R. Co., foot of 
Cortlandt and Dcsbrosses Sts. ; Dodd's Express, No. 4 Court St., Brooklyn. 

IN JERSEY CITY, Pennsylvania Mailroad Depot. 

IN PHiLAwELFHIA, 

700 Chestnut St. ; 838 hes'nut St. : S. E. cor. B oad and Chestnut Sts., and at 
Philadelphla,Wilmington & Baltimore R. R. Depot, cor. Broad and Prime Sta. 

IN BALTIMOt^g, 

At Atlantic Coast ILine Office, ^o. 9 German Street, 

W. H. FITZGERALD, Agent. 
S E. cor. West Brltimore and Calvert Sts ; N. E. cor. West Baltimore and 
Calvert Sts. ; 1.^7 Baltimoro St. ; at Camden Station, Baltimore & Ohio K. R. ; 
Baltimore & Potomac R. R. ; also, at Niagara Falls, Co nandaigua, Elmira, 
Syracuse, Buffalo, and all intermedials points on Northern Central R. R. 

U4 WASHINGTON, 
602 Pennsylvania Ave. ; cor. Sixth St. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; cor. Thirteenth 
St. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; Depot Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railway ; on 
board Potomac Steamers, foot of Seventh St. 

I'H RICHA^OVD, 
Apply at office of Richmond & Petersburg R. R.. orat Garber & Co.'s, No, 826 
Mala St., and Exchange Hotel. 

A. POPE, Geii'l Pass, and Ticket Igent. 



ANNO UNGEMENTS. 



m cm, Mffiiii I \i m\ mm 

Is the Great Through Line! 

CHICAQO-NORTHWEST, 

Wisconsin, Korti^ern lom, Minnesota, DaKoti, lanitoDa and ilie BlacK Hills, 

And ii tlie only Company owning a line of Eailway 



— FKOM- 




It is also tie ONLY RAlLfAY COMPANY Dy wliose Line 

ARE OR CAN BE ISSUED 

Via CHICAGO and MILWAUKEE, 

—TO — 

Watertown, Sparta, La Crosse,Wiiiona, St. Paul and Minnfapolis; 

or Madison, Prairie du Cliien, McGregor, Charles City,Ma!iOii 

City. Austin, Owatonna, St. Paul and Minneapolis. 

Tickets to St.. Paul and Minneapolis by this road are good either via 
Madison, McGregor, Owatonna and Faribault, or via Waiertown, 
Suai'ta, La Crosse and Winona. 

It is the ONLY RAIL ROUTE to these celebrated SUMMER 
RESORTS and Business Centres, viz : 

PEWATJKEE, HARTLAWD, NASHOTAK, OCONOMO"WOC. Port- 
age, KiL^OURN CITY, Tomali, WAUKESHA, PALMYEA, 
Whitewater, Bro^'head, Monroe, Edgerton, Lone 
Rock, Eoscobel, Horicon, Beaver Lam, 
Fox Lake, Waupun, Berlin and Winneconne in Wisconsin; 
Calmar, Decorali and Algona, in Iowa; Wabasha, Read's 
Landing, Lake City, FRONTENAC, Red Wing, 
Easting's, Faribault, Farmington. PitlOR 
LAKE and Glencoe, in Minnesota. 

Watering Places and Siunmer Resorts in Capitals. 

Chicago Dkpot, corner Canal and West Madison S^s. Horse Cars 
and Stage Lines for all parts of the city constantly passing. 

Ghicaro City Office, 61 and 63 Clark St. 

^^ Palace Sleepinjs: Cars and Day Coaches, with Westinghonse's 
Improved Automatic Air- Brake on all throuijh trams. 

S. S. MERRILL, A. V. H. CARPETs^TER, 

General Manager. Gen. Ptss. and Ticket Atr«Qt. 

JNO. C. GAULT, 

Asft. General Manager. 



SHOE T- TRIP G UIDE—ANNO UN CEMENTS. 




1.Q77. 



HUDSON RIVER 
DAYLIGHT. 



Albany and New York 

DAY LINE 

OF 

STEAMBOATS. 

The fast, commodious and favorite 
steamers, 

^'C. VIBBARD," 

AND 

"DANIEL DREW/' 

LEAVING NEW YORK 

FROIVl FOOT OF VESTRY ST., 

Pier 39 North River,. 
AND ALBANY 

FROM FOOTOF HAMILTON ST 

DAILY, SUNDAYS EXCEPTED^ 



(Fer time^ see Neav- York dctily 
fapers.) 



Landing- at ths Prircipal Points on tise 

Hudson Kiver. 
Affords the best mode of enjoying: 
THE UNSUEPASSED SCENERY, 
And of reaching the . 
Catskill Mountain H&use, 

And all points West by 
if. Y. CENTHAL E. E. 

ISAAC L. "WELSH, 
General Ticket Agent, 

New York. 



ANNO UNGEMENT8. 



AFTERNOON BOAT 



NEW YORK TO WEST POINT, NEWBURG, 

RONDOUT AND KINGSTON 




THE SPLENDID AND FAVORITE STEAMER 

MAR V POM/ ELL 

Leaves New York, every afternoon at 3.30, from VESTRY 
STREET PIER, for WEST POINT, NEWBURG, 
POUGHKEEPSIE, RONDOUT and KINGSTON; 
landing at CORNWALL, MILTON, and other popular 
places ; passing 

Through the Highlands by Daylight, 

and affording unequalled facilities for reaching the places 
named, and enjoying the noble scenery of the Hudson. 

dt^^This always magnificent Steamer, just refitted at great 
cost, and with large additional power, is now the type 

FLOiTIia PALACE OF AMERICAN EIYERb. 

Returning, leaves Rondout every morning at 5.30 A. M., 
rea,ching New York at 10.30. 



8H0BT- TRIP G UIDE. —ANNO UNGEMENT8. 



sscxJc. 
'e'Tgennes^ 



W/fc*t 

[RUTLAND 




■gngEte^Vs^ PEOPLE'S LINE 

ST. ALBANS 



STEAMERS 

BETWEEN 

New York and Albany. 

Rooms heated by steam during 
the cool months. 



New York to Albany^ 
STEAMERS 



DREW, 



D.BICHMOHD, 



Tuesday, 

Thursday, 
Saturday .^ 



Monday, 

Wednesday, 

Friday, 

From Pier 41, North River, 
(Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses Street.) 

AT 6:00 P. M. 
{ Connecting with Trains of New 
ra?w6y^| York Central, Albany & Susque- 
I hanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and 
K Boston & Albany Railways ; and 
vnche. Lake Champlain Steamers. 
^^aldm, I pw^ Ticket.-^ at the Office on the 

\ 7 -r. - ' Wharf; also at Dodd's Express Of- 
-r.Ben'ny ^^^^^ ^^^ Broadway, New York, and 
^oo»,- Pj No. I Court Sireet, Brooklyn. 

-^^ ! j^= Passengerr, leaving Wash- 
ington at 8.C0 A. M., Baltimore at 
9.25 A. M., Philadelphia at i.jo 
P.M., arrive in New York at 5. ij 
P. M., in time to connect as above, 

Albany to N'ew York, 
STEAMERS 

D.RICHMOND, DREW, 



Monday, 

Wednesday. 

Friday, 



Tuesday, 

Thursday, 
Saturday, 



From Steamboat Landing, 

AT 8:15 P.M.. 

On arrival of Trains from North 

and West. 
Cars from Saratoga and the North 
go to the boats. 
^"'Tickets to Philadelphia. Bal- 
timore, and Washington City, for 
sale on the Boats. 
Hudson River Railroad Tickets 

TAKEN FOR PASSAGE, including Statfi- 

Room Berth. 

S. E. MAYO, 
Gen'l Pass. Agt.^ Neiv York. 



AMERICAN HOTELS. 



ANNO UNGEMENT8. 




WINDSOR HOTEL, Fifth Avenue, 

FORTY-SIXTH and FORTY-SKVENTH STREETS, New York City. 
One of the most elegant, costly and perfect Hotels in America. 

HAWK, WAITE & WETHERBEE, Proprietors. 



BREVOORT HOUSE, 

FIFTH AVENUE, 
Near WASHINGTON SQUARE, 



NEW YORK. 



A quiet Hotel, with a Restaurant of peculiar excel- 
lence. 

Its patrons are of the best families of this country and 
Europe. 

C. C. WAITE, 

Resident Proprietor, 



SHOBT-TKLP GULDE.'-AN NOUN CEMENTS. 




WEST END HOTEL, 

Long Branch, N. J. 
PRESBURY &* HILDRETH, Proprietors. 

GEO. G. PRESBURY, JR. D. M, HILDRETH, 



SHORT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

HOWLAND'S HOTEL, 

Long Branch, N. J. 



HENRY ROWLAND & SON, 

Managers. 

One of the oldest established houses on the Long 
Branch shore ; recently rebuilt with all modern im- 
provements ; and for many years 

} FII|ST FAYOI|ITE/S A FAMILY HOTEL. 

Coaches at all Trains during the Season, 



PAVILION HOTEL, 

LiOng Branch, N. J. 



SAMUEL C. MORRIS, Proprietor. 

This House is situated on the margin of the Atlan- 
tic Ocean, embracing a front of over two hundred 
and fifty feet. 

Families wishing to spend the season at a watering 
place can be accommodated in the most comfortable 
manner and on moderate terms. 

Particular attention paid to the comfort ot Ladies. 



COACHES AT ALL TRAINS. 



SHOR r. TBIP Q UIDE—ANNO UNCEMENT8. 

COZZENS' HOTEL, 
Y/EST Point, N. Y. 



GOODSELL BROTHERS, Proprietors. 



Coaches will await the arrival of every Train and Steam. 

BOAT at COZZENS' DOCK TO CONVEY PASSENGERS 

TO THE Hotel 

Passengers via Hudson River R. R. should stop at 

GARRISON'S STATION, 

AND TAKE FERRY BOAT TO COZZENS' LANDING. 



Hotel entirely refitted and redecorated. 
PRICES REDUCED TO ACCORD WITH THE TIMES. 

KITTATINNY HOUSE^ 

Delaware Water-Gap, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

The original and favorite house at the Water-Gap, with a 
charming location, every comfort and convenience, and a 
summer list of visitors averaging three thousand. 



WATER-GAP HOUSE. 

More modern house, erected in 1S72, on ground still 
higher than the Kittatinny, and commanding unequalled 
views of the fine natural scenery of the Gap. 

L. W, BRODHEAD &» BRO., Proprietors. 



ANNOUNCEMENTS. 







THE 



CONTINENTAL HOTEL 



PHILADELPHIA . 



J. E. KINGSLEY & CO., Propirietors. 

One of the largest and most magnificent -Hotels in 
America, located on 

. ■ CHESTNUT ST., COR. NINTH, 

At the actual centre of the city and convenient to places 
of amusement and all points of interest. Has 500 rooms ; 
passenger elevator ; two great lines of telegraph to all 
points ; every variety of carriage facility ; is passed by 
street cars, and oifers every attention, alike for the hurried 
visits of the tourist or for more leisurely residence. 



SHORT- TRIP G UIDE.—AI^NO UNGEMENTS. 




LA PIERRE HOUSE, 



BROAD ST., NEAR CHESTNUT, PHILADELPHIA, 

J. B BUTTE RWORTH, Proprietor. 

3^^ Passenger Lift, Telegraph Office, and all modern improvements 

and luxuries. 

MOUNT VERNON HOTEL, 

8 1 West Monument Street, 
BALTIMORE. 



Conducted 07i the European Plan, 



This superb edifice, located in the most fashionable 
part of the city, is now open for the reception of guests. 
Its appointments are of the most approved character, 
and the tables are supplied with every luxury this and 
foreign markets afford. It has heretofore been patron- 
ized extensively by European travellers, as well as by 
men of eminence and distinction of this country. 



SHORT-TRIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 






I ..ill '11.' I I. J 




THE 

WJSHI^'GTOJY, (D. C. 

Admitted to be the most thoroughly enjoyable of all 
the hotels of the National Metropolis, in location, ar- 
rangement and management. 

T. ROESSLE & SON, 

Ozvners and Proprietors, 
IN CONNECTION, THE 

Fort William Flenry Hotel, 

LAKE QEO(RGE, JSf. Y. 

This magnificent house is located at the most beauti- 
ful spot on the shore of *^ Horicon " (the site of old 
Fort William Henry) ; is fitted with all modern conven- 
iences, and has accommodation for nine hundred persons. 

Open June 1st, 1877, with Reduced Terms. 

To Boarders for the Season, $15.00, $17.50 and $21.00 

per week, accordhior to location of rooius ; 

Tbansient Guests, $4,00 per day. 



A WJSrO umjEMEJ^TS. 




MOORE'S HOTEL. 

TRENTON FALLS, 

,„»^__ '^^^^ York. 

This first-class hotel is located immediately in the neigh- 
borhood of these, the handsomest Falls in America, and 
among the finest in the World ; and from it every facility is 
to be obtained for viewing them to advantage. 

M. MOORE, Proprietor. 



y 



AN'N'OUNGEMENTS. 




Largest and most pleasantly situated of any at Niagara ; 
nearest to the Falls, and the only one containinjr all modern 
improvements. New RIVER PARLORS extending lOO 
feet over the Rapids, and commanding unequalled view. 

OMNIBUSES AND POETERS AT ALL TBAINS, 

Railroad, Steamboat and Telegraph Offices in the Hotel, 

Prices Reduced to Suit the Times. 



SHORT-TRIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



THE 

RUSSELL HOUSE, 

DETROIT, 

Michigan. 

WITBECK, CHITTENDEN ^ CO., 

Proprietors^ 



This Hou-se, liandsomely as well a« convexiiently situ- 
ated in the most eligible portion oi the admittedly beau- 
tiful " City of the Straits," enjoys the reputation of 
being one of the 

HOTEL ATTRACTIONS OF THE NORTH-WEST, 

And the peculiarity of being visited by 

People of Distinction^ American and Foreign, 
To a degree seldom equalled elsewhere. 



All Modern Conveniences and Elegancies 



SIIORT-TBir &mDE.—ANNOUNGEMENT&: 







i-v 






— ■-» _ 




T H E 

GRAND PACIFIC HOTEL, 

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, 

U. S. A. 



One of the largest (having over 500 Fooms), best arrangccfy, 
finest ventilated and most elegantly furnished Hotels in. 
America.. Has all the different safeguards against fire^ 
which makes it 

PRACTICALLY FIRE PROOF. 
With a froniage east, soath, west and norttl of over 
1,000 feet. 

Prices according to location of rooms^ but on moderate scale to> 
accord with the times. 

}OHN B. DRAKE & CO.,. Proprietors. 



A jSTNO UNGEMENTS. 




BEOBT-TMIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMEWTB. 




THE LINDELL HOTEL. 

BUSINESS AND SOCIETY HOTEL OF 
GRISWOLD, CLEMENT & SCUDDER, Proprietors. 



SnOB T- TRIP G UIDE. —ANNO UNCEMENTS. 

CLIFTON HOUSE, 

Niagara Falls* 

{Canada Side.) 
COLBURN & McOMBER, Proprietors. 



Has advantages over all others, in the unequaled view 
of the Falls and Rapids, to be obtained from the windows 
and piazzas of the Hotel. 

Rooms en suite or singly. Superior accommodations 
for families spending the season. Transient board at 
reasonable terms. Commutation Tickets for passing over 
the New Suspension Bridge, immediately adjoining. 

Atteiidance excellent, and rates moderate. 




THE 

Russell House, 

OTTAWA, 



Canada. 



This Hotel is the largest and only first-class house in the city. 
It is fitted, furnished and kept as an unexceptional first-class 
Hotel, combining modern elegance, comfort and economy. It 
has ample accommodation for five hnndred guests, ■ and is delight- 
fully and centrally situated, being in close proximity to the Parlia- 
ment Buildings, the Post Office, and all the points of interest. 



A NNO UNCEMENT-- 




One of the Largest Hotels in the Dominion of Canada, and the most 
convenient to the Great Western, Union and JSTorthern Railway Stations, 
Steamboat Piers, and the business portion of the city. Stands on Front 
Street, between Bay and York ; has every modern convenience, accom- 
modation for 500 guests ; Lawn, Croquet Grounds, &c.; has received the 
Grand Duke Alexis, Lord Dufferin (Governor-General), and many 
other distinguished persons ; and is selected by Cook for reception of 
his tourists in Canada. 



SEOR T- TRIP UIBE—ANNO UNCEMENT8. 



Natural Bridge Hotel. 



ROCKBRIDGE CO., VIRGINIA. 



A. LEAR, Superintendent. 



This commodious and well-situated Hotel is in the immediate neighbor- 
hood of that unparalleled ivor.dcr of nature^ the NATURAL BRIDGE^ 
admitted to be among the grandest of the rock-works of the continent 
and far superior to the world-famed Giant's Causeway of Ireland. 

The Hotel olfers comfortable accommodations for loo guests, and offers 
a pleasant Summer Home for families. 

Connections to the Bridge and Hotel, by stage from Goshen Depot of 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad; by stage from Bonsack's, Ohio and 
Mississippi Railroad; by stage from Gilmore's Mill, Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal, from Lynchburg and Richmond. 

Pavilion "Hotel, 
berkeley springs, 

West Virginia. 



. JOHK T. TREGO, Proprietor. 

The Pavilion is the leading house of this old and justly celebrated 
Bathing and Watering Place ; is laige, commodious and well kept, and 
supplies the 

PLEy^S/NTEST SUMMER RESORT I^YIRGINI/. 

^P" The most extensive and perfectly arranged Medicinal Baths ia 
America, connected with the Hotel. 

^^ Accessible by Btage-ride of 2>^ miles, from Sir John's Eim, sta- 
tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, from Baltimore, Washinston 
or the West. 



AMERICAN SPECIALTIES. 



ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



j!^OOK, ^OJM 8f JeJNKIN^, 



He. 2S1 Broadway^ Hsw York City. 



Excursion Tickets foi* all Routes in America, (including California, 

with Salt Lakk City, YosSMite Valley, tlie Geysers, <S:c., 

and all the wonderful scenery of Colorado) : to 

ALL POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE WEST AND SOUTH 

THE WHITE MOUNTAINS, 

and 

ALL POINTS OE INTEREST IN THE EAST AND NORTH 

at 

Hates heloto tJiose Otherwise Attainable^ 

AXD WITH 

Combinations and Privileges Peculiar to their Arrangements, 



TICKETS TO AND THROUGH EUROPE AND THE EAS2, 
WITH OCEAN-CROSSING BT ALL LINES OF 
STEAMERS, AND AT MARKED REDUC- 
TIONS FROM ORDINARY 
RATES. 



"Cook's Excitrsionist,*' published monthly, price lO cents, with 
nearly one thousand specimeh Tours and Combinations. 



Branch Oflflces : Boston, 197 Washington St. ; Puilaoelphia. 1251 
Chestnut St. ; Washington, 820 E St. ; San Francisco, 3 New Mont' 
gomery St. ; New Orleans, 35 Carondelet St. 



THOMAS COOK &. SON, Ludgate Circus London. 



AA'A'O UNCEMENTS. 



A, CAMPBEIiLi, President. 
A, F. BROWN, JNO. R. CAMPBELL. J. L- BROWER. 

'Treasurer. >^(icretari/. Asst. Sec\t/ 

Campbell Printing Press 

AND 



OFFICE,. 

iVb. 39 BeeJtmaii Btreet^ New Yorlz. 

FACTORY, 

Wytlie Avenue, Heioes and Penn Streets^ 
BrooUyiu E. B., JSf. Y. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 

Sotary Jerfscting Printing & Folding Machines* 

ALSO 

Cyliridex" ^Px^esses 

FOR, 

Book, Newspaper, Job, Color & Wood-Ciift Printing, 



The Campbell Presses are Endorsed by the Leading 
Printers and Publishers in the United States, 



Highest Award at the Philadelphia CentenniaL 



SEN© FOK It.IiUSTI£ATED CATAIiOGUE, 



8I10R T- TRIP UIBE—ANNO UNCEMEJS! TS. 

1846. THIRTY-SECOND YEAR. 1877. 

THE 

HOME JOURNAL, 

ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 



^''The Best Literary and Society Paper in 
America." 

Its leading departments comprise Editorials on topics of fresh interest ; 
Brilliant Romances, and Portraitures of American Life; Editorial Re- 
views of new events in the world of Belles-Lettres, Painting, Sculpture, 
Science, Music, '^nd the Drama ; Original Essays ; Ample Excerpts from 
the best European Writers ; iplcy Letters from Correspondents in all 
the great Capitals of the World ; Copious Extracts from New Books ; 
and racy accounts of sayings, happenings and doings in the Beau 
Monde ; embracing the very freshest matters of interest in ;his country 
and in Europe— the whole completely mirroring the wit and wisdom, the 
humor and pathos, the news and sparkling gossip of the times. 

SUBSCRIPTION. 

Subscribers will receive back numbers when desired. 

FREE OF POSTAGE, 

Thk Home Journal alone, one copy, one year $3'Oo 

J copies, one year h.va 

6 " " " 9.00 

TERMS FOR CLUBS: 

The Home Journal and any $4 periodical (either Harper's Magazine, 
Harper's Weekly, Harper's Bazar, Atlantic Monthly, Scribner's 
Monthly, The Galaxy, Lippincott's Magazine, Appleton's Journal, 
Frank Leslie's Ladies' Journal, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 
Blackwood's Magazine, Westminster Review, or any of the English 
Quarterlies republished here) will be sent for $5-a?, Ihe full price being 
$7. St. Nicholas for $4.50 ; full rates, $6.00. Littell's Living Age for 
$8.75 ; full price, $11. 

Subscriptions will take date immediately, or at any time subscribers 
prefer. Address the proprietors and publishers, 

MORRIS PHILLIPS & CO., 

No. 3 Park Place, New Y&rk, 



ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



THE HIGHEST HONORS 



■ ■oe:n'teis^fial exhibition. ' •■ 

The Judges unanimously recommended tlie 

ENDELSSOHN PIANOS 



DIPLOIVIA OF HONOR AND MEDAL OF MERIT, 
Placing" them in the Front Rani: without a Su2:>erior. 

-FMECES M]E1.©"W COMPE^ITTiON, 

FOR STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS INSTRUMENTS. 
$600 tor $250. $G50 for $275. 

$700 for $300. $750 for $325. 

$800 I'or $350. $900 for $400. 

$1,000 for $450.- 
,N0 COMMISSIONS TO AGENTS. 

NO DISCOUNTS TO TEACHERS. 

NO DEVIATION IN PRICK 
THE MENDELSSOHN 

GRAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT PIANOS 

contain vahiable patentsaud improvements never before introduced. 

Mathushek's New Patent Duplex Overstrung Scale 

is the greatest advance in the history of Piano making, producing 
xhe most astonisliing poiver, richness and depth of tone, and a sus- 
taining singing quality never before attained, being a '' Gsaxd Piano 
IN A Square Case. " 

THE MEIS^DELSSOHK UPRIGHTS 

are the finest in America, 

They are pronounced the "Pianos of the Future/'' 

Manufactory aEid IVarerooms : 

Kos. ^90, 492, 494, 496 and 498 West Fifty-seventh St., 

Nos. 858, 860, 862, 864, 868 and 870 Tenth Avenue, 

PIANOS SENT ON TRIAL. 
Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue mailed free. 

MENIJEliSSOMN PIANO CO., 

Business Office, 

No. 56 BROADWAY, K Y. 



SHORT-TBIP eUIiyE—ANNOUNCEMEJS'TS. 



THE 

SPUR OF MONMOUTH 



OR. 



Washington in Arms. 



A Historical and Centennial 
ROMANCE OF THE REVOLUTION, 



From Personal Recollections and Documents never 
before made Public. 



By an Ex-Pension Agent. 



Tliird. Kldition. I^Jo-w Keady ! 
BY 

CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 
Publishers ani> Booksellers, 

624 to 628 M ar k e. t* Sir eet ^ 
PHILADELPHIA. • 



SHORT- TRIP O VIBE. —ANNO UNCEMENTS, 



HELMBOLD'S 

TEMPLE OF PHARMACY, 

CONTINENTAL HOTEL, 

PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 




PRESCRIPTIONS 
Carefully compounded with Pure Drugs and Chemicals, 

IMPORTER OF 

French, German and English Perfumery, 
Soaps, Pomades, Toilet Articles, &c. 



COMPLETE LINE OF LADIES' REQUISITES. 



Principal Agent of 

ATKINSON'S, LUBIN'S AND LETCHFORD'S PERFUMERY. 



SoLB Aghnt for 

GOLDEN HAIR FLUID, 
L^AUREOLINE DE ROBARE. 

Patronage of the public is respectfully solicited. 

ALBERT L HELMBOLD. 



principal Depot for the sale of Helmbold's Genuine 
Preparations • 

• Helmbold s Extract Buchu, 

" Extract Sarsaparilla. 

" Improved Rose Wash & Catawba Pflls. 

OPEN ALL NIGHT. 



SHORT- TRIP G UIDE—ANNO UNGEMENTS. 



RAVELERS UFFICIAL VjUIDE 

OF THE 

RAILWAYS k STEAM ^VIGATION LINES 

IN THE 

UNITED STATES & CANADA^ 



The only Guide recognized by the United States Government, and. 
Miilroad officers, as the standard authority for time, distances, and other 
statistics relative to railroads. 

i^ubIjISHkid ]M:o:isrTia:i:.^^, 

under the auspices of the General Ticket Agents' Association', and 
sold by all news agents and periodical dealers throughout the United 
States and Caiada; also, at the various railroad depots and on trains. 
This is the best advertising medium in the countrv, and from iis krge 
circulation, affords unusual advantages to merchants and manufacturers, 

PMICE JPJEK COPY, SOc; PEJt TJE:AM, $4.00, 

For further particulars, as to prices of advertising, &c., application 
should be made to the 

NATIONAL RAILWAY PUBLICATION CO., 

23S Soteth Fifth St,, Fhiladelphia, JPa-r 



u 



Official Time-Tables; 



A New Monthly Publication of about 200 Pages, 

CONTAINING, IN A CONDENSED FORM, TiME-TaBLES 

OF THE Railway and Steam Navigation 
Lines of the United States & Canada. 



The afternoon trains are distinguished from the morning trains by the 
use of a peculiar style of type for each. Telegraph Stations are desig- 
nated, and the population of each place noted. A short description of 
each city, giving its business interests, lists of kotels, &c., is also- 
Incorporated, 

A new, handsome, and accurate colored railway map is bound in each. 

PRICE f^5 CENTS PER COPY, 

NATIONAL RAILWAY PUBLICATION CO. 

PHILADEL.PHIA-.2S3 South Fifthi Street. 

CHieAGO~96 Dearborn Streets 



ANNO UNCEMEXTS. 



ZELL'S 

ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



Price, complete, - - - $37. BO. 

A.^so Sold ill Nos. at 50c, each. 



The shape of the book, type, plan of the work, &c., have 
been made to produce the greatest amount of matter in the 
smallest space, and at the lowest cost. The amount of 
printed matter is equal to that of the largest Encyclopedia 
published by an American firm. While every essential 
fact and date is included in each article, yet every subject 
is so condensed that our Encyclopedia has five times as 
many articles as the most voluminous ones. 

This gives not only the convenience of compactness, 
but enables you to make references in so short a time 
that you are tempted to look them up when your interest 
is aroused, and they are thus fastened in your mind. 

B. AV. BOND, 

Jfo, 5 Beekman Sf,, 

NEW YORK CITY. 



ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



NEW YORK BUREAU 

FOB 

MINING INFORMATION, 

No. 60 BROADWAY, 
(Over Ame7'ican Mining and StocJc Exchange.) Ne"%w ITork. 



This Bureau has been established to supply a daily increasing 
M^ant of the Mining Interest of America. It has reliable Corres- 
pondents in all the Mining localities, and, while encouraging these 
great interests, wiU fearlessly expose all attempts to deceive the 
public with worthless investments in this class of property. 

TKe JSllritrLg RecoT'cL, 

OF THE 



NEW YORK BUREAU FOR MINING INFORMATION, 
Price $3.00 per Annur>x, in advance^ 

will be the official mouthpiece of the Bureau, and will be published 
every Thursday. Subscribers to The Mining Record will be en- 
titled to all the privileges of the Bureau. Reliable Assays of all 
kinds of Ore will be made when ordered, and Experts will be pro- 
vided to examine Mines and Mining Property. 

All communications will meet with prompt response. For fur- 
ther particulai-s, address 

AliEX. KOBT. CmSHOIiM, 

Manager. 

N. B.— Liberal arrangements made with reliable Cor- 
respondents and Experts. 




CLYDE'S 

COASTWISE, WEST INDIA & PACIFIC STEAM LINES 

BETWEEN 

NEW YORK 

AND 

Havana, Cuba j Hayti and St. Domingo j Galveston, Texas j 
Charleston, S. C. ; Wilmington, N. C. ; Philadelphia, Pa. 

. PHILADELPHIA 



Boston and Providence; Charleston, S. C. ; Norfolk and Rich- 
mond, Va. ; Alexandria ; and Washington, D. C. 

Neto Orleans, La.; Cedar Keys ©* Key West, F/a.; Sf Havana, Cuba. 



NEW YORK AND CALIFORNIA LINE, 

Via Isthmus of Panama, 

Connecting with Lines on the Pacific Coast for 

Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, British Columbia, Central 

America and South Pacific Ports, 

WM. P. CLYDE & CO., 



12 South fVharvet, Ehtla.^ Pa. 



No. 6 Boivling Green, N. Y 



